Evaluation and Diagnosis of Regional Ammonia Emission Inventory in the Pearl River Delta Using Multisite NH Observations and Model Simulations.

Ammonia (NH) has attracted increasing attention for its reduction potential in fine particulate matter mitigation, yet current NH emission inventories involve substantial uncertainties. Previous bottom-up NH inventories are usually constrained by satellite observations, deposition measurements, or isotopic analysis and still lack careful validation at fine regional scales. This study develops a novel diagnostic framework combining multisite NH observations across the Pearl River Delta (PRD) with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations and machine learning techniques to evaluate and refine a regional NH inventory.

Novel mutations associated with clofazimine resistance in Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Background: Clofazimine is a promising repurposed drug for treating Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex pulmonary disease, but its resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium intracellulare remain poorly understood.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the resistance mechanisms of M. intracellulare to clofazimine.

Effects of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrates on Insulin Resistance and Postoperative Recovery in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Preliminary Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that preoperative oral carbohydrates (CHO) can alleviate postoperative insulin resistance (IR) and enhance recovery in non-diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the potential benefits in diabetic patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of preoperative CHO on IR and postoperative recovery in diabetic patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Adjustable Self-Assembly of Perchlorate with Nitrogen-Rich Bicyclic Compounds: High-Energy Component Enhances Combustion of Composite Solid Propellants.

Developing energetic compounds with high energy and low sensitivity is a key focus for the progression of civil and military industries. Driven by crystal engineering, the solvent-mediated adjustable self-assembly strategy of perchlorate with nitrogen-rich bicyclic energetic compounds was successfully explored, and three kinds of oxidant-dropped self-assembly energetic compounds (, , and ) were prepared under the guidance of electrostatic potential. Among them, has a high density (1.

Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion in valvular heart disease without atrial fibrillation: the OPINION trial.

Background And Aims: While surgical left atrial appendage occlusion (SLAAO) reduces stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, its efficacy in patients without pre-operative AF but with CHA₂DS₂-VASc ≥2 remains uncertain despite their high post-operative AF risk (15-54%). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prophylactic SLAAO reduces post-operative thrombo-embolic events in valvular surgery patients.

Methods: The OPINION was a multicentre, open-label, randomized, superiority trial conducted at three cardiac surgery centres in China.

Enhancing Sugarcane Yield and Weed Control Sustainability with Degradable Film Mulching.

A two-year field study evaluated biodegradable plastic film (BPF; thicknesses: 0.006, 0.008, and 0.

Cinnamaldehyde promotes diabetic wound healing via synergetic effects of AGE/RAGE-mediated macrophage polarization affecting fibroblast activation and angiogenesis, and Nrf2-dependent antioxidants.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is characterized by delayed wound healing and is a major cause of nontraumatic amputation. This study investigated cinnamaldehyde's regulatory effect on DFU and its underlying mechanisms. A DFU model was established in BALB/c mice using streptozotocin (STZ); mice received cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally).

Waterborne Phosphated Alkynediol-Modified Mica Nanosheet/Acrylic Nanocomposite Coatings with Superior Anticorrosive Performance.

Mica is a naturally layered material recognized for its superior insulation and exceptional barrier properties; however, it is prone to agglomeration, and its compatibility with resin remains to be resolved. In this work, phosphate butynediol ethoxylate (PBEO), synthesized by the reaction of a commercial corrosion inhibitor, butynediol ethoxylate, with phosphorus pentoxide, was employed to modify mica nanosheets (MNs), as evidenced by FTIR, Raman, and XPS. The obtained MN@PBEO demonstrated improved water dispersibility and enhanced compatibility with acrylic latex.

Substantial reductions in black carbon from both fossil fuels and biomass burning during China's Clean Air Action.

Black carbon (BC) aerosols exacerbate air pollution and climate warming, but their climatic impacts and sources are poorly constrained by bottom-up emission inventories (EIs). China's Clean Air Action (CAA), which was launched in 2013, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating interannual variations in source contributions and validate the accuracy of EIs. Here, we present an 11-y (2008-2018) record of the BC concentration and its source-diagnostic radiocarbon (C) and stable carbon isotope (C) signatures at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China.

The role of angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor in moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (ARNI-MIMIC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Debates have been existed regarding the treatment of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). While it might have priority on reducing the risk of recurrent IMR, studies showed that concomitant mitral valve repair increases the risk of adverse outcomes, such as neurological events, as well as the in-hospital costs. In recent studies, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) was discovered to have potential benefit in reducing the severity of IMR.

Machine learning-based quantification of overall and internal ultrasound characteristics for diagnosing malignant partially cystic thyroid nodules.

Introduction: Partially cystic thyroid nodules (PCTNs) with malignant potential are frequently underestimated due to limited recognition of their sonographic characteristics.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 486 PCTNs identified between March 2021 and September 2022. Machine learning (ML) was employed to quantitatively evaluate the overall ultrasound characteristics of the whole nodule as well as the internal ultrasound characteristics of its solid part.

Spermatozoal sialidases NEU1 and NEU3 are potential predictors for fertilization rate in IVF: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the roles of spermatozoal sialidase NEU1 and NEU3 in affecting the fertilization rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and whether sperm sialidase NEU1 and NEU3 can be used as predictors of IVF outcome.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that collected semen samples from 194 IVF couples between January 2024 and April 2024. Patients were grouped based on oocyte maturity and routine semen analysis.

Androgen deprivation-mediated activation of AKT is enhanced in prostate cancer with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.

The TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion (T:E fusion) in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) puts ERG under the androgen receptor (AR) regulated expression of TMPRSS2. The T:E fusion is frequently associated with PTEN loss, and is highly correlated with decreased expression of INPP4B, both of which may compensate for ERG-mediated suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling. We confirmed in PCa cells and a mouse PCa model that ERG suppresses AKT activation, and that one potential mechanism is through downregulation of IRS2.

Imbalance between muscle strength development and weight gain in children and young adults in China: serial cross-sectional evidence from 1.33 million students from five successive national surveys between 2000 and 2019.

Background: Over the past decades, Chinese school-aged children and adolescents have experienced a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, but corresponding changes in muscle strength remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate trends in muscle strength development at both national and subnational level, and to investigate whether it has increased proportionally with weight gain.

Methods: Muscle strength (handgrip strength [kg] for upper body and standing broad jump [cm] for lower body) and weight measurements for 1.

Evaluation and analysis of risk factors for fractured vertebral recompression post-percutaneous kyphoplasty: a retrospective cohort study based on logistic regression analysis.

Background: Vertebral recompression after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) may lead to recurrent pain, deformity, and neurological impairment, compromising prognosis and quality of life.

Objective: To identify independent risk factors for postoperative recompression and develop predictive models for risk assessment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 284 OVCF patients treated with PKP, grouped by recompression status.

Rice Wine Fermentation: Unveiling Key Factors Shaping Quality, Flavor, and Technological Evolution.

Rice wine, as a traditional fermented beverage, has its quality and flavor influenced by a combination of multiple factors. This review provides an overview of the key aspects of rice wine production, including raw material selection and processing, the regulation of quality by brewing techniques, the mechanisms of microbial community interaction during fermentation, and the types and formation mechanisms of major compounds in rice wine (including flavor compounds and non-volatile components). The study highlights that different raw materials and processing methods significantly impact the fundamental flavor profile of rice wine, while fermentation conditions and dynamic changes in microbial communities determine its flavor complexity and stability.

Significant Reduction of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid in the Elderly with Severe COVID-19.

Elderly individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of developing cytokine storms and severe outcomes, yet specific biomarkers remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the alteration of primary bile acid metabolism in elderly patients with severe COVID-19 using untargeted metabolomics ( = 31), followed by targeted metabolomics to compare patients with disease progression ( = 16) to those without ( = 48). Significant reductions in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) levels were identified in severe cases, with GCDCA levels at admission correlating strongly with peak inflammatory markers.

Enhancing gastric cancer prognosis prediction via multi-step multi-modality ensemble survival modeling of HE-stained images and mIHC data.

Background: Gastric cancer's profound molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity hinders precision therapy. Delineating tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity enables improved prognosis and tailored treatment strategies. In this study, we propose a Multi-step Multi-modality Ensemble Survival (MMES) model for gastric cancer prognosis based on HE-stained histological images and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) data.

Mechanisms of outer membrane vesicles in bacterial drug resistance: Insights and implications.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has rendered the treatment of bacterial infections exceedingly challenging, with diseases caused by resistant strains often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale spheres characterized by a double membrane structure, released by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).

Kissing Spine and Other Imaging Predictors of Postoperative Cement Displacement Following Percutaneous Kyphoplasty: A Machine Learning Approach.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with postoperative cement displacement following percutaneous kyphoplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and to develop predictive models for clinical risk assessment.

Methods: This retrospective study included 198 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty. Imaging and clinical variables were collected.

A Notch signaling pathway-related gene signature: Characterizing the immune microenvironment and predicting prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Prior studies have highlighted an escalating global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Notch signaling pathway regulates the initiation and development of HCC and determines the HCC prognosis.

Methods: The expression data of genes related to the Notch signaling pathway were acquired from public databases.

Effect of Ultrasound-Induced the Structural Changes in Casein on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptide of Its Hydrolysate.

The effects of ultrasonic powers on casein structure and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of casein hydrolysates were investigated. Potential α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides generated from casein hydrolysate were identified by LC-MS/MS and predicted by in silico. The action mechanism of the potential α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides was further explored based on molecular docking.

Overlooked Pneumonia-Like Lung Cancer with Elevated Neutrophils and Typical Pneumonia Imaging findings.

Background: Pneumonia-type lung cancer is a specific type of lung cancer with low incidence, lack of clinical specificity, and strong imaging similarity to pneumonia, which can be easily misdiagnosed as a lung infection.

Methods: We report a special case of a patient who was misdiagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumonia by routine blood tests, bronchoscopy, NGS of alveolar lavage fluid and combined with the patient's lung CT imaging features, and then was definitively diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma by percutaneous lung puncture.

Results: The patient's solid shadow in the right lower lung remained unabsorbed after aggressive anti-infection, and finally the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma was finally clarified by percutaneous lung puncture.

Study on the real-time radon release pattern of granite under temperature-pressure coupling.

Uranium ore, as an important energy mineral, is accompanied by the release of radioactive gas, radon, during the mining process. In order to study the release law of radon gas and its daughters inside granite under the state of temperature-pressure coupling in the deep stratum, the experiment uses uniaxial compression experiments under different temperature gradients (25 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C) and real-time monitoring of radon release changes, to explore the effect of different temperatures on the behavior of radon release inside granite. The experimental results show that: with the increase of strain, the radon release of granite as a whole shows the trend of increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing again, and reaches the peak in the unstable propagation stage of cracks.