An HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide provides robust post-exposure prophylaxis and prevents viral reservoir seeding in macaques.

LP-98 is a lipopeptide HIV fusion inhibitor showing strong treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacies in non-human primates. In this study, we further characterized its pharmacokinetics, long-lasting antiviral activity, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) efficacy using 62 macaques. In cynomolgus macaques, LP-98 achieved high concentrations (C) with a half-life (T) of ∼31 h, and sustained an effective therapeutic concentration for two weeks post-injection.

Nanomedicine Reimagined: Translational Strategies for Precision Tumor Theranostics.

Nanomedicine has shown remarkable promise in advancing tumor imaging and therapy through its ability to achieve targeted delivery, precision imaging, and therapeutic efficacy. However, translating these preclinical successes into clinical practice remains fraught with challenges, including inconsistent tumor targeting, off-target organ accumulation, and a lack of comprehensive understanding of in vivo behavior of nanomedicines. In this perspective, the current state of nanomedicine research is critically analyzed, emphasizing the translational bottlenecks and offering a forward-looking view on potential solutions.

Serum metabolomic characteristics and their predictive value for ninety-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by severe metabolic disturbances; however, the specific metabolomic features and their predictive value on 90-day prognosis remain unclear.

Aim: To identify serum metabolomic changes in patients with ACLF with different prognoses to support clinical prediction of outcomes and treatment decisions.

Methods: This non-interventional, observational case-control study enrolled 58 patients with ACLF.

The relationship between nursing students' psychological capital and occupational stigma in the Chinese context: A potential profiling analysis.

Aims: The aim of the present study is to analyse latent profiles of psychological capital and the demographic characteristics of undergraduate nursing students and to explore the relationship between each category and their awareness of occupational stigma.

Background: The conventional external view of nurses and a lack of a sense of professional identity may cause nursing students to leave the field. The psychological qualities of nursing students and how they relate to professional stigma must be studied to eliminate professional stigma through positive psychology.

CRISPR/Cas13a triggered-DNA walker amplified SERS sensor for ultrasensitive detection of cancer-related exosomal miRNA.

Accurate quantification of cancer-related miRNA in exosomes offers a promising approach for early and effective cancer diagnosis. However, reliably detecting extremely low-abundance exosomal miRNAs in complex bodily fluids remains a significant challenge. Herein, a CRISPR/Cas13a triggered-DNA walker amplified SERS sensor has been proposed for detection of cancer cell-derived exosomal miRNA-106a.

Enabling high-energy-density and long-life lithium-ion batteries through bifunctional cathode prelithiation.

Lithium-ion batteries incorporating Si-based anodes and nickel-rich LiNiCoMnO (NCM) cathodes offer exceptional energy density compared to conventional systems. However, they still suffer from two critical challenges: irreversible lithium loss at the anode and interfacial degradation at the cathode. To simultaneously resolve both issues, we propose a bifunctional prelithiation strategy using a novel LiAlO (LAO) material, which has remained unexplored due to sluggish delithiation kinetics and poorly understood lithium extraction mechanisms.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial: efficacy and mechanisms of dual-target anodal tDCS in post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) significantly hinders functional recovery and quality of life in stroke survivors. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique to improve cognitive function, conventional single-target tDCS approaches often yield inconsistent outcomes across cognitive domains.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the efficacy and underlying neural mechanisms of dual-target anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) in individuals with PSCI.

FOXQ1 Regulates Brain Endothelial Mitochondrial Function by Orchestrating Calcium Signaling and Cristae Morphology.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis through specialized functions including tight junction formation and selective transport of brain endothelial cells (ECs). While ECs are generally thought to rely primarily on glycolysis for energy production, the transcriptional mechanisms underlying their metabolic specialization in the brain endothelium remain poorly understood, especially considering the brain's extraordinary energy demands. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, it is demonstrated that brain endothelial cells are enriched for mitochondrial function genes, with forkhead box protein 1 (FOXQ1) being selectively expressed in cerebral vasculature.

The Role of Senolytics in Osteoporosis.

Cellular senescence is a fundamental contributor to numerous dysfunctions and degenerative diseases, including osteoporosis. In genetically modified and preclinical animal models, therapeutic strategies targeting persistent senescent cells have been shown to delay and prevent osteoporosis. Senolytics are a class of drugs or compounds designed to selectively eliminate senescent cells without adversely affecting normal cells.

Unraveling the Clinical Landscape of RNA Modification Regulators with Multi-Omics Insights in Pan-Cancer.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with RNA modifications increasingly recognized as key regulators of tumor progression. However, integrated pan-cancer analyses across multiple modification types are limited. We performed a comprehensive analysis of 170 RNA modification-related genes across 33 cancer types, uncovering diverse expression, mutation, and epigenetic patterns.

Structurally conserved human anti-A35 antibodies protect mice and macaques from mpox virus infection.

The A35 protein, expressed on the enveloped virion of monkeypox (mpox) virus (MPXV), is essential for viral infection and spread within the host, making it an effective antiviral target. In this study, we demonstrated two human anti-A35 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) displayed potential protection against MPXV in CAST/EiJ mice and rhesus macaques. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined two high-resolution structures of the A35 dimer in complex with the fragment of antigen binding of mAb 975 or mAb 981, revealing detailed interactions at the antigen-antibody interfaces.

A mouse model for hemoglobin SC disease recapitulates characteristic human pathologies.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common, life-threatening group of disorders caused by missense mutations in the b-globin gene (HBB). Mouse models have helped to elucidate the most common form of SCD (HbSS, homozygous p.Glu6Val) and develop new therapies.

Fe-flavonoid nanozyme as dual modulator of oxidative stress and autophagy for acute kidney injury repair.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), marked by a high mortality rate, remains a significant clinical challenge owing to limited therapeutic options. Oxidative stress is a key driver of AKI pathogenesis, underscoring the urgent need for innovative interventions. Recent advances demonstrate the potential of reshaping the oxidative stress microenvironment and activating intracellular autophagy to facilitate tissue repair.

A model for simulating the 3D quadrangular rotary braiding process.

3D quadrangular rotary braiding is one vital technique of high efficiency and flexibility to manufacture preforms for composites. However, the use of this technique is limited to fabricating a few traditional braided fabric structures, which is attributed to the lack of knowledge of its process. Therefore, a model is proposed to simulate the braiding process so as to develop new processes and corresponding fabric structures.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Cages with Different Sized Windows: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the subsidence rates of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages with different window sizes.

Summary Of Background Data: PEEK cages used for ACDF procedures typically come with windows designed for filling with bone graft material.

Evolution of polycystic ovary syndrome and related infertility in women of child-bearing age: A global burden of disease study 2021 analysis.

Background: Understanding the epidemiological trends of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related-infertility among women of childbearing age (WCBA) is crucial for developing effective public health strategies. This study aims to analyze epidemiological trends of PCOS and related infertility among WCBA using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021.

Methods: Using GBD Study 2021, this study examined trends of PCOS and related infertility among WCBA across global, age, regional, national, and socio-demographic index (SDI) levels from 1990 to 2021, and projected the prevalence to 2050.

Predictive efficacy of phantom-less calibration of computed tomography for cage subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Purpose: Cage subsidence is a common complication after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, the predictive accuracy of conventional Hounsfield units (HU) for subsidence varies across studies. We aimed to develop a simple, phantom-less calibrated method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using preoperative cervical computed tomography (CT) and compared its predictive efficacy for cage subsidence with HU values.

CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) based sarcopenia has been linked to postoperative complications in various surgeries. Although the associations between sarcopenia and femoral neck fractures (FNF) have received considerable attention, the relationship between sarcopenia and blood transfusions after hip arthroplasty in FNF patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CT-based sarcopenia and blood transfusions in elderly FNF patients after hip arthroplasty.

The Evolution and Recent Advances in Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare cytokine-driven disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and altered lymph node microscopic architecture. Over the past decade, diagnostic criteria have evolved significantly, integrating clinical, histopathological, and molecular biomarker advancements. Key drivers of iMCD pathogenesis, such as interleukin-6 dysregulation and other dysfunctional cytokine signaling, have been identified and led to the development of targeted therapies like siltuximab and tocilizumab.

Correction: Optineurin overexpression ameliorates neurodegeneration through regulating neuroinflammation and mitochondrial quality in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.

Genome-wide Genetic Mutations Accumulated in Pigs Genome-edited for Xenotransplantation and Their Filial Generation.

Although xenotransplantation has been revolutionized by the development of genome-edited pigs, it is still unknown whether these pigs and their offspring remain genomically stable. Here, we show that GGTA1-knockout (GTKO) pigs accumulated an average of 1205 genome-wide genetic mutations, and their filial 1 (F1) offspring contained an average of 18 de novo mutations compared with wild-type controls and their parents. The majority of mutations were in regions annotated as intergenic regions, without altering protein functions, and were not located at predicted off-target mutation sites.

Genetic rare disease prevention and control: Family-based screening and reproductive interventions in Changsha.

Rare diseases pose a significant public health challenge, particularly in underserved regions such as China, where genomic diagnostic services and post-diagnosis management remain limited. This study assessed the effectiveness of a rare disease screening program in Changsha, China, which enrolled 85,391 couples between January 2022 and June 2023. Among these participants were 1,414 suspected high-risk couples undergoing genetic testing, with 562 found to be at high risk of having a child with a rare disease, yielding a positive rate of 39.

Real-Time Monitoring of DNA Adsorption on Silica Surfaces without Pretreatment Based on Quantum Weak Measurement.

Real-time, label-free DNA sensing is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. In particular, monitoring DNA binding at silica surfaces is crucial for advancing biophysical research and developing diagnostic technologies. However, conventional methods are often limited by labeling interference and complex surface processing, which impede the accurate detection of DNA in its native state.

Nitrate input enriched the antibiotic resistance genes in lake sediments by shaping co-host community and promoting horizontal gene transfer.

The impact of various non-antibiotic factors on antibiotic resistance has garnered widespread attention. However, there has been little investigation into whether the coexistence of nutrients with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems contributes to the increasing abundance of ARGs. We employed a microcosm experiment and metagenomic analysis to investigate the impact of nitrate on ARG profiles in lake sediments.

TLR4al senses heme as a key damage/danger-associated molecular pattern to activate immune responses in lower vertebrates.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a critical pattern recognition receptor, detects microbe- and damage/danger-associated molecular patterns to trigger immune responses in mammals. However, the functions and mechanisms remain largely unclear in lower vertebrates. This study systematically investigates the evolutionary divergence, subcellular localization and ligand of TLR4 in lower vertebrates by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a model species.