Urban soil health improves with green infrastructure and reduced pathogen risks.

Urban land-use change significantly alters soil microbial communities, with consequences for ecosystem functionality and public health. However, the ecological and health-related outcomes of converting cropland into urban green infrastructure remain poorly characterized. In this study, we examined how three land-use types, afforestation, constructed wetlands, and urban infrastructure, affect soil bacterial diversity, community assembly, and pathogen risk over a three-year period (2019-2023).

G protein-coupled receptor-related genes matrix metallopeptidase 9 and tachykinin precursor 1 promote osteoarthritis progression and influence the immune microenvironment.

Background: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is an important class of membrane protein receptors that regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, pain, and cartilage metabolism, through G protein-mediated signaling. In recent years, the role of GPCR in osteoarthritis (OA) has gradually gained attention, but the mechanism of their effect on OA has not been fully explored.

Methods: We obtained five datasets containing OA and control samples, GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE51588, GSE82107, and GSE169077, from the GEO database.

Visual Word Segmentation Cues in Tibetan Reading: Comparing Dictionary-Based and Psychological Word Segmentation.

This study utilized eye-tracking technology to explore the role of visual word segmentation cues in Tibetan reading, with a particular focus on the effects of dictionary-based and psychological word segmentation on reading and lexical recognition. The experiment employed a 2 × 3 design, comparing six conditions: normal sentences, dictionary word segmentation (spaces), psychological word segmentation (spaces), normal sentences (green), dictionary word segmentation (color alternation), and psychological word segmentation (color alternation). The results revealed that word segmentation with spaces (whether dictionary-based or psychological) significantly improved reading efficiency and lexical recognition, whereas color alternation showed no substantial facilitative effect.

De novo design of light-responsive protein-protein interactions enables reversible formation of protein assemblies.

Light-responsive proteins play an essential role in all domains of life by sensing and responding to environmental light signals. However, the de novo design of light-responsive proteins with precisely defined structures and reversible responsive behaviours is an unmet challenge. Here we describe a computational approach to design protein-protein interactions regulated by non-canonical amino acids, focusing on the light-responsive phenylalanine-4'-azobenzene (AzoF).

A Mn-O-Ce interface-engineered nanozyme platform for visual stratified exosome screening of lung cancer: Toward primary care application.

The development of portable exosome detection platforms is crucial for noninvasive early diagnosis of lung cancer, particularly in resource-limited settings. Herein, we engineered a paper-based colorimetric biosensor utilizing a MnO/CeO heterojunction nanozyme for visual quantification of plasma exosomes. The heterojunction synergistically integrates the high surface area of CeO (45.

Knowledge-distilled swin transformer for efficient vibration artifact removal in SEM imaging.

This study addresses the challenge of removing vibration-induced horizontal stripe artifacts in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, which degrade image fidelity and compromise quantitative analysis. The main contribution lies in the development of SwinIR-KD, a computationally efficient image restoration framework. This framework synergistically integrates the Swin Transformer architecture with knowledge distillation and a novel Horizontal Stripe Suppress Loss.

Real-Time Monitoring of DNA Adsorption on Silica Surfaces without Pretreatment Based on Quantum Weak Measurement.

Real-time, label-free DNA sensing is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. In particular, monitoring DNA binding at silica surfaces is crucial for advancing biophysical research and developing diagnostic technologies. However, conventional methods are often limited by labeling interference and complex surface processing, which impede the accurate detection of DNA in its native state.

Transcriptomic landscape and chromatin accessibility uncover pivotal regulators driving programmed larval-larval molting in the domesticated silkworm.

Insects undergo periodic ecdysis to shed their old chitinous exoskeleton and form a new cuticular layer. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is widely recognized as a central regulator of insect molting. Acting as a signaling molecule, 20E pulses orchestrate gene expression in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion.

3-Hydroxydecanoic Acid: A Natural Growth Regulator for Optimizing Wheat Development and Yield by Modulating Auxin and Gibberellin Pathways.

This study investigated the effect of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3-HDA), a natural microbial-derived compound, on growth and yield of wheat ( L.). Application of 3-HDA at 53 μM significantly enhanced seedling development, including increases in root length, fresh weight, and stem diameter.

Fano-resonant electric field sensor based on the thin film lithium niobate micro-ring with enhanced sensitivity.

Electric field sensing is vital for applications ranging from telecommunications to biomedical diagnostics, where high sensitivity and compact form factors are increasingly demanded. Traditional photonic integrated electric field sensors, despite leveraging electro-optic effects, often enhance sensitivity by enlarging interaction regions or complex optoelectronic circuits, compromising device scalability and footprint. Here, we demonstrate an electric field sensor on a lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform that enhances sensitivity by leveraging Fano resonance.

Formation and mechanism of multiple peak hot images induced by the cascade effect of nonlinear frequency conversion and self-focusing.

In high-power laser systems, optical component damage in the final optics system remains a critical factor limiting output capability. One of the primary causes of this damage is the nonlinear enhancement of the optical field, particularly the hot-image effect. The hot image effect is formed downstream due to the interaction between diffracted light from a defect and background light in a nonlinear self-focusing medium.

Knife-edge lateral scanning method for automated measurement of wavefront power spectral density.

In high-power laser systems, mid- to high-frequency errors in optical elements can significantly degrade beam quality, potentially leading to filamentation, which increases the risk of damage to optical components and reduces system efficiency. Power spectral density (PSD) is a critical metric for assessing surface wavefront errors in optical elements. The PSD of the components was ensured through iterative processing and measurements.

A Flexible, Lightweight, and High-Performance Supercapacitor Made of Nanofibrous Polypyrrole Electrodes.

High-performance and lightweight supercapacitors are in high demand in personal electronics and electric vehicles. In this work, the pseudocapacitance of a metal-free symmetric supercapacitor made of polypyrrole (PPy) membrane electrodes and a gel electrolyte containing 3% poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dissolved in 1 M sulfuric acid (PVA-HSO) was investigated. It was observed that the soft PPy membrane synthesized through docusate sodium and methyl orange-assisted interfacial polymerization (PPy-AOT) had a unique nanofibrous structure throughout the thickness of 1 mm.

Deciphering the miRNA-mRNA Interaction Network Regulating Aging Skeletal Muscle in Various Exercise Regimens through Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis.

Understanding the impact of different exercise types on skeletal muscle atrophy in older adults is crucial for designing effective strategies to combat age-related muscle loss. This study explores the molecular mechanisms through which resistance exercise (RES) and endurance exercise (END) mitigate skeletal muscle atrophy. By examining microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles from aging skeletal muscle datasets (GSE165632) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the research aims to uncover exercise-specific miRNA signatures and their associated regulatory pathways.

Targeting Aurora kinase B regulates cholesterol metabolism and enhances chemoimmunotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal malignant tumour with increasing incidence. Current therapies exhibit limited benefits, which urgently demand the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

Objective: We aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets for CCA and broaden current therapies.

Ultra-Long Life Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by 3D-Printing of Integrated Porous Cathode/Composite Polymer Electrolyte with Dynamic Covalent Bonds.

Customized solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with high safety hold promise for next-generation energy storage systems, yet they suffer from rapid capacity decay due to unstable solid-solid interfaces and uneven Li transport. To break the bottleneck, an in situ 3D-printed integrated porous cathode/composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) is developed using reversible Diels-Alder (DA) covalent chemistry. Typically, the reversible crosslinked CPE are produced from a furan-functionalized polyethylene glycol oligomer, tris-(2-maleimidoethyl)amine, and maleimide-modified LiLaZrTaO.

Prediction of 1p/19q state in glioma by integrated deep learning method based on MRI radiomics.

Purpose: To predict the 1p/19q molecular status of Lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients nondestructively, this study developed a deep learning (DL) approach using radiomic to provide a potential decision aid for clinical determination of molecular stratification of LGG.

Methods: The study retrospectively collected images and clinical data of 218 patients diagnosed with LGG between July 2018 and July 2022, including 155 cases from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database and 63 cases from a regional medical centre. Patients' clinical data and MRI images were collected, including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images.

Bimetallic nanoclusters and dual-amplification tactic: an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for miRNA-21 detection.

The elevated expression of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in exosomes derived from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) holds significant promise for early diagnosis. However, detecting exosomal miRNA-21 remains challenging due to its low abundance. Here, we developed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor integrating a 3D DNA walker with rolling circle amplification (RCA) for ultrasensitive miRNA-21 detection.

Pyrrole-Modified Two-Dimensional Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles Realize Super-Resolution Imaging.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), as an excellent optoelectronic material, has potential applications in bioimaging. However, the original g-CN has an excessively large size and poor water solubility and is difficult to modify, making it unsuitable for direct use in bioimaging. Here, we propose an efficient modification scheme.

Evaluating the Vascular Risk of PFCs: An Integrated XGBoost-Driven Structure-Activity Prediction and Experimental Validation Study.

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are emergent and persistent organic pollutants with widespread application. Their structural similarity and detection in serum raises substantial concerns regarding their toxicological effects. While the endocrine-disrupting effects of PFCs are well-recognized, the structure-activity relationship with respect to vascular function has not been investigated yet.

Cullin1 orchestrates insulin/mTOR signaling to drive endocycle progression and ecdysteroid production in Drosophila prothoracic glands during critical weight attainment.

Critical weight (CW) is a key developmental threshold in insects, beyond which larvae initiate the transformation into pupae. The prothoracic gland (PG), responsible for producing ecdysteroids, plays a crucial role in controlling the timing of this transition. The nutrition dependent endocycle, a modified cell cycle that omits mitosis, coordinates the PG size and activity to influence the timing of CW attainment.

Colorimetric sensor modified with MXenes@MnCoZDH@Au composite nanomaterials for visualization of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as a critical biomarker for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor progression, play a significant role in early cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. However, existing CTCs detection methods are limited by low purity, long processing time, high cost, and insufficient specificity, making them inadequate for clinical needs. This study developed an ultrasensitive and visually detectable CTCs sensing platform.

Direct Testing of Blood Samples to Diagnose Bloodstream Infections.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a critical condition with extremely high mortality. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. The traditional blood culture (BC) method has issues, such as long testing times and limited sensitivity, making it challenging to meet the need for timely diagnosis.

Millet Quinic Acid Relieves Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Polyphenols are compounds derived from plant-based food possessing numerous biological activities, including inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of quinic acid, a phenolic acid from millet, on the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation and further discussed the possible mechanism. The results showed that quinic acid could improve the microbiota composition of the feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by in vitro anaerobic fermentation by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera including , , etc.