Interaction between HPCA1 and melatonin signaling components modulates stomatal closure and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Melatonin is a versatile molecule that regulates plant growth and responses to multiple stresses, including drought resistance. However, the mechanism by which melatonin coordinates with other signaling pathways to regulate plant responses to stress remains largely elusive. Here, we provide evidence that melatonin induced stomatal closure and reactive oxygen species accumulation require hydrogen peroxide sensor receptor kinase HPCA1 (HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED Ca INCREASES1).

Central glutathione mitigates obesity-induced social phobia: evidence from human and animal studies.

Objective: To explore the impact of obesity on social phobia and the therapeutic effect of the antioxidant glutathione on this disorder.

Methods: A total of 600 subjects were divided into an Obese Group and a Control Group. Four scales were utilized to determine social phobia, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the central glutathione levels.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding home-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents an escalating public health issue characterized by high rates of morbidity, mortality, and increasing healthcare expenditures. Although home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) has been proven effective in managing CHF, patient engagement remains suboptimal. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) associated with HBCR in patients with CHF.

Physiological and Transcriptomic Mechanisms Underlying Vitamin C-Mediated Cold Stress Tolerance in Grafted Cucumber.

Cucumbers ( L.) are highly sensitive to cold, but grafting onto cold-tolerant rootstocks can enhance their low-temperature resilience. This study investigates the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which exogenous vitamin C (Vc) mitigates cold stress in grafted cucumber seedlings.

Diagnostic Significance of SLC2A9 Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Biomarkers in Gout and Hyperuricemia.

Background: Uric acid, the final product of purine metabolism, is primarily excreted through the kidneys and intestines. Dysregulation in uric acid production or excretion can result in hyperuricemia and gout. Several proteins play important roles in uric acid metabolism.

Global burden of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and its attributable risk factors in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: insights from the global burden of disease study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the global burden trends of atrial fibrillation/flutter with attributable risk factors among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021, particularly in the context of the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in younger populations.

Materials And Methods: Disease burden data for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter were sourced from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. The primary metrics were incidence, disability-adjusted life years, and mortality.

Plant-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Pharmacological Activities, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Applications.

Plant-derived bioactive peptides (PDBPs) have become a key research focus owing to their multiple targets and high safety. However, current challenges in this field primarily include the low efficiency of traditional extraction techniques, the complex structure-activity relationships of PDBPs, the scalability of novel technologies, inadequate understanding of multisystem synergistic effects, and the scarcity of human clinical trials. To address these gaps, future research should integrate artificial intelligence to establish an integrated technological system spanning computer-aided design, targeted preparation, and activity verification, while prioritizing efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of multisystem synergism, develop environmentally friendly extraction processes and targeted delivery systems, and facilitate the translation of PDBPs from basic research to functional products.

Association between Diurnal Temperature Range, Daily Mean Temperature and Sarcopenia States in Older Adults: Evidence from the CHARLS.

Background: With growing concern about global climate change and its potential consequences, its health impacts have been widely studied. However, the association between temperature and sarcopenia states in Chinese older adults remains unclear. The study aimed to examine the association based on a nationally representative large-scale survey.

Dual-Graded Microstructure Engineering for Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors with High Sensitivity and Broad Linear Range in Physiological Monitoring.

Flexible piezoresistive sensors that offer both high sensitivity and a broad linear detection range are highly desirable for wearable health monitoring, as they facilitate simplified circuit design and enable accurate detection of subtle physiological signals. However, existing sensors typically encounter an intrinsic trade-off between sensitivity and linearity, primarily due to structural stiffening under increasing pressure. Here, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor featuring dual-graded microstructures (DGM) is reported, formed by embedding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix.

The relationship between the APOE genotypes and memory performance of young adults and its neural basis.

A large body of evidence consistently indicates a relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and memory decline in later life; however, the influence of the APOE ε4 allele on memory performance during the early stages of life remains poorly understood. Therefore, we explored whether the APOE ε4 allele is associated with cognitive advantages or disadvantages early in life from the perspective of memory function, specifically working memory and short-term memory. Based on a study of 516 university students aged 17-26 who completed short-term memory tasks and 156 students in the same age range who completed working memory tasks, our findings reveal that individuals carrying the APOE ε4 allele exhibited poorer performance in working memory, with no significant impact on short-term memory.

Research progress on extraction, purification, biotransformation, pharmacological effects, toxicity, combined therapy and new dosage forms of saikosaponins.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine, Bupleuri Radix (BR), distinguished by its bitter flavor and slightly cold properties, targets the liver and gallbladder meridians. It is traditionally used for liver soothing, depression alleviation, fever reduction, and the elevation of yang and qi. BR is a key component of traditional formulations such as Xiaochaihu Decoction and Xiaoyao Powder.

Coordination of Phytomelatonin and Salicylic Acid Signalling in Stomatal Closure.

Phytomelatonin (PMT) and salicylic acid (SA) play crucial roles in stomatal closure and immune regulation, yet their regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that SA-induced stomatal closure and ROS production are dependent on the phytomelatonin receptor 1 (PMTR1) via regulating the expression of genes associated with cell wall peroxidases PRX33 and PRX34. Exogenous melatonin (exMT) induces the expression of genes related to SA biosynthesis (ICS1, PBS3), the receptor NPR1, as well as the effector transcription factors TGA1-3.

Chidamide impedes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the METTL3/EPHA7 pathway.

Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor with established anti-tumor properties, requires further investigation regarding its specific impact on lung cancer progression. Our results showed that chidamide treatment significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells while inducing apoptosis. The treatment with chidamide also downregulated methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), the catalytic subunit of the N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex, in A549 and H1299 cells.

Impact of precipitation levels on vegetation in ecologically fragile karst areas in the Guangxi (China) karst region.

To investigate the distribution pattern of regional rainstorm disasters and their impact on vegetation in karst regions of Guangxi, two vegetation parameters, fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and net primary productivity (NPP), are selected to analyze the spatial response characteristics and forest species from five rainfall levels: moderate rainfall, heavy rain, rainstorm, heavy rainstorm and extremely heavy rainstorm). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), fractional vegetation cover (FVC), and net primary productivity (NPP) are used to analyze the spatial response characteristics of different vegetation remote sensing parameters. The results show that: (1) The effects of extremely heavy rainfall on the NDVI, FVC and NPP of vegetation are significantly greater than those of other types of rainfall; (2) The southwestern and central parts are the concentration areas of high negative impacts of extremely heavy rainfall and heavy rainfall on the remote sensing indices of vegetation; (3) Different levels of rainfall have a great negative effect on NDVI and FVC in economic and broadleaf forests, while eucalyptus forests have a less effect.

Research Progress on bioactive peptides from animal sources: A comprehensive review.

Bioactive peptides derived from animals have antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant and other beneficial activities for human health. Successful application in preclinical models demonstrates the potential of animal-derived bioactive peptides to be developed into health foods and functional foods for the treatment of disease. The authors' prior studies have extensively investigated bioactive peptides, establishing a robust preparation and purification system.

Intergenerational equity based optimization model joint of water allocation and water quality management.

Global warming and the excessive exploitation of water resources have raised significant concerns regarding water scarcity and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. To enhance integrated water resource management, a multi-objective optimization model integrated water allocation and water quality has been developed, in which there are trades-off between average economic benefit efficiency maximization and social welfare for long-term sustainability. In the social welfare maximization objective, an adapted Bentham-Rawls criterion is incorporated to addresses intergenerational trade-offs in high-quality water resource allocation, and the overlapping generations structure is employed to analyze the intertemporal dynamics of water pollution, thereby alleviating the conflicts between economic growth and environmental quality in the basin.

Essential role of CD56NKG2C NK cells trained by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in protecting against COVID-19.

The adaptive immune protection elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has been proven to control the severity of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the contributions of innate lymphoid cells formed from immunization are poorly defined in vaccine evaluation. Here, we highlight how the natural killer (NK) and macrophage (Mϕ) cells' response, primed by the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, is crucial to preventing lung injury.

High-fertility sows reshape gut microbiota: the rise of serotonin-related bacteria and its impact on sustaining reproductive performance.

Background: Compelling evidence has established a strong link between the gut microbiota and host reproductive health. However, the specific regulatory roles of individual bacterial species on reproductive performance are not well-understood. In the present study, Jinhua sows with varying reproductive performances under the same diet and management conditions were selected to explore potential mechanisms on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and host reproductive performance using 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics and serum metabolomics.

Recent advances in transition metal sulfide-based electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors, as highly promising charge storage systems, have attracted much attention due to their fast charging and discharging rates, high power density, and longer service life. However, compared to rechargeable batteries, the low energy density of supercapacitors limits their practical applications. Rational design of advanced electrode materials shows great potential to address the above issue.

The functions of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in intestinal immunity.

Background: Bile acids, derived from cholesterol in the liver, consist a steroidal core. Primary bile acids and secondary bile acids metabolized by the gut microbiota make up the bile acid pool, which modulate nuclear hormone receptors to regulate immunity. Disruptions in the crosstalk between bile acids and the gut flora are intimately associated with the development and course of gastrointestinal inflammation.

Flexible photo-assisted zinc-air battery achieved by heterojunction structure between oxygen-vacancy-rich CoFeO and nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres.

Photo-assisted electrocatalysts is critical for advancing renewable energy technologies, particularly in oxygen electrocatalysis for energy conversion and storage. In this study, the O-CoFeO/Fe-N-C hollow nanospheres was endowed with a p-n heterojunction through depositing p-type oxygen-vacancy-rich CoFeO nanoparticles (O-CoFeO) onto n-type Fe- and N-doped hollow carbon spheres (Fe-N-C). The dual advantages of oxygen vacancies and the p-n heterojunction synergistically enhanced the photochemical and electrochemical activities.

Mining Arylsulfatase from Genome-Scale Metabolic Pathways of Pseudoalteromonas sp. SR43-6 and Its Agar-Based Desulfurization Applications.

Arylsulfatase catalyzes the cleavage of sulfate ester bonds and plays a role in agar desulfation, thereby enhancing agar gel strength and quality. While studying the desulfurization pathway in sp. SR43-6, a sequence encoding a potential arylsulfatase- Ars (-Ars)-was found.

Successful treatment of pulmonary hypertension due to HIV infection and amphetamine snorting: a case report.

HIV infection is one of the high-risk factors for pulmonary hypertension (PH). HIV-related PH is associated with non-AIDS-related comorbidities. In this study, we report a case of pulmonary hypertension with several concomitant risk factors who experienced a complete clinical improvement after drug rehabilitation, application of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), and sildenafil.

The GhWL1-GhH1-GhGA2OX1 Transcriptional Module Regulates Cotton Leaf Morphology.

Leaf morphology critically influences photosynthetic efficiency, directly affecting crop yield and quality. In this study, a T-DNA insertion mutant (wl-D), characterized by a wrinkled-leaf phenotype, is identified. Genetic analysis reveals that this phenotype is governed by a single dominant gene, WRINKLED-LEAF 1 (GhWL1), which is highly expressed in wl-D compared to the wild type (WT).