Fitness costs and resistance mechanisms to indoxacarb in a near-isogenic strain of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua has developed resistance to the commonly used insecticide indoxacarb. Understanding fitness costs and resistance mechanisms to indoxacarb in S. exigua is essential for developing effective field resistance management strategies.

Thioxanthone Skeleton-Based One-Component Macro-Photoinitiator Reduces Oxygen Inhibition and Migration Through Cooperative Effect.

The oxygen inhibition and migration of micromolecules which stem from photoinitiators (PIs) remain two critical challenges to address in radical photocuring. In this work, we reported a one-step ternary copolymerization strategy to construct a one-component macromolecular photoinitiator (PPI) using polymerizable thioxanthone (TX), amine (N), and fluorinated alkane (F) as monomers. Then, we utilize the low surface energy of F unit and macromolecular skeleton to reduce oxygen inhibition and migration.

Quantifying heavy metal concentrations in industrial-transitional zone soils via integrated XRF and VIS-NIR spectroscopy.

Some suburbs urgently need to investigate soil heavy metal contamination to ensure a clean environment. Compared to traditional monitoring methods, XRF and VIS-NIR spectroscopy offer advantages such as rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly analysis. In this study, we developed multiple estimation models for Cd and As content, evaluated the impact of different spectral preprocessing methods on model accuracy, and analyzed the distribution characteristics and for the feature wavelengths selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS).

Microbial Lipopolysaccharide Regulates Host Development Through Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the defining outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent immunostimulant recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). While extensively studied for its roles in immune activation and barrier disruption, the potential function of LPS as a developmental cue remains largely unexplored. By leveraging and its genetic and gnotobiotic advantages, we screened a panel of LPS biosynthesis mutants.

Piezoelectric-driven self-powered sensor with tunable plasmonic hotspots for enhanced SERS performance.

Electrically Modulated Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E-SERS) technology can effectively increase Raman signal intensity. Compared with conventional E-SERS, self-powered E-SERS sensors provide an electric field through energy conversion, which reduces the dependence on external power sources and thus facilitates the development of portable real sample detection. Herein, high-performance piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) with dopamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO@PDA) was embedded into a polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) matrix, which was innovatively used for E-SERS technology.

Integrated chemometrics and biological validation assay to identify α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as key anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in Aucklandiae Radix.

Auckland Radix (AR), the dried root of Aucklandia lappa Decne, can alleviate pain and relieve spleen depression. These pharmacological effects may originate from its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but studies on the relationships between its chemical composition and bioactivities are limited. This study seeks to explore the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant active components of AR by employing a combined chemometric analysis and biological validation assay.

Identification of the exposure pathway to micro-scaled biogenic silica debris via diet and its potential effect in promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has remained highly prevalent for decades in certain regions, such as the Taihang Mountains in China, though its etiology remains unclear. The previous study unveiled silica fragments in resected ESCC tissues in this region, raising a hypothesis about their relationship with ESCC. Yet, the exposure pathway of these silica fragments and their role in the high incidence of ESCC remain unclear.

Protocol for constructing asymmetric triple-atoms supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via atomic layer deposition.

The precise construction of highly efficient triple-atom catalysts (TACs) remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a protocol for constructing asymmetric Pt-Ru-Co triple-atoms (TAs) supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) via selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. We describe steps for synthesizing the NCNT substrate, deposition of Pt-Ru-Co TAs, and characterizing the materials.

Coptisine activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor to regulate colonic epithelial homeostasis in DSS induced ulcerative colitis and TNF-α challenged intestinal organoids.

Background: Coptisine is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis Chinensis, exhibiting significant pharmacological potential. Emerging evidence suggests its therapeutic efficacy in gastrointestinal disorders through modulating inflammation and maintaining gut homeostasis.

Purpose: The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying coptisine mediated restoration of intestinal barrier integrity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and TNF-α challenged intestinal organoids.

Multicenter Histology Image Integration and Multiscale Deep Learning for Machine Learning-Enabled Pediatric Sarcoma Classification.

Pediatric sarcomas present diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and diverse subtypes, often requiring specialized pathology expertise and costly genetic tests. To overcome these barriers, we developed a computational pipeline leveraging deep learning methods to accurately classify pediatric sarcoma subtypes from digitized histology slides. To ensure classifier generalizability and minimize center-specific artifacts, we collected and harmonized a dataset comprising 867 whole slide images (WSIs) from three medical centers and the Children's Oncology Group (COG).

Research and analysis of an enhanced genetic algorithm identification method based on the LuGre model.

Nonlinear friction in high-precision, ultra-low-speed servo systems severely degrades performance, causing low-speed crawling, static errors, and limit-cycle oscillations. This study introduces the LuGre friction model to describe these phenomena mathematically and proposes an improved genetic algorithm (GA) for precise parameter identification. Simulations demonstrate that LuGre-based feedforward compensation outperforms conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, effectively mitigating speed tracking errors and enhancing both speed and position accuracy.

Pollution risk assessment and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils using the APCS-MLR model: a case study near a non-ferrous metal smelting slag site in Gejiu, Yunnan.

Industrial development has caused significant environmental damage, especially through potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution. Combining pollution indices, health risk assessment, spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I), and receptor modeling (APCS/MLR), this study quantified sources and risks of heavy metals in smelting-adjacent farmland soils, facilitating targeted PTE pollution mitigation. Soil analysis revealed significantly elevated mean concentrations of As (326 mg/kg), Cd (23 mg/kg), Cr (104 mg/kg), Cu (106 mg/kg), Ni (73 mg/kg), Pb (274 mg/kg), and Zn (660 mg/kg), all exceeding Yunnan provincial background values.

Polysaccharides Exert Antiviral Effect Through Activating Immune Function in a Macrophage Model of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a common viral disease in cattle that causes huge economic losses in naïve herds that are introduced to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Currently, there are no available anti-BVDV drugs due to the variety and mutability of strains; therefore, developing new anti-BVDV drugs is of great significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-BVDV effects and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides (CPPs) in BVDV-infected bovine macrophage (BoMac) cells.

Integrated irrigation of water and fertilizer with superior self-correcting fuzzy PID control system.

To address the fixed-parameter limitations of traditional PID control (e.g., excessive overshoot, prolonged settling time, poor adaptability to nonlinearities) and the insufficient real-time adjustment capability of conventional fuzzy PID control, which relies on empirically predefined rule bases, this study proposes a self-correcting fuzzy PID control strategy for agricultural water-fertilizer integrated systems.

Pan-cancer analysis of phagocytosis regulators in female-specific cancers: a focus on HMGB2.

Introduction: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, regulating immune escape and promoting cancer progression. Understanding the role of phagocytosis regulators in female-specific cancers is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Methods: We performed comprehensive analyses of public databases to evaluate the expression, somatic mutations, and copy number variations of phagocytosis regulators.

Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Manipulation of Topological States in Two-Dimensional Multiferroic van der Waals Heterostructures.

Multiferroic materials, including tunable ferrovalley characteristics and band topology, enabled by ferroelectric control at the nanoscale, possess significant potential for technology advances in next-generation magnetoelectric and spintronic applications. However, the realization of this fascinating multifunctionality in nanoscale systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy remains unexplored. Here, we propose a class of van der Waals multiferroic heterostructures comprising ferromagnetic, ferrovalley, and ferroelectric layers that exhibit switchable topological states in response to ferroelectric polarization.

Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal mixture extracts enhances growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota function in calves.

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal mixture extracts (CHE) on growth performance, Immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota composition in dairy calves. CHE is a compound extracts powder composed of , and . Forty calves were randomly assigned to four groups: basal diet (CON), basal diet + 0.

A cerium nanocluster for effective alleviation of inflammatory bowel disease by scavenging RONS and regulating gut microbiome.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) within the pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Conventional treatments often have serious side effects, making IBD management challenging. Here, a new cerium cluster, Ce12, with a formula of [Ce( -O)( -OH)( -OH)(ADA)]∙3HO∙3CHCN (ADA = 1-adamantanecarboxylate) was prepared and capped with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) through self-assembly process involving the adamantane moiety of Ce12 and β-CD, resulting in Ce12@CD nanoparticles (NPs).

Scutellaria baicalensis Extracts Restrict Intestinal Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis by Regulating Lipid Peroxidation and GPX4/ACSL4 in Colitis.

Background: Ferroptosis in colonic epithelial cells has been implicated in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and the accompanying gut leakage. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scu) is widely used herb medicine for alleviating UC.

Purpose: We aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect of Scu on UC by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell ferroptosis and explore its regulatory mechanisms on lipid peroxidation and the GPX4/ACSL4 pathways.

Effects of Cordyceps militaris solid medium on the growth performance, immunity parameters and intestinal health of broilers.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Cordyceps militaris solid medium (CMM) on the growth performance, immunity parameters, intestinal health and gut microbiota of broilers.

Methods: A total of 320 male broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups, consisting of 8 replicates and 10 birds per replication. The broilers were fed diets comprising the Control group, 0.

Linalool as a potential agent for inhibiting Escherichia coli biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common pathogens causing endometritis in dairy cows. The presence of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and biofilm formation are important factors contributing to bacterial resistance, which poses a significant challenge to the treatment of endometritis in dairy cows.

Field-Free Perpendicular Magnetization Switching Through Topological Surface State in Type-II Dirac Semimetal PtSn.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by current is a promising approach for electrical manipulation of magnetization in advancing next-generation memory and logic technologies. Conventional SOT-driven perpendicular magnetization switching typically requires an external magnetic field for symmetry breaking, limiting practical applications. Recent research has focused on achieving field-free switching through out-of-plane SOT, with the key challenge being the exploration of new spin source materials that can generate z-polarized spins with high charge-to-spin conversion efficiency, structural simplicity, and scalability for large-scale production.

Orbital Angular Momentum Correlated Charge to Spin Conversion in Metallic Antiferromagnet.

Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) allows efficient electrical manipulation on magnetization in spintronic devices. Maximizing the SOT efficiency is a key goal that is pursued via increasing the net spin generation and accumulation. However, spin transport in antiferromagnets is seriously restricted due to the strong antiferromagnetic coupling, which blocks the development of antiferromagnetic-based devices.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of the Polysaccharides from Fermented .

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polysaccharides from fermented (FAPS) and to investigate the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the extracted polysaccharides. Using a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology based on a Box-Behnken design, we improved the extraction of crude FAPS without deproteinization. Under optimal conditions (50 °C, 60 min, 8 mL/g, 480 W), the yield of crude FAPS obtained by UAE (7.