Optimized light supply strategy comprehensively increases the synthesis of high-value cell inclusions in Rhodopseudomonas palustris using food waste fermentation broth: Process optimization and biosynthetic mechanism.

The bioconversion of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (PNSB) based on real food waste (FW) fermentation broth is crucial for FW resource recovery. This study enhanced the bioconversion efficiency of FW fermentation broth by PNSB through light intensity and photoperiod optimization, while elucidating the synthesis mechanisms of high-value cell inclusions. The results demonstrated that 4500 lx-L/D = 16/8 significantly enhanced R.

Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation: Material Types, Structural Strategies, and Emerging Applications.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) is an emerging eco-friendly and low-carbon technology and has been widely studied in the field of photothermal applications in recent years. With the attention and development of SDIE in innovation fields, new strategies, structures, and typical materials are gradually being developed and applied. Therefore, it is important to report on these latest developments.

Dynamic theta-alpha inter-brain model during mother-preschooler cooperation.

The interaction between mothers and young children is a highly dynamic process neurally characterized by inter-brain synchrony (IBS) at θ and/or α rhythms. However, their establishment, dynamic changes, and roles in mother-child interactions remain unknown. In this study, through a simultaneous dynamic analysis of inter-brain EEG synchrony, intra-brain EEG power, and interactive behaviors from 40 mother-preschooler dyads during turn-taking cooperation, we constructed a dynamic inter-brain model that θ-IBS and α-IBS alternated with interactive behaviors, with EEG frequency-shift as a prerequisite for IBS transitions.

Non-specific effects of different sham acupuncture methods and their impact on true acupuncture effectiveness in migraine: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Migraine, a major headache disorder of high prevalence, affects approximately one billion individuals globally and imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. Acupuncture, as a modality of complementary and alternative medicine, is increasingly used by patients for migraine management. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of acupuncture in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for this condition remains a subject of debate.

Substantial reductions in black carbon from both fossil fuels and biomass burning during China's Clean Air Action.

Black carbon (BC) aerosols exacerbate air pollution and climate warming, but their climatic impacts and sources are poorly constrained by bottom-up emission inventories (EIs). China's Clean Air Action (CAA), which was launched in 2013, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating interannual variations in source contributions and validate the accuracy of EIs. Here, we present an 11-y (2008-2018) record of the BC concentration and its source-diagnostic radiocarbon (C) and stable carbon isotope (C) signatures at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China.

Long-Term Outcomes After Fractional Flow Reserve vs Intravascular Ultrasound to Guide PCI: The FLAVOUR Trial Extended Follow-Up.

Background: The optimal treatment strategy for patients with intermediate coronary stenosis remains uncertain.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of a randomized, open-label, multinational trial comparing fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided vs intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided treatment strategies.

Methods: Patients aged ≥19 years with de novo intermediate coronary stenosis (40%-70%) and target vessel diameters ≥2.

An Efficient Two-Dimensional Functional Mixed-Effect Model Framework for Repeatedly Measured Functional Data.

Advancements in wearable device technology have enabled accelerometers to continuously record minute-by-minute physical activity over consecutive days, yielding curves serially correlated in dense and regular longitudinal design. Motivated by a large-scale cohort of physical activity data throughout a week, the collected repeatedly measured functional data exhibits longitudinal (interday) and functional (intraday) interactions on fine grids. To accommodate this complex data structure and investigate the relationship between health assessment results and weekly physical activity patterns, we propose an innovative and efficient two-dimensional functional mixed-effect model (2dFMM), characterizing the longitudinal and functional cross-variability while incorporating two-dimensional fixed effects and four-dimensional correlation structure in marginal representation.

Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for primary insomnia: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Primary insomnia (PI) is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly impacts quality of life. While pharmacological treatments are common, concerns about side effects and dependency have led to increased interest in non-pharmacological alternatives. This study systematically evaluates the efficacy and safety of various non-pharmacological therapies for adult PI through a network meta-analysis, providing evidence-based guidance for clinicians.

Demonstrating the antinode loss effect as the operational mechanism of broadband multilayer film absorbers.

Broadband multilayer film absorbers (BMFAs) consisting of alternating metallic and dielectric layers allow low-cost large-scale fabrication, which can be effectively applied in radiative-cooling, photodetector and photovoltaic, etc. The efficient design of BMFAs requires a clear physical understanding. Most studies indicate that Fabry-Perot resonance is the absorption mechanism of BMFAs.

Thermal characteristics analysis of an optical window in a space telescope.

Thermal characteristics are significant parameters for the thermal design of the optical window, which is an important part of the imaging spectrograph of the space telescope. They have a great impact on the temperature of optical window lenses and other optical elements such as the primary mirror, whose temperature is affected by the transmitted energy. For the optical window composed of multiple lenses, it is difficult to obtain thermal characteristics of each lens in the actually reaching solar spectral range through measurement, which causes difficulty in obtaining the accurate predicted temperature of the optical window and evaluating the thermal effect of transmitted energy on the telescope through simulation analysis.

Calcineurin/NFAT1/Smad2 signaling regulates microglial autophagy that contributes to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficit in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Objective: Sepsis-induced encephalopathy is a critical determinant of mortality, driven by microglial activation and excessive autophagy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Sepsis was induced in wild-type and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 1-deficient mice via cecal ligation and puncture.

In situ-formed immunotherapeutic hydrogel containing sphingosine-1-phosphate for enhanced lung cancer immunotherapy.

Limited infiltration of immune cells within tumors restricts the therapeutic efficiency of immune checkpoint blockades. Herein, we discover that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is down-regulated in patients with lung cancer who do not respond to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Our findings indicate that S1P gradient enhances the migration and viability of immune cells and promotes the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype primarily through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-activated nuclear factor κB and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathways.

Dynamic circulating tumor DNA indicates pathological benefits of additional neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy courses for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Introduction: Few studies have focused on the optimal cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCI). This study introduced minimal residual disease (MRD) based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and investigated the association between ctDNA-MRD and NCI cycles and pathological response.

Materials And Methods: This study was based on a phase III trial (NCT05157776).

[Clinical phenotype and genotypic analysis of a four-generation Chinese pedigree affected with Stickler syndrome and a literature review].

Objective: To carry out genetic testing and clinical phenotypic characterization on a four-generation Chinese pedigree affected with Stickler syndrome type I and explore its genotype-phenotype correlation.

Methods: A child presented at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in February 2023 for micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate and his family members were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected from the affected members, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 17 participants (including 4 patients and 13 asymptomatic individuals).

Improvement of anti-swelling property and anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings by the introduction of nanocrystalline cellulose composite.

In this work, the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a nanofiller on the corrosion protection of epoxy resin coatings was examined. To solve problems like poor solvent swelling resistance and micropore formation during the solidification and shrinkage of epoxy resin coatings, NCC was modified with a silane coupling agent. Alkyl chains and active amine groups were grafted onto its surface, improving the dispersibility of NCC in organic solvents and its bonding with epoxy resin.

Discovery of Rapid-Acting, Orally Available Antidepressants by Activating TrkB Signaling.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a significant global health burden, and its current treatments are limited by the delayed onset of efficacy weeks after dosing. While esketamine and psychedelics were clinically successful as rapid-acting antidepressants in recent years, these molecules are heavily associated with psychotic side effects and the risks of substance abuse. In this study, we identified a rapid-acting antidepressant through phenotypic screening and pharmacophore-oriented lead optimization.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Urine Cytology for Noninvasive Detection of Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multi-Center Diagnostic Study with Prospective Validation.

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of muscle invasion (MI) is critical for urothelial carcinoma (UC) management. The aim is to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) model based on urine cytology can accurately detect MIUC and compare its performance with radiologist assessments. UC patients underwent liquid-based urine cytology from four centers are included for model development/validation.

Clamshell thoracotomy for mediastinal mass resection: technical refinements and short-term outcomes in the largest single-center cohort.

Background: The Clamshell thoracotomy remains controversial for mediastinal mass resection because of its extensive exposure but significant injuries. This study evaluated its modern indications, technical refinements, and short-term outcomes at a high-volume center.

Methods: A single-center, single-arm prospective investigation was conducted on 78 patients who underwent Clamshell thoracotomy for mediastinal masses.

Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Human brain charts provide unprecedented opportunities for decoding neurodevelopmental milestones and establishing clinical benchmarks for precision brain medicine . However, current lifespan brain charts are primarily derived from European and North American cohorts, with Asian populations severely underrepresented. Here, we present the first population-specific brain charts for China, developed through the Chinese Lifespan Brain Mapping Consortium (Phase I) using neuroimaging data from 43,037 participants (aged 0-100 years) across 384 sites nationwide.

The PuWRKY29-PuMYB62 module responds to salicylic acid to inhibit the synthesis of stone cells in 'Nanguo' pear.

Stone cells serve as pivotal determinants of pear fruit quality, with their formation exhibiting a strong correlation with lignification processes. As a phenolic signaling molecule with multiple biological functions, salicylic acid (SA) plays essential roles in regulating fruit growth and developmental processes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying SA-mediated modulation of stone cell differentiation in pears remain poorly characterized.

Pterostilbene mitigates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Background: The natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) has multiple cardiovascular protective effects. However, its effects on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-associated vascular remodeling remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of PTE on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms in human primary pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (hPAECs) .

Ecological niche comparisons of 3 polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species using ensemble models with soil variables.

Invasive polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species, including Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), Zeugodacus tau (Walker), and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), pose significant threats to agricultural and food security, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study aims to develop and evaluate species distribution models to predict the potential distribution of the 3 tephritid species based on climatic, soil, and topographic factors. Individual models and ensemble models were employed and tested to identify suitable areas across the region.