Pro-Apoptosis Effects of Yangzheng-Xiaoji Capsules in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Activation of the p53-Induced Apoptotic Pathway and Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Yangzheng-Xiaoji capsules (YXC) have been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of HCC in China; however, the composition of compounds in YXC and its underlying anti-tumor mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze the composition of YXC.

A Highly Expressed and Conserved Odorant Receptor for Identifying the Alarm Pheromone ()-2-Decenal in .

()-2-decenal is the alarm pheromone of and other Pentatomidae bugs as well. This chemical can trigger avoidance behavior from dangerous sources or defensive behavior against predators, thereby playing a crucial role in the survival and flourishing of the population. Revealing the molecular mechanism underlying this stink bugs's perception of alarm pheromone will facilitate the development of environmentally friendly biological control agents.

Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrability of BACE1 SiRNA-Loaded Prussian Blue Nanocomplexes for Alzheimer's Disease Synergy Therapy.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition was an important pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ generation was highly regulated by beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is a prime drug target for AD therapy. The silence of BACE1 function to slow down Aβ production was accepted as an effective strategy for combating AD.

Nanoquadruplex-driven hydrogen therapy: NIR-controlled release for targeted cancer ferroptosis.

Hydrogen therapy as an emerging strategy for anticancer medicine is attracting attention. However, the limitations of effective hydrogen storage and release have hindered its development and application for hydrogen therapy. Herein, a high hydrogen storage nanoquadruplex (PdH)Se based on a palladium-selenium core has been designed and shows enhanced intratumoral accumulation via an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.

Research on the Combined Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Effects of Oxygen-Carrying Hydrogel Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy-Targeting Biofilms.

Biofilms present a significant obstacle in the treatment of bacterial infections, because of their ability to evade the host immune response and to resist conventional antibacterial drugs. This study introduces an innovative approach to overcoming these challenges by targeting the biofilm microenvironment using a multifunctional therapeutic platform. The platform leverages perfluorohexane (PFH) as an oxygen carrier to alleviate the multifunctional therapeutic platform.

Targeting DNA damage response pathways in tumor drug resistance: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions.

Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has become a promising strategy for overcoming tumor drug resistance, particularly in cancers with DNA repair defects. DDR pathways, including homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), and mismatch repair (MMR), are essential for maintaining genomic stability. However, resistance to DDR-targeted therapies, such as PARP inhibitors, often arises due to tumor adaptation through various mechanisms.

Coptisine activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor to regulate colonic epithelial homeostasis in DSS induced ulcerative colitis and TNF-α challenged intestinal organoids.

Background: Coptisine is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis Chinensis, exhibiting significant pharmacological potential. Emerging evidence suggests its therapeutic efficacy in gastrointestinal disorders through modulating inflammation and maintaining gut homeostasis.

Purpose: The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying coptisine mediated restoration of intestinal barrier integrity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and TNF-α challenged intestinal organoids.

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction alleviate Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by adjusting the myelin regeneration.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HQGZWWD) in preventing Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) in rat models.

Methods: Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was utilized for comprehensive characterization of HQGZWWD phytochemicals and their biodistribution in plasma and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues. An established OIPN rodent model was generated through intraperitoneal administration of oxaliplatin, with therapeutic outcomes assessed via behavioral assessments and histopathological evaluations.

Cathepsin K as a key regulator of myocardial fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy and a promising therapeutic target.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure with a high mortality rate. Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the progression of DCM, yet therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis remain limited. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis in DCM.

Dynamic Monolayer WSe Electrolyte-Gated Transistor with Coexistent Double Relaxation Timescale for Enhanced Physical Reservoir Computing.

Physical reservoir computing (PRC) is considered as an efficient method for solving complex time series tasks due to its outstanding advantages such as easy training and hardware implementation. However, a memristor-based reservoir with only a single timescale carrier/ion dynamics limits the performance of multiple timescale feature extraction. Here a fully volatile, electrolyte-gated monolayer (ML) WSe transistor with a coexistent double relaxation timescale (DRT) is reported, which enriches the reservoir dynamics and has excellent time series prediction capability in PRC.

The shift toward nanovaccination: A comprehensive review of advancing nanovaccination for combinatory immune regulation therapies to treat infectious diseases and cancer.

Vaccination is an essential tool in combating infectious disease and holds significant potential in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for nanovaccines development, which leverage nanoparticles to enhance vaccines delivery, stability, and immunogenicity. This review article examines the composition of nanovaccines, detailing the characteristics properties of antigens and adjuvant along with the various nanomaterial commonly employed, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, biomimetic structures, as well as organic and inorganic nanocarriers.

Potential Roles of Serum Exosomal CD155 and its Impact on NK Cell Immunosuppression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Targeted therapies directed at tumor immune checkpoint, like programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1/programmed death (PD)-1, have shown remarkable progress. Nevertheless, treatment efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notably compromised due to the intricate immune microenvironment. Exploring alternative checkpoints beyond PD-L1/PD-1, including those not located on the cell surface, may improve our understanding of their roles in areas like diagnostic potential and immune tolerance in HCC.

Machine learning prediction of HER2-low expression in breast cancers based on hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides.

Background: Treatment with HER2-targeted therapies is recommended for HER2-positive breast cancer patients with HER2 gene amplification or protein overexpression. Interestingly, recent clinical trials of novel HER2-targeted therapies demonstrated promising efficacy in HER2-low breast cancers, raising the prospect of including a HER2-low category (immunohistochemistry, IHC) score of 1 + or 2 + with non-amplified in-situ hybridization for HER2-targeted treatments, which necessitated the accurate detection and evaluation of HER2 expression in tumors. Traditionally, HER2 protein levels are routinely assessed by IHC in clinical practice, which not only requires significant time consumption and financial investment but is also technically challenging for many basic hospitals in developing countries.

Precise Control of Noncovalent Dimerization via Cucurbit[]uril-Based Host-Guest Complexation.

Upon complexation between differently sized cucurbit[]uril ( = 7, 8, or 10) hosts and a fluorenone derivative with various binding modes, the aggregation state of the fluorenone guest is precisely switched from J-aggregates to the monomer, H-dimer, and separated "H-dimer", thus enabling the construction of multicolor luminescent materials in an aqueous solution.

Curcumol promotes ferroptosis of colon cancer by targeting the ubiquitination and degradation of GPX4.

Background And Aim: Colon cancer (CC) is one of the common malignant tumors in the digestive tract, the prognosis of CC patients has never been satisfying. A Ferrous-dependent form that regulates cell death, plays a key role in cancer development. As a core regulator of ferroptosis, GPX4 has become a potential molecular target for the development of antitumor drugs.

Supramolecular prodrug inspiried by the herbal pair alleviated inflammatory diseases by inhibiting pyroptosis.

Sustained inflammatory responses are closely related to various severe diseases, and inhibiting the excessive activation of inflammasomes and pyroptosis has significant implications for clinical treatment. Natural products have garnered considerable concern for the treatment of inflammation. Huanglian-Wumei decoction (HLWMD) is a classic prescription used for treating inflammatory diseases, but the necessity of their combination and the exact underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism have not yet been elucidated.

A deep-learning model for predicting tyrosine kinase inhibitor response from histology in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Over 90% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harbor mutations in KIT or PDGFRA that can predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, as recommended by NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines. However, gene sequencing for mutation testing is expensive and time-consuming and is susceptible to a variety of preanalytical factors. To overcome the challenges associated with genetic screening by sequencing, in the current study we developed an artificial intelligence-based deep-learning （DL） model that uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) to analyze digitized hematoxylin and eosin staining in tumor histological sections to predict potential response to imatinib or avapritinib treatment in GIST patients.

Comparison of face-to-face teaching and online teaching in neurosurgery education for medical students.

Objective: Online teaching has been confirmed as an effective method for maintaining educational quality in many courses. However, it remains unclear whether the teaching effectiveness of face-to-face teaching can be achieved in neurosurgery clinical courses. In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of online teaching on neurosurgery by comparing it with traditional face-to-face teaching and investigating the students' willingness to engage with online teaching, as well as their evaluations of this mode of teaching.

Weakly supervised multi-modal contrastive learning framework for predicting the HER2 scores in breast cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker for prognosis and prediction of treatment response in breast cancer (BC). HER2 scoring is typically evaluated by pathologist microscopic observation on immunohistochemistry (IHC) images, which is labor-intensive and results in observational biases among different pathologists. Most existing methods generally use hand-crafted features or deep learning models in unimodal (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or IHC) to predict HER2 scores through supervised or weakly supervised learning.

Curcumol promotes immune cell invasion and inhibits angiogenesis in colon cancer by decreasing IGF2BP3 expression.

The study investigates the potential mechanisms by which curcumol exerts colon anti-cancer effects through angiogenesis and immune infiltration. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found abnormal levels of IGF2BP3 in both paraneoplastic and colon cancer tissues. Firstly, in vivo experiments were conducted to detect the colon anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic effects of curcumol.

Using monitoring and simulation to analyze the failure characteristics of multizone landslides controlled by faults: a case study.

Slopes influenced by multiple faults are prone to large-scale landslides triggered by multi-regional failures. Understanding the failure process and sequence is essential for the sustainable development of mining operations. This paper presents a method combining InSAR monitoring and numerical simulation to analyze the failure processes of slopes affected by multiple faults.

Network pharmacology alliance with experimental validation unveils the anti-colorectal cancer mechanism of Xianlian Jiedu decoction.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Xianlian Jiedu Decoction (XLJDD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction, which is effective in clinical treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of its action have not been explored yet.

Aims Of The Study: To investigate the potential functional components and possible mechanism of XLJDD in anti-CRC.

Targeting MAPK14 by Lobeline Upregulates Slurp1-Mediated Inhibition of Alternative Activation of TAM and Retards Colorectal Cancer Growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby hindering immunotherapy response. Effective treatment options remain elusive. Using scRNA-seq analysis in a tumor-bearing murine model, it is found that lobeline, an alkaloid from the herbal medicine lobelia, promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1-like TAMs while inhibiting their polarization toward M2-like TAMs.

Rnd3 Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiac Microvascular Injury via Facilitating Trim40-Mediated Rock1 Ubiquitination.

Impaired cardiac microvascular function is a significant contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Rnd3 expression is notably downregulated in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells under diabetic conditions. Rnd3 overexpression mitigates diabetic myocardial microvascular injury and improves cardiac function through the Rock1/myosin light chain signaling pathway.