Characterization of Sinonasal Lesions on CT, MRI, and PET/CT.

The differential diagnosis of sinonasal lesions includes benign and malignant disease. Current radiologic diagnosis depends on the complementary roles of CT and MRI. PET/CT has been widely utilized for diagnosis and staging of various types of tumors as well as assessing treatment response.

Secondary organic aerosol in urban China: A distinct chemical regime for air pollution studies.

In the past decades, China has witnessed high air pollution associated with rapid economic development, although regulatory efforts have alleviated the situation since 2013. Haze events characterized by high particulate matter (PM) levels in China are not only of enormous magnitude but also represent a distinct chemical regime. Once driven by direct emissions, these high-PM episodes are now more affected by secondary aerosol, especially secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

Substantial reductions in black carbon from both fossil fuels and biomass burning during China's Clean Air Action.

Black carbon (BC) aerosols exacerbate air pollution and climate warming, but their climatic impacts and sources are poorly constrained by bottom-up emission inventories (EIs). China's Clean Air Action (CAA), which was launched in 2013, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating interannual variations in source contributions and validate the accuracy of EIs. Here, we present an 11-y (2008-2018) record of the BC concentration and its source-diagnostic radiocarbon (C) and stable carbon isotope (C) signatures at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China.

Single-Atom Cu Anchored on a UiO-66 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor for Trace and Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as critical biomarkers in exhaled breath for early-stage cancer patients, and their rapid, trace-level detection holds marked implications for cancer screening. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology demonstrates strong potential for trace VOC gas detection due to its ultra-high sensitivity and immunity to water interference. However, while surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-free semiconductor substrates offer superior spectral stability and selectivity, their sensitivity toward VOC detection remains suboptimal.

Aerosol Uptake Coefficients of Isoprene Epoxides: Determination and Parameter Estimation from Online Field Measurements of Organic Molecular Markers.

This study introduces a new approach that combines online field measurements and photochemical box modeling to estimate summer daytime heterogeneous reaction rates () and uptake coefficients (γ) for isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) and hydroxymethyl-methyl-α-lactone (HMML)/methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) under ambient conditions. The and γ values are highly acidity-dependent. For IEPOX, γ increases from (2.

Case report: Root canal treatment of maxillary second molar with a C - shaped distal buccal root: Is it a fused tooth?

Introduction And Importance: Fusion of the maxillary second molar (MSMs) and the maxillary third molar is a rare dental anomaly, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to complex root and canal anatomy, which can lead to caries, periodontal, and pulpal issues. While extraction is sometimes favored, root canal therapy (RCT) can preserve natural dentition and improve patient outcomes.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman underwent a failed extraction of the left maxillary third molar and had chronic periapical inflammation in a fused maxillary second and third molar caused by severe caries.

Evaluating rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry profiles of human breast cancer cells using a 3D in vitro assay.

Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) enables near real-time sampling and classification of tissues on the basis of lipid and small molecule profiles. Because samples are ablated during REIMS, validation of mass spectra by assignment of class labels using gold-standard methods remains challenging. Further, determining the number of abnormal cells within a mixture of normal cells by REIMS remains an elusive but critical parameter when evaluating the utility of REIMS for use in clinical settings.

Effect of intraoperative oesophageal pressure-guided PEEP on postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial in China.

Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) induced by mechanical ventilation in general anaesthesia are related to poor clinical outcomes. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a key component of the lung protective ventilation strategy. Individualised PEEP guided by end-expiratory oesophageal pressure (Pes) to maintain a positive end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure can avoid alveolar collapse and improve the respiratory mechanics.

CPOne: Enhancing Prediction of Compound-Protein Interactions Through One-Shot Meta Learning.

Predicting the interactions between compounds and their potential target proteins is crucial in drug discovery. Existing methods often assume that each compound has an adequate number of target proteins available for model training. However, in practice, the number of target proteins associated with compounds is often limited, making it difficult to gather a sufficient number of training examples.

Propagation dynamics of circular Airyprime beams double-modulated by sine and power-exponent-phase vortices and applications in optical tweezers.

In this paper, what we believe to be a new type of noncanonical optical vortices combining sine phase vortices and power-exponent-phase vortices is proposed. The propagation dynamics of circular Airyprime beams double-modulated by the new phase vortices in free space are explored by theoretical analysis as well as experimental verification, where the generated new optical phenomena are explained based on the competition mechanism between the two combined phase vortices distributions. The proposed phase vortices have multiple degrees of freedom to manipulate the distribution of the light field, such as the multi-ring shape can be evolved into caterpillar-like, fan-like, and multi-spot shapes, and the number of spots and fan-like lobes can be flexibly controlled by multiple parameters.

Amorphous-Crystalline Synergy in CoSe/CoS Heterostructures: High-Performance SERS Substrates for Esophageal Tumor Cell Discrimination.

Although surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is applied in biomedicine deeply, the design of new substrates for wider detection is still in demand. Crystalline-amorphous CoSe/CoS heterojunction is synthesized, with high SERS performance and stability, composed of orthorhombic (o-CoSe) and amorphous CoS (a-CoS). By adjusting feed ratio, the proportion of a-CoS to o-CoSe is regulated, where CoSe/CoS-S50 with a 1:1 ratio demonstrates the best SERS performance due to the balance of two components.

Emergency Department Trends and Outcomes: A Data-Driven Analysis.

This study analyzes hospital Emergency Department (ED) data from 2016 to 2024, examining trends in Waiting Times (WT), Lengths of Stay (LoS), and patient outcomes. WT and LoS increased after the pandemic, indicating operational issues, even though patient volumes remained consistent throughout the whole period. Longer delays were observed on weekends and throughout the colder months, according to temporal analysis.

Potential causal link between antiseizure medication targets and cognitive function: A mendelian randomization study.

A common strategy for treating epilepsy is the use of antiseizure medications (ASMs). However, ASMs usually raise concerns about accompanying side effects on the cognitive function of patients. Understanding the causal relationship between ASMs targets and cognitive function is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies that mitigate cognitive side effects while effectively managing seizures.

Ultrawide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography-Guided Navigated Laser Therapy of Non-Perfused Areas in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

: This study evaluates whether ultrawide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-OCTA) can guide navigated laser therapy for non-perfused areas (NPAs) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). It further explores whether the laser spots can be accurately placed according to plan, considering that the retina is three-dimensional (3D), while UWF-OCTA provides two-dimensional (2D) images. : UWF-OCTA images from three devices-VG200, Xephilio OCT-S1, and Bmizar-guided the treatments.

Measurements of Posterior Tibial Slope of the Ankle Joint on CT Images and Virtual Radiographs.

Objective: The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is essential in the assessment of ankle alignment. However, its standardized reference value has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to compare the PTS of the ankle joint on virtual radiographs and CT images and determine the effect of participants' demographic characteristics on the PTS.

Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase 2 Knockdown Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Rats by Mitochondrial Protection.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common chronic pain that lacks durable, mechanism-based therapies, making it a global health concern. Mitochondrial protection is essential to alleviate oxidative stress and maintain normal energy metabolism, playing a critical role in the treatment of NP. Mammalian ste20-like kinase 2 (Mst2) is a key protein in the Hippo pathway and plays a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial function.

Longitudinal 12-Month Follow-Up of a Male Infant with Compound Heterozygous Genotype in China: A Case Report.

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), predominantly caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), arises from mutations in . This frequently occurs via gene conversion events between and its pseudogene, leading to impaired 21-hydroxylase activity and subsequent CAH manifestations.

Case Description: We encountered a case of classic CAH, characterized by electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia: 125.

Dynamic microcirculation characteristics of plantar skin in response to life-like pressure in diabetes patients.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes associated with high mortality. Elevated plantar pressure and impaired microcirculation are considered as primary contributions to DFU. The International Working Group of Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has recommended an increase in the level of walking-related weight-bearing daily activity by an extra 1000 steps/day, but has not provided specific exercise prescription due to limited data on the relationship between pressure and plantar microcirculation.

Chinese dental students' knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding traumatic dental injuries in immature permanent teeth.

Background: The appropriate management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in immature permanent teeth is critical for predicting prognosis and preserving injured teeth. However, providing accurate treatment is always challenging for dental students due to their limited knowledge of TDIs. This study aimed to assess TDIs in immature permanent teeth in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice among Chinese dental undergraduates and residents.

Pan-RAS inhibitors and polo-like kinase 1: promising targets in colorectal cancer.

RAS is an oncogene that is commonly mutated in colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been considered a negative feature both due to its impact on prognosis and due to the shallow interface of oncogenic Ras for therapeutic targeting. Newer pan-Ras inhibitor strategies include improved direct targeting of RAS, blockade of downstream effectors, immunotherapy approaches, and even the inclusion of anti-EGFR drugs.

Multi-omics and experimental validation reveal mechanism of compound mylabris capsules in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Compound mylabris capsules (CMC) are widely used in the treatment of various malignant tumors; however, their mechanisms of action in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remain poorly understood. To address this, we analyzed DLBCL-related datasets from GEO and TCGA, identifying 943 key genes through differential expression gene analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. By constructing a drug-active ingredient-target network, we determined the top five active CMC ingredients and their associated 1053 gene targets.

Machine learning-based prediction of G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization outcomes in healthy volunteers.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC-T) has been established as a fundamental therapeutic intervention for a wide range of hematological malignancies and disorders, with a proven record of efficacy spanning over five decades. Peripheral blood (PB) has become the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) source of choice, surpassing bone marrow, owing to its cost-effectiveness, reduced invasiveness, higher cell yields, and shorter hospitalizations. Clinically, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration is the standard procedure for inducing HSC mobilization.

Optimizing a human monoclonal antibody for better neutralization of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 has largely evolved to resist antibody pressure, with each successive viral variant becoming more and more resistant to serum antibodies in the population. This evolution renders all previously authorized anti-spike therapeutic monoclonal antibodies inactive, and it threatens the remaining pipelines against COVID-19. We report herein the isolation of a human monoclonal antibody with a broad but incomplete SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profile, but structural analyses and mutational scanning lead to the engineering of variants that result in greater antibody flexibility while binding to the viral spike.