Structural and genetic basis of HIV-1 envelope V2 apex recognition by rhesus broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V2 apex of HIV-1 envelope are desired as vaccine design templates, but few have been described. Here, we report 11 lineages of V2 apex-neutralizing antibodies from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques and determine cryo-EM structures for 9. A single V2 apex-neutralizing lineage accounted for cross-clade breadth in most macaques, and somatic hypermutation relative to breadth was generally low, exemplified by antibody V033-a.

Multi-omics analysis of zinc finger protein 683 as a prognostic biomarker for immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The abnormal expression of Zinc Finger Protein 683 (ZNF683) has been implicated in various cancers, yet its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains underexplored. Understanding the prognostic significance of ZNF683 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ccRCC could offer insights into its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methods: We assessed the expression of ZNF683, its correlation with clinical pathological variables, and clinical outcomes using databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), UALCAN, Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA), and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter.

Optimizing a human monoclonal antibody for better neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 has largely evolved to resist antibody pressure, with each successive viral variant becoming more and more resistant to serum antibodies in the population. This evolution renders all previously authorized anti-spike therapeutic monoclonal antibodies inactive, and it threatens the remaining pipelines against COVID-19. We report herein the isolation of a human monoclonal antibody with a broad but incomplete SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profile, but structural analyses and mutational scanning lead to the engineering of variants that result in greater antibody flexibility while binding to the viral spike.

Nanopore-based targeted sequencing (NTS) for drug-resistant tuberculosis: an integrated tool for personalized treatment strategies and guidance for new drug development.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis has emerged as a major public health issue that requires immediate attention. NTS is an innovative method that allows for the direct detection of clinical samples without the need for culture. It could provide more accurate, reliable, and comprehensive information on drug resistance.

Cell-laden biomimetic microneedles reconstruct skin rete ridge and stem cell niche.

The traditional skin graft wound repair strategy for burns is unable to reconstruct the normal anatomy of the skin, resulting in quality problems such as scarring, which have always been the bottleneck of burn medicine. The skin rete ridge (RRs) is an important basis for maintaining skin homeostasis, but the complete reconstruction of the RRs in wound repair is still difficult with traditional split-thickness skin grafting and wound cell therapy. In this study, based on our previous experience of wound epidermal stem cell (EpiSCs) therapy, we further designed and optimized the bionic RRs microneedles loaded with human EpiSCs (C-Ms).

Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin-A injection in the treatment of premature ejaculation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual dysfunction, impacting sexual satisfaction and quality of life. Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A), known for its muscle-relaxing properties, has been proposed as a treatment for PE, but its efficacy and safety remain uncertain.

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A injection compared to placebo for treating PE.

Nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS): A versatile technology specialized in detecting low bacterial load clinical specimens.

Introduction: The 2024 global tuberculosis report indicated that the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis remains concerning. Current tuberculosis detection methods have limitations, highlighting the urgent need to develop more convenient, effective, and widely utilized detection technologies in clinical settings to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment guidance for tuberculosis. Nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) offers advantages such as convenience, efficiency, and long-read sequencing, making it a commonly used method for mycobacteria identification.

Antibody evasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 subvariants KP.3.1.1 and XEC.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and spread, and it remains critical to understand the functional consequences of mutations in dominant viral variants. The recombinant JN.1 subvariant XEC recently replaced KP.

The efficacy and safety of mirabegron and α-adrenergic receptor antagonist in the treatment of distal ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared to α-adrenergic receptor antagonists for treating distal ureteral stones.

Methods: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify studies comparing mirabegron and α-adrenergic receptor antagonists for stone expulsion. The primary outcome was stone expulsion rate (SER), and secondary outcomes included stone expulsion interval (SEI) and pain episode frequency.

Clinical predictive model for identifying high-risk factors in pleurisy tuberculoma patients.

Introduction: Pleurisy tuberculoma (PTM) is a neoplastic lesion that primarily affects the pleural wall or internal organs. The majority of PTM cases are observed during the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion(TPE), and although the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, there is a significant association between these two conditions. To identify high-risk factors for the development of PTM, we developed a clinical predictive model aimed at providing more insightful information for the development of PTM.

WITHDRAWN: SA55 broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and robustly prevents viral escape by JN.1 sublineages.

The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because of a conflict of interest. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

Structure of a zoonotic H5N1 hemagglutinin reveals a receptor-binding site occupied by an auto-glycan.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza has spilled into many mammals, most notably cows and poultry, with several dozen human breakthrough infections. Zoonotic crossovers, with hemagglutinins mutated to enhance viral ability to use human α2-6-linked sialic acid receptors versus avian α2-3-linked ones, highlight the pandemic risk. To gain insight into these crossovers, we determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the hemagglutinin from the zoonotic H5N1 A/Texas/37/2024 strain (clade 2.

Novel rhesus macaque immunoglobulin germline genes identified by three sequencing approaches.

Introduction: Rhesus macaques have long been a focus of research for understanding immune responses to human pathogens due to their close phylogenetic relationship with humans. As rhesus macaque antibody germlines show high degrees of polymorphism, the spectrum of database-covered genes expressed in individual macaques remains to be determined.

Methods: Here, four rhesus macaques infected with SHIV became a study of interest because they developed broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.

Regulating Supramolecular Assembly and Disassembly of Chitosan toward Efficiently Antibacterial Lubricous and Biodegradable Hydrogel Urinary Catheters.

Urinary catheters serve as critical medical devices in clinical practice. However, the currently used urinary catheters lack efficient antibacterial and lubricating properties, often leading to discomfort with patients and even severe urinary infections. Herein, a new strategy of supramolecular assembly and disassembly of chitosan (Cs) is developed that enables efficient antibacterial lubricous and biodegradable hydrogel urinary catheters.

Polyphenol oxidase mediated (-)-epigallocatechin gallate stabilized protein in body wall of Apostichopus japonicus: Characteristics and structure.

Heat treatment is the most common processing method in Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) processing. However, improper heat treatment can lead to the degradation of protein.

Potent and broad HIV-1 neutralization in fusion peptide-primed SHIV-infected macaques.

An antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine will require the induction of potent cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To demonstrate feasibility toward this goal, we combined vaccination targeting the fusion-peptide site of vulnerability with infection by simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). In four macaques with vaccine-induced neutralizing responses, SHIV infection boosted plasma neutralization to 45%-77% breadth (geometric mean 50% inhibitory dilution [ID] ∼100) on a 208-strain panel.

Vaccine-induced human monoclonal antibodies to PfRH5 show broadly neutralizing activity against P. falciparum clinical isolates.

Vaccines to the Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding-like protein homologue 5 (PfRH5) target the blood-stage of the parasite life cycle. PfRH5 has the potential to trigger the production of strain-transcendent antibodies and has proven its efficacy both in pre-clinical and early clinical studies. Vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to PfRH5 showed promising outcomes against cultured P.

Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations confer growth advantages to select JN.1 sublineages.

The recently dominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 has evolved into multiple sublineages, with recurrent spike mutations R346T, F456L, and T572I, some of which exhibit growth advantages, such as KP.2 and KP.

Robust SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies sustained through 6 months post XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine booster.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing antibodies are substantially expanded 1 month after a shot of XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine (XBB.

Nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing of tissue samples for tuberculosis diagnosis.

Objective: Diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) can be particularly challenging in the absence of sputum for pulmonary tuberculosis cases and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). This study evaluated the utility of nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) for diagnosing TB in tissue samples, and compared its efficacy with other established diagnostic methods.

Methods: A total of 110 tissue samples from clinical cases were examined.

Preparation and application of alkali-activated cementitious materials in solidification/stabilization of chromite ore processing residue.

Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a typical hazardous waste, which contains Cr(vi) and poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, solidification/stabilization (S/S) of COPR was carried out by using blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) to prepare alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACM). The influence of different factors (water glass modulus, liquid-solid ratio, alkali-solid content and curing temperature) on compressive strength was investigated by single-factor experiment.