Evaluation and Diagnosis of Regional Ammonia Emission Inventory in the Pearl River Delta Using Multisite NH Observations and Model Simulations.

Ammonia (NH) has attracted increasing attention for its reduction potential in fine particulate matter mitigation, yet current NH emission inventories involve substantial uncertainties. Previous bottom-up NH inventories are usually constrained by satellite observations, deposition measurements, or isotopic analysis and still lack careful validation at fine regional scales. This study develops a novel diagnostic framework combining multisite NH observations across the Pearl River Delta (PRD) with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations and machine learning techniques to evaluate and refine a regional NH inventory.

Substantial reductions in black carbon from both fossil fuels and biomass burning during China's Clean Air Action.

Black carbon (BC) aerosols exacerbate air pollution and climate warming, but their climatic impacts and sources are poorly constrained by bottom-up emission inventories (EIs). China's Clean Air Action (CAA), which was launched in 2013, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating interannual variations in source contributions and validate the accuracy of EIs. Here, we present an 11-y (2008-2018) record of the BC concentration and its source-diagnostic radiocarbon (C) and stable carbon isotope (C) signatures at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China.

The potentials of uncertainty analysis and Bayesian optimization in HONO source modeling diagnosis and improvement.

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry, significantly influencing hydroxyl radical (OH) production and the formation of secondary pollutants. However, current atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) still underestimate HONO formation, due to uncertainties in source parameterizations. This study proposed a new framework that combines uncertainty analysis with Bayesian optimization (RFM-BMC) to diagnose and reduce uncertainties in HONO source parameterizations, using the North China Plain (NCP) as a case study.

Uncovering key sources of regional ozone simulation biases using machine learning and SHAP analysis.

Atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used in air quality management, but still have large biases in simulations. Accurately and efficiently identifying key sources of simulation biases is crucial for model improvement. However, traditional approaches, such as sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, are computationally intensive and inefficient, as they require numerous model runs.

Dynamic changes in peripheral blood immunophenotyping and its prognostic value in cervical cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, including antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway, has significantly prolonged the overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced cervical cancer (CC). ICB treatment affects both target cells and various components released by immune cells, which can be observed in peripheral blood. However, there has been limited research on the dynamics of peripheral blood immunophenotyping and its association with OS in CC patients receiving ICB therapy.

Quantifying the contributions of meteorology, emissions, and transport to ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta, China.

Ozone pollution presents a growing air quality threat in urban agglomerations in China. It remains challenge to distinguish the roles of emissions of precursors, chemical production and transportations in shaping the ground-level ozone trends, largely due to complicated interactions among these 3 major processes. This study elucidates the formation factors of ozone pollution and categorizes them into local emissions (anthropogenic and biogenic emissions), transport (precursor transport and direct transport from various regions), and meteorology.

piR-1919609 Is an Ideal Potential Target for Reversing Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of noncoding small RNA that can interact with PIWI-like RNA-mediated gene silencing (PIWIL) proteins to affect biological processes such as transposon silencing through epigenetic effects. Recent studies have found that piRNAs are widely dysregulated in tumors and associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of piR-1919609 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells.

Temporal evolution of speciated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from solvent use sources in the Pearl River Delta Region, China (2006-2019).

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from solvent use sources constitute an important part of ozone (O) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China. While stringent control measures targeting VOCs have been implemented in recent years, an assessment of historical trends is imperative to evaluate their effectiveness. In this study, trends of VOC emissions, compositions, and reactivity from solvent use sources in the PRD region from 2006 to 2019 were estimated using a developed methodology, which considered the improvement of manufacturing equipment and removal efficiency.

[High Resolution Emission Inventory of Greenhouse Gas and Its Characteristics in Guangdong，China].

Based on the typical city survey data and statistics of Guangdong Province， a 2018-based 3 km×3 km gridded greenhouse gas emissions inventory was developed for Guangdong Province using the combination of top-down and bottom-up emission factor methods. The inventory covered the CO， CH and NO emissions from energy， industrial processes， agriculture， land use change and forest， waste management， and indirect sources. The results showed that estimates for CO， CH， and NO in Guangdong Province for the year 2018 were 8.

Temperature-Dependent Evaporative Anthropogenic VOC Emissions Significantly Exacerbate Regional Ozone Pollution.

The evaporative emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) are sensitive to ambient temperature. This sensitivity forms an air pollution-meteorology connection that has not been assessed on a regional scale. We parametrized the temperature dependence of evaporative AVOC fluxes in a regional air quality model and evaluated the impacts on surface ozone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) area of China during the summer of 2017.

Prognostic significance of TM4SF1 and DDR1 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 (TM4SF1) and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) are expressed in numerous types of cancer, but their expression in epithelial ovarian cancer and the association between their expression and patient prognosis are unclear. The present study aimed to explore the expression of TM4SF1 and DDR1 and their relationship with prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Firstly, the Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) platforms were used to compare the expression levels of TM4SF1 and DDR1 in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissue, and Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the association between gene expression and patient prognosis.

Developing a model-ready highly resolved HONO emission inventory in Guangdong using domestic measured emission factors.

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in the budget of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the atmosphere. However, current chemical transport models (CTMs) typically underestimate ambient concentrations of HONO due to a dearth of high resolution primary HONO emission inventories. To address this issue, we have established a highly resolved bottom-up HONO emission inventory for CTMs in Guangdong province, utilizing the best available domestic measured emission factors and newly obtained activity data.

A meteorologically adjusted ensemble Kalman filter approach for inversing daily emissions: A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China.

The conventional Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), which is now widely used to calibrate emission inventories and to improve air quality simulations, is susceptible to simulation errors of meteorological inputs, making accurate updates of high temporal-resolution emission inventories challenging. In this study, we developed a novel meteorologically adjusted inversion method (MAEInv) based on the EnKF to improve daily emission estimations. The new method combines sensitivity analysis and bias correction to alleviate the inversion biases caused by errors of meteorological inputs.

[Analysis of Ozone Pollution Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Identification of Its Long-term Variation Driving Factor over Hunan Province].

Despite the alleviation of particulate matter (PM), the ambient ozone (O) concentration is continuously increasing in Hunan province where the investigation of O pollution has been rarely reported. Accordingly, the spatio-temporal evolution of O pollution was first analyzed based on hourly air quality data observed by national monitoring stations from 2015 to 2020 over 14 cities in Hunan province. Afterwards, the combination of meteorological data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the driving factors of the O long-term trend during this period.

Near-real-time estimation of hourly open biomass burning emissions in China using multiple satellite retrievals.

Open biomass burning (OBB) is an important source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, but its dynamic emission estimation remains challenging. Existing OBB emission datasets normally provide daily estimates based upon Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals but tend to underestimate the emissions due to the coarse spatial resolution and sparse observation frequency. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to improve OBB emission estimations by fusing multiple active fires detected by MODIS, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (VIIRS S-NPP) and Himawari-8.

Emission source-based ozone isopleth and isosurface diagrams and their significance in ozone pollution control strategies.

In the past decade, ozone (O) pollution has been continuously worsening in most developing countries. The accurate identification of the nonlinear relationship between O and its precursors is a prerequisite for formulating effective O control measures. At present, precursor-based O isopleth diagrams are widely used to infer O control strategy at a particular location.

Insight into the characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols at urban and regional sites in the downwind area of Pearl River Delta region, China.

Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) take up a substantial fraction of fine particle (PM) in the atmosphere, yet high temporal resolution and seasonal variations of their emission sources and formation mechanisms are still poorly characterized in the regions with strong anthropogenic activities. In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of CAs and their subfractions, i.e.

ARRDC3 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on Data Mining.

Purpose: The dysregulation of arrestin domain containing 3 (ARRDC3) has an important effect on oncogenesis and tumor progression in many cancers, including renal cell carcinoma and breast cancer. However, the role of ARRDC3 in ovarian cancer (OC) has not been reported.

Methods: The present study explored the diagnostic and prognostic roles of ARRDC3 in ovarian cancer using GEPIA, ONCOMINE, GEO, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases for training and validation.

Role of export industries on ozone pollution and its precursors in China.

This study seeks to estimate how global supply chain relocates emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors and its impacts in shaping ozone formation. Here we show that goods produced in China for foreign markets lead to an increase of domestic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions by 3.5 million tons in 2013; about 13% of the national total or, equivalent to half of emissions from European Union.

Characterization of VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in the Pearl River Delta of China.

Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes.