Steering CO Electroreduction Pathway via Tuning Microenvironment of Cobalt Center in Molecular Catalysts.

Owing to its chemical stability and molecular-level structural tunability, the molecular electrocatalyst cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) demonstrates significant potential for the electrochemical reduction of CO (CORR). However, the specific catalytic reaction process of CORR and the dynamic structural evolution mechanisms of CoPc remain a contentious subject. Elucidating the reaction pathways of CO electroreduction to CO and tracking structural evolution pose substantial challenges.

A Study of Localized Spontaneous Activity Changes in Cerebral White Matter in Adolescent Smoking Addiction.

Introduction: Previous research has primarily concentrated on alterations in spontaneous brain activity within the gray matter of young smokers; however, the influence of nicotine addiction on spontaneous brain activity in the white matter was unknown.

Methods: The current study encompassed 45 male smokers and 45 male non-smokers. Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (ALFF) analyses were applied to examine regional neural activity in the white matter.

Crosslinking polymer based on amino chitosan for the adsorption of phenoxycarboxylic acids: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics.

In this work, new crosslinking polymer adsorbents were synthesized based on amino chitosan. Crosslinked amino chitosan (CNCS) was characterized by porous structure, high specific surface area (23.49 m/g), and multiple amino groups.

A novel 3DOM Pt/MeO-SiO catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs.

In this work, we utilized three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) SiO and non-noble metal oxides (CeO, CoO and MnO) to confine highly dispersed Pt species. The 3DOM Pt/MeO-SiO catalyst was used for the catalytic oxidation of benzene to evaluate its catalytic activity, long-term thermal stability, sulfur resistance, and water resistance. The results verified that the 3DOM Pt/CeO-SiO catalyst had superior activity ( = 210 °C) and strong sulfur resistance (10 ppm).

Synthesis and characterization of selenourea-functionalized chitosan derivatives with enhanced antioxidant activity.

Selenium, an essential micronutrient for human health, has garnered significant interest owing to its multifaceted biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. In this study, 14 novel chitosan derivatives bearing selenourea groups were synthesized by incorporating selenium into chitosan via nucleophilic substitution reactions. Structural confirmation was achieved through FTIR, H NMR, and ICP-MS analyses, confirming successful selenium incorporation.

Beyond 50 Gbps 100 m visible light laser communication single-transmitter-multi-receiver system utilizing triple branch neural network.

In the forthcoming 6 G communication era, traditional electromagnetic spectra are increasingly inadequate to meet growing demands. Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology offers a promising high-speed solution due to its flexible deployment and cost-effectiveness. However, long-distance VLC applications are challenged by factors such as atmospheric turbulence and nonlinear distortions.

Numerical and Mechanical Analysis of Direct Wafer Bonding Considering Non-Uniform Impurity Particle Distributions.

Direct wafer bonding allows polished semiconductor wafers to be joined together without the use of a binder. It has a wide range of applications in integrated circuit fabrication, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) packaging and multifunctional chip integration. Chip deflection and strain energy can be used to assess the bonding quality, and impurities have an important effect on the bonding quality.

Multimodal reasoning agent for enhanced ophthalmic decision-making: a preliminary real-world clinical validation.

Although large language models (LLMs) show significant potential in clinical practice, accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in ophthalmology require multimodal integration of imaging, clinical history, and guideline-based knowledge. Current LLMs predominantly focus on unimodal language tasks and face limitations in specialized ophthalmic diagnosis due to domain knowledge gaps, hallucination risks, and inadequate alignment with clinical workflows. This study introduces a structured reasoning agent (ReasonAgent) that integrates a multimodal visual analysis module, a knowledge retrieval module, and a diagnostic reasoning module to address the limitations of current AI systems in ophthalmic decision-making.

Charge compensation endows KNa(NH)VO·0.63HO cathode with tunable lattice strain for efficient Zn storage.

The major challenges in using NHVO as a cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are its unsatisfactory structural stability and carrier migration coefficient due to the accumulated lattice strain during cycling. Herein, we developed a KNa(NH)VO·0.63HO (NaKNVOH) cathode to achieve a continuous contribution of cathode structure for Zn storage at both low and high current density.

The Biased Reaction and Higher Cortical Coherence Under Smoking Cue in Young Smokers.

Introduction: Nicotine addiction is a widespread problem globally, causing millions of deaths and illnesses every year. People who start smoking at a young age are more likely to become addicted to nicotine. The cue-induced craving paradigm is used to study the nervous system related to nicotine dependence.

A Quasi Solid-State Hydrogel/InGaN Nanorod Heterostructure-Enabled Amphibious Sensor for Stable and Cross-Medium Optical Sensing and Monitoring.

The wearable optoelectronic systems, often employed with miniaturized and portable photosensors, can be conformably integrated with the human body to promote the advancement of health monitoring and protection. However, developing advanced photosensors with a simple structure that can be sustainable with high sensitivity in different operation conditions, e.g.

Unraveling APOE4: The dual role in CNS and peripheral inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Inflammation in both CNS and peripheral circulation system is known to have a significant impact in AD pathogenesis. In the CNS, AD-related inflammation involves the activation of various types of immune cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and T cells. Meanwhile, one of the hallmarks of peripheral circulation inflammation in AD is activation of T cells.

Deletion of p18 enhances both osteogenesis and hematopoietic supportive capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: p18 (CDKN2C, encoded by p18 or Cdkn2c) is an early G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein. Previous studies demonstrated enhanced self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in p18 mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Given the critical role of bone marrow niche cells-particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-in hematopoiesis, this study investigated the functional alterations of p18 MSCs and their impact on hematopoietic support.

The PARP1-EXD2 axis orchestrates R-loop resolution to safeguard genome stability.

R-loops, comprising an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA, are dynamic three-stranded nucleic acid structures that, when dysregulated, can disrupt transcription and replication, undermining genome integrity and contributing to human pathologies. Here we identify exonuclease 3'-5' domain-containing 2 (EXD2) as a pivotal R-loop resolvase. We demonstrate that EXD2, through direct interaction with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers synthesized by R-loop-bound and activated PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1), is recruited to R-loops, where it undergoes acetylation by the acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein at K416.

Diagnostic performance of pre-procedure endoscopic biopsies in predicting the histology of gastric lesions undergoing ESD.

Gastric cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a minimally invasive procedure that has become the gold standard for early-stage gastric cancer management, demonstrates both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. With advancing ESD techniques and expanded clinical applications, discrepancies between preoperative biopsy findings and post-resection pathology evaluations have become increasingly evident in clinical practice.

How Faithful Flt3-Cre Mouse is to Hematopoietic Lineage Tracing?

Flt3 gene expression is known to occur at a specific development stage of hematopoiesis in mice. Flt3-Cre reporter mice have been utilized in lineage tracing studies. This review systematically evaluates different Flt3-Cre reporter constructs, focusing on labeling efficiency and consistency with endogenous Flt3 expression patterns.

Photoreceptor cone loss is associated with decreased deep retinal vessel density and impaired retinal sensitivity in high myopia.

Purpose: To assess alterations in cone morphology, retinal sublayer thicknesses and vessel densities (VDs) in eyes with non-pathological high myopia (HM) and their correlation with retinal sensitivity (RS).

Methods: This prospective study included 43 patients with non-pathological HM and 38 age-matched healthy volunteers. Participants underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluations.

The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid.

Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, but the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. We showed that the physical contact and crowding treatment caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid . RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that the expression of brain () and embryonic () were increased by physical contact and crowding treatments.

Covalent Bridges in Bi Loaded BiVO Enabling Rapid Charge Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation.

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO) is known as one of the most potential candidates in photocatalytic water oxidation for supplying oxygen in extreme environment. However, its photocatalytic oxygen evolution is hindered by the rapid photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency. Herein, plasmonic bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles loaded BiVO is prepared for photocatalytic water oxidation.

Electroencephalography microstates predict 12-h abstinence-induced craving changes in young smokers.

Nicotine abstinence inhibits the function of the mesolimbic dopamine system to enhance craving. EEG microstates may provide spatiotemporal characteristics of global brain neuronal activity. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and spatial topography of microstates in young smokers after abstinence.

Wearable Wireless Patch with Unidirectional Microfluidic Chamber for Enzyme-Free Glucose Monitoring in Sweat.

Conventional glucose sensors based on biological enzymes are prone to interference in complex environments, particularly for wearable sweat monitoring. Although synthetic nanozymes exhibit higher stability, they often require highly alkaline conditions to achieve optimal performance, limiting their application in wearable devices. To address this challenge, this study presents a novel enzyme-free wearable wireless patch capable of real time, in situ monitoring of glucose concentrations in sweat.