A green and effective determination of derivatized chiral amino acids in the six types of Chinese tea using supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Chiral amino acids (AAs) are important components in tea, contributing to its flavor and potential bioactivity. However, their analysis in complex tea matrices remains challenging due to the presence of enantiomers. In this study, a sensitive and green method was developed using supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SFC-QQQ/MS) for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 20 pairs of chiral AAs in six types of Chinese tea.

Transcriptomic landscape and chromatin accessibility uncover pivotal regulators driving programmed larval-larval molting in the domesticated silkworm.

Insects undergo periodic ecdysis to shed their old chitinous exoskeleton and form a new cuticular layer. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is widely recognized as a central regulator of insect molting. Acting as a signaling molecule, 20E pulses orchestrate gene expression in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion.

Targeting TRAF6 inhibits cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disorder, characterized by the progressive formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are increasingly recognized as key players in cyst formation. However, the role of ubiquitination, one of the most significant PTMs, in regulating cystogenesis in ADPKD remains largely unexplored.

Longitudinal Association of Decreased Serum Uric Acid Level with the Thinning of Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy.

Purpose: To explore the associations between serum uric acid (SUA) level change and changes in the retinal neurodegenerative biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy.

Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study based on the baseline and 1-year follow-up data of the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy were recruited.

ENPP1 governs the metabolic regulation of effector T cells in autoimmunity by detecting cytosolic mitochondrial DNA.

T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms governing their fate remain elusive. Here, we identify cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an intrinsic trigger for driving effector T cell differentiation in patients with SLE. Specifically, accumulated cytosolic mtDNA is sensed by ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which enhances the transcription of GLUT1 and glycolysis in SLE T cells.

Exploration in association between vitamin D and cutaneous melanoma and explainable machine learning prediction.

Objective: This study aims to examine association between vitamin D with melanoma and develop an explainable machine learning model.

Methods: For this study, relevant data were downloaded from the CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program, for the three survey cycles 2011-2012, 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. Self-reported melanoma data, serum vitamin D levels, and other covariates were downloaded and analyzed.

Effect of intensive glycemic control on the changes of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: A large body of evidence supports the long-term benefits of intensive glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between intensive glycemic control and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in T2DM patients in the short-term remains under debate. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intensive glycemic control on DR changes in the short-term.

[Retracted] MicroRNA‑432‑5p inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting CXCL5 in colorectal cancer.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.

A Self-Assembled Nanoreactor for Realizing Antibacterial Photodynamic/Gas Therapy and Promoting Wound Healing.

Among various treatments employed to solve the global problem of bacterial infection, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recognized as a method with great potential to inactivate a wide range of bacteria without the development of drug resistance. However, many commonly used photosensitizers (PSs) have the disadvantages of poor water-solubility and potential toxicity, which limits their clinical application. Additionally, nitric oxide (NO) has unique advantages in antibacterial treatments due to its small molecular weight.

Outcome and complication following single-staged posterior minimally invasive surgery in adult spinal deformity.

Background: The aging population is experiencing a rising incidence of musculoskeletal problems and degenerative spinal deformities. Adult spinal deformity (ASD) presents challenges, with associated risks in open surgery. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is becoming increasingly popular due to its positive outcomes and potential benefits.

Progress in Luminescent Materials Based on Europium(III) Complexes of β-Diketones and Organic Carboxylic Acids.

Europium(III) β-diketone and organic carboxylic acid complexes are designable, easy to prepare, and easy to modify and have excellent fluorescence properties (narrow emission spectral band, high colour purity, long fluorescence lifetime, high quantum yield, and a spectral emission range covering both the visible and near-infrared regions). These complexes play important roles in popular fields such as laser and fibre-optic communications, medical diagnostics, immunoassays, fluorescent lasers, sensors, anticounterfeiting, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In the field of light-emitting materials, europium complexes are especially widely used in OLED lamps, especially because of their high-efficiency emission of red (among the three primary colours); accordingly, these complexes can be mixed with blue and green phosphors to obtain high-efficiency white phosphors that can be excited by near-ultraviolet light.

Increased versatility and convenience: Advances and strategy optimization of Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo-mediated genetic modification in insects.

Genetic modification via gene editing has become a widely adopted and demonstrably effective method in functional gene research within entomology. However, the optimal efficiency and simplicity of delivering exogenous guide RNA-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 complexes into target tissues are crucial for successful gene editing. The Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT) strategy, which simplifies the delivery process, target-site selection, technical requirements, and delivery cost compared with embryonic microinjection, enabling efficient editing at the germline level, is gaining increasing attention.

Turning Waste into Treasure: Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots for Superselective Visualization and Eradication of Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Gram-positive bacteria pose significant threats to human health, necessitating the development of targeted bacterial detection and eradication strategies. Nevertheless, current approaches often suffer from poor targeting specificity. Herein, the study utilizes purple rice lixivium to synthesize biomass carbon dots (termed BCDs) with wheat germ agglutinin-like residues for precisely targeting Gram-positive bacteria.

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography approach for simultaneous separation and quantification of structural and chiral amino acids in oolong tea.

Oolong tea contains diverse isomers, such as amino acids. D-amino acids, compared with their L-enantiomers, exhibit distinct properties, influencing both the flavor and bioactivity of the tea. However, the analysis of these isomers remains challenging, especially the simultaneous determination of structural and chiral isomers.

Fractionating the Flavonoids in Flos and via Solvent Extraction Coupled with Automated Solid-Phase Extraction.

Due to the structural diversity of flavonoids in functional plant foods and the inherent limitations of existing techniques, it is important to develop a simple and green (environmentally friendly) method of extracting flavonoids from plant foods. In this study, a method involving solvent extraction followed by automated solid-phase extraction was developed for extracting flavonoids from flos (JYH) and (SYH), both of which are widely used functional plant-based foods in Asian countries. For the optimisation of the solvent extraction method, solvent concentration (0.

Association Between Vitamin Intake and Colorectal Cancer: Evidence from NHANES Data.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the associations between vitamins and colorectal cancer (CRC) based on a national sample of US adults.

Methods: A total of 6200 samples were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to explore the relationship between vitamins (specifically, A, C, and D) and CRC. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between dietary vitamin intake and CRC.

Improving 3D dose prediction for breast radiotherapy using novel glowing masks and gradient-weighted loss functions.

Background: The quality of treatment plans for breast cancer can vary greatly. This variation could be reduced by using dose prediction to automate treatment planning. Our work investigates novel methods for training deep-learning models that are capable of producing high-quality dose predictions for breast cancer treatment planning.

Impact of sarcopenia on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery for degenerative disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to consolidate the evidence regarding the prognostic influence of sarcopenia in degenerative lumbar spine surgeries.

Methods: A literature search of public databases was conducted up to Nov 15, 2023 using combinations of the key words "sarcopenia" and "lumbar spine surgery". Eligible studies were those that focused on adults undergoing decompression or fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar spine diseases, and compared the outcomes between patients with and without preoperative sarcopenia.

A single-center, retrospective study of hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections: clinical assessment of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and identification of risk factors in patients.

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs) in adults are complicated by diverse pathogens that challenge traditional detection methods, which are often slow and insensitive. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers a comprehensive, high-throughput, and unbiased approach to pathogen identification. This retrospective study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of mNGS compared to conventional microbiological testing (CMT) in LRTIs, aiming to enhance detection accuracy and enable early clinical prediction.

Neural network dose prediction for cervical brachytherapy: Overcoming data scarcity for applicator-specific models.

Background: 3D neural network dose predictions are useful for automating brachytherapy (BT) treatment planning for cervical cancer. Cervical BT can be delivered with numerous applicators, which necessitates developing models that generalize to multiple applicator types. The variability and scarcity of data for any given applicator type poses challenges for deep learning.

Silkworm Hemolymph and Cocoon Metabolomics Reveals Valine Improves Feed Efficiency of Silkworm Artificial Diet.

Artificial silkworm diets significantly impact farm profitability. Sustainable cocoon production depends on the continuous improvement of feed efficiency to reduce costs and nutrient losses in the feed. This study used metabolomics to explore the differences in silkworm cocoons and hemolymph under two modes of rearing: an artificial diet and a mulberry-leaf diet.