Optimized light supply strategy comprehensively increases the synthesis of high-value cell inclusions in Rhodopseudomonas palustris using food waste fermentation broth: Process optimization and biosynthetic mechanism.

The bioconversion of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (PNSB) based on real food waste (FW) fermentation broth is crucial for FW resource recovery. This study enhanced the bioconversion efficiency of FW fermentation broth by PNSB through light intensity and photoperiod optimization, while elucidating the synthesis mechanisms of high-value cell inclusions. The results demonstrated that 4500 lx-L/D = 16/8 significantly enhanced R.

Saccharin Supplementation Aggravates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis through Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Intestinal-Impairment-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice.

Non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) administration has been proven to be likely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the effect of saccharin (SA), a major daily consumed NNS, on atherosclerosis (AS) progression remains insufficiently elucidated. In this study, free drinking water plus 0.

Differential pseudo-random phase-modulated continuous-wave coherent LiDAR.

This study presents a differential pseudo-random phase-modulated continuous-wave (DPR-PMCW) coherent LiDAR system designed for high-precision ranging of dynamic remote targets. The system employs a differential pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) to drive high-speed electro-optic phase modulation (EOPM). This approach eliminates the need for an independent local oscillator (LO) via what we believe to be a novel self-referenced interferometric receiver architecture.

R-DA-EPOCH Versus DA-EPOCH-R: Impact of Chemoimmunotherapy Sequencing on Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab (R) added to dose-adjusted (DA)-EPOCH (continuous infusion of etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide and prednisone) has become a standard treatment approach for high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. In contrast to pivotal trials that sequenced rituximab with the initiation of each chemoimmunotherapy cycle, our institution adopted delaying rituximab following discharge after EPOCH completion in patients requiring inpatient chemotherapy (DA-EPOCH-R). Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab sequencing with EPOCH initiation and after EPOCH administration.

Integrated network pharmacology and experimental validation reveal EGFR/p53/Bcl-2-mediated anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of Zedoary Turmeric Oil.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Curcumae Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine derived from the dried rhizome of Curcuma species, has long been used to treat liver-related disorders. In the classical medical text Taiping Shenghui Fang, it was recorded for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Its major chemical constituents include curcumin and Zedoary Turmeric Oil (ZTO).

Development and validation of a deep learning model based on cascade mask regional convolutional neural network to noninvasively and accurately identify human round spermatids.

Introduction: The difficulty of identifying human round spermatids (hRSs) has impeded applications of the human round spermatid injection (ROSI) technique. RSs can be accurately screened through flow cytometric analysis utilizing the Hoechst fluorescence profile reflecting DNA, but this method is not suitable for isolating hRSs due to the toxicity associated with Hoechst staining.

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of a deep learning model grounded in a cascade mask region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) for the noninvasive and accurate identification of hRSs.

Antagonistic effects of polystyrene microplastics and tetracycline on Chlorella pyrenoidosa as revealed by infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis.

Microplastics and antibiotics are typical emerging contaminants in the environment, posing considerable risks to the ecosystem and human health. Previous studies have reported synergistic or antagonistic effects in the presence of both microplastics and antibiotics, destructing cell membrane, inhibiting photosynthetic capability, and inducing antioxidant enzyme activity. However, there is still lack of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms.

A Gremlin 1-expressing splenic niche cell population restrains chronic myeloid leukemia by antagonizing the BMP pathway.

The spleen plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. However, our understanding of the splenic niche is very limited. Herein, we report that induced expression of the secreted protein Gremlin 1 in a mouse model restrains chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression and synergizes with tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, whereas blockade of Gremlin 1 promotes CML development.

Leveraging Deep Learning in Real-Time Intelligent Bladder Tumor Detection During Cystoscopy: A Diagnostic Study.

Background: Accurate detection of bladder lesions during cystoscopy is crucial for early tumor diagnosis and recurrence monitoring. However, conventional visual inspection methods have low and inconsistent detection rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the HRNetV2 deep learning model for intelligent bladder lesion detection, focusing on its performance at different image resolutions.

Regulation of Electron and Mass Transport Pathways in Efficient and Stable Low-Loading PEM Water Electrolyzers.

Improving the utilization of iridium in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer is critical in reducing their cost for future development. Titanium dioxide (TiO) has notable electrochemical stability at high operating potential and has been developed as a promising support of iridium-based OER nano-catalysts. However, limited by insufficient conductivity, the iridium content on TiO support catalysts is normally above 50 wt.

Advances in chemically modified HSA as a multifunctional carrier for transforming cancer therapy regimens.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a versatile, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic protein nanocarrier, making it an ideal platform for developing advanced drug delivery systems. These properties have garnered significant attention in utilizing HSA nanoparticles for the safe and efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. HSA-based nanoparticles can be surface-modified with various ligands to enable tumor-targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic specificity and efficacy.

Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and permeability transition pore opening in OPA1 iPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells.

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most common inherited optic neuropathy, characterised by the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Over 60% of DOA cases are caused by pathogenic variants in the OPA1 gene, which encodes a dynamin-related GTPase protein. OPA1 plays a key role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network, mitochondrial DNA integrity and bioenergetic function.

5-HT orchestrates histone serotonylation and citrullination to drive neutrophil extracellular traps and liver metastasis.

Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to tumorigenesis. Whether and how 5-HT modulates cells in the microenvironment to regulate tumor metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that 5-HT was secreted by neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells to communicate with neutrophils and to induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the liver, which in turn facilitated the recruitment of disseminated cancer cells and promoted liver metastasis.

A fluorinated prodrug strategy enhances the therapeutic index of nanoparticle-delivered hydrophilic drugs.

The low therapeutic index of hydrophilic drugs with potent pharmacological effects limits their effectiveness and clinical application. A common strategy to enhance hydrophilic drug delivery involves combining amphiphilic prodrugs with nanoparticle delivery systems; however, this approach often fails to overcome exclusion by stem cell-like circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This study introduces a fluorinated prodrug strategy designed to enhance intracellular protein interactions and reduce this exclusion.

Interactions of non-starch polysaccharides with the gut microbiota and the effect of non-starch polysaccharides with different structures on the metabolism of the gut microbiota: A review.

Humans consume large amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NPs) daily. Some NPs, not absorbed by the body, proceed to the intestines. An increasing number of studies reveal a close relationship between NPs and gut microbiota(GM) that impact the human body.

Progress of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-based modulation of immune response by traditional Chinese medicine in clinical diseases.

The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is a critical component of the innate immune response, playing a significant role in various diseases. As a central element of this pathway, STING responds to both endogenous and exogenous DNA stimuli, triggering the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines to enhance immune defenses against tumors and pathogens. However, dysregulated activation of the STING pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including autoinflammation, viral infections, and cancer.

Enhancement of volatile fatty acids to extremely high content in fermentation of food waste: Optimization of conditions, microbial functional genes, and mechanisms.

The engineering application of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from food waste (FW) can significantly enhance resource utilization. Enhancing VFA production is crucial for advancing this engineering application. This study presented a economically-feasible method to achieve high VFA production from FW: Conducting fermentation at pH 9 and 37 ℃ with addition of 20 % anaerobic sludge significantly increased the conversion of FW to VFAs (80.

Investigation of chromatin remodeling-related biomarkers and associated molecular mechanism in pulpitis.

The current study aimed to identify potential chromatin remodeling-related biomarkers and the associated molecular mechanisms in pulpitis. Differentially expressed genes associated with chromatin remodeling (DECRGs) were identified using datasets from an online database. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed based on the DECRGs to identify biomarkers for pulpitis, followed by GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis).

Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis should not be defined as regional lymph node metastasis in cervical and upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The importance of supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) metastasis in cervical and upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed definition of the range of SCLN regions and to explore whether SCLNs should be considered as a regional lymph nodes for patients with cervical and upper thoracic ESCC. A retrospective analysis was performed on 230 patients with locally advanced cervical or upper thoracic ESCC who underwent radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for targeted oral delivery of doxorubicin: Lymphatic transport and CD44 engagement.

The oral delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug, encounters multiple hurdles such as limited gastrointestinal permeability, P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, brief intestinal residence, and rapid degradation. This study introduced a novel approach utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA)-grafted fatty acid monoglycerides (HGD) to encapsulate DOX, forming HGD-DOX nanoparticles, aimed at enhancing its oral bioavailability. Drug encapsulated by HGD provided several advantages, including extended drug retention in the gastrointestinal tract, controlled release kinetics, and promotion of lymphatic absorption in the intestine.

The efficacy and safety of rituximab with or without glucocorticoid in inducing remission of MCD with different clinical presentations in adults: a retrospective study.

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) with or without glucocorticoid (GC) in inducing remission of minimal change disease (MCD) in adults.

Methods: Twenty-one adult MCD patients were included in the study. The patients were assigned to the following three groups according to their background before RTX treatment: an RTX single drug direct induction treatment group (Group A;  = 9), a short-term, low-dose GC combined with RTX induction treatment group (Group B;  = 4), and a short-term, adequate-dose GC-induced remission and RTX maintenance treatment group (Group C;  = 8).

Nutrient deficiency patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults with hypertension: a latent class analysis.

Background: Previous researches examining the impact of dietary nutrition on mortality risk have mainly focused on individual nutrients, however the interaction of these nutrients has not been considered. The purpose of this study was to identify of nutrient deficiencies patterns and analyze their potential impact on mortality risk in older adults with hypertension.

Methods: We included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study.