Simplified Assessment of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Environmental Organophosphorus Pesticides.

Environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, can inhibit the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme necessary for neurotransmission. The inhibitory effects of structurally diverse pesticides on AChE may result from either reversible or covalent interactions. Therefore, assessing their potency typically requires different assay design to determine either dissociation constants or rate constants, respectively.

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of HSK following corneal transplantation.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) infection following corneal transplantation.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients who underwent corneal transplantation at the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 2018 and March 2024, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. The study examined post-transplantation herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, including the timing of HSV infection, HSK classification, clinical manifestations, and outcomes.

An arginine chiral sensor based on walnut-like molecularly imprinted polymers.

Enantioselective discrimination of chiral amino acids is critically important across biomedicine, pharmacology, and food science, given the distinct biological roles of D- and L-enantiomers. In this study, a novel chiral sensor based on walnut-shaped molecularly imprinted polymers (w-MIPs) was developed for the highly sensitive and selective recognition of D- and L-arginine (Arg). The unique core-shell w-MIPs architecture, containing targeted binding sites, was synthesized tailored precipitation polymerization and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Preliminary screening of urinary host protein biomarkers for Schistosomiasis haematobium: A proteome profiling study identifying candidate diagnostic targets in school-aged children.

Schistosomiasis is a major public health challenge and a globally neglected tropical disease. Schistosoma haematobium, the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, is endemic in African countries; with school-aged children ages 7-15 years being the most vulnerable population. Current diagnostic methods rely on microscopy to identify parasite eggs in urine; which is labor-intensive, requires specialized skills, and often lacks sensitivity, especially in mild infections.

Ligand- and tissue-specific differences in the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by flavonoids: A focus on baicalein and scutellarein.

Flavonoids are natural dietary modulators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) with considerable therapeutic potential. However, their safety and efficacy remain difficult to predict due to the complex, ligand- and tissue-specific differences of AHR. In this study, we combined transcriptional and protein-level experiments with computational methods, including molecular docking and R-based RNA-seq analyses, to elucidate the patterns of cell type-specific activation of AHR by structurally similar flavonoids.

Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(-) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025.

RNA viruses are ubiquitous in the environment and are important pathogens of humans, animals and plants. In 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(-) Viruses Subcommittee submitted 18 taxonomic proposals for consideration. These proposals expanded the known virosphere by classifying 9 new genera and 88 species for newly detected virus genomes.

Morphologic features of crystalline lens in cataract patients with different lens sclerosis and axial length.

Introduction: To investigate morphological features of crystalline lens in cataract patients and examine the association between lens nucleus sclerosis, axial length (AL), and lens morphology.

Methods: This retrospective study consecutive included 285 left cataract eyes at Peking University Third Hospital between July 2022 and June 2023. Lens parameters were measured using CASIA2 and IOL Master 700.

Synergistic neurotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles and MEHP in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The surge in global plastic usage has exacerbated the pollution of nanoplastics and plasticizers in aquatic ecosystems, causing widespread concern about population health issues. We used a zebrafish model to investigate the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) and plasticizer metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), revealing the synergistic neurotoxic effects and potential mechanisms of compound exposure. Co-exposure amplifies the bioaccumulation of PS-NPs (p < 0.

Variations in salivary microbiota and metabolic phenotype related to oral lichen planus with psychiatric symptoms.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with a certain tendency for malignant transformation. The etiology and pathogenesis of OLP remain unclear, and the relationship between psychiatric factors and the development of OLP has attracted much attention in recent years. This study aims to investigate the alterations in oral microbiota and metabolites in OLP patients with psychiatric symptoms, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of OLP.

Neurotoxicity of chronic nano-neodymium oxide exposure in zebrafish: Behavioral and molecular insights.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial in modern technology and essential for the transition to a low-carbon economy. Despite the rising global demand for nano-neodymium oxide (NPs-NdO), a rare earth nanoparticle, comprehensive studies on its neurotoxic effects are limited. This study aims to elucidate the chronic neurotoxic effects of NPs-NdO and explore their molecular mechanisms.

O-GalNAc Glycosylation Activates MBL-Mediated Complement and Coagulation Cascades to Drive Organotropic Metastasis.

Liver metastasis is prevalent among patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and other types of neuroendocrine (NE) cancers, featuring with an aggressive clinical course and a dismal prognosis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver-specific metastatic tropism in NE cancers remain poorly understood. Intriguingly, it is found that NEPC liver metastatic foci are frequently associated with thrombi.

Unexpected high prevalence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and widely spread of bla-positive Shewanella spp. in retail shrimp.

Carbapenems, critical last-resort antibiotics, are increasingly ineffective due to the spread of carbapenemase-producing pathogens, particularly New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacteria. Although NDM has been detected in a variety of environmental and clinical sources, its prevalence in seafood, especially shrimp, remains underexplored despite shrimp being a widely consumed food. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of NDM-producing bacteria in shrimp.

Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles induce AHR-mediated hepatotoxicity in zebrafish via oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation.

Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (LaO NPs) are extensively utilized in industrial, medical, and technological fields and are increasingly infiltrating aquatic ecosystems; however, their ecotoxicological impacts remain poorly understood. This study used zebrafish to elucidate the hepatotoxicity induced by LaO NPs through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and metabolic dysregulation. Exposure to LaO NPs triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload in the liver of larvae, provoking oxidative damage and hepatocyte apoptosis.

Perturbations in gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder commonly accompanied by gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal symptoms. Accumulating evidence supports a crucial role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ASD. However, the alteration of gut microbiota shows high heterogeneity across different studies.

Neurosensory binocular vision after bilateral implantation of an extended depth of focus intraocular lens with micro-monovision: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the presbyopia-correcting performance, binocular visual quality and neurosensory binocular vision of bilateral implantation of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) with micro-monovision and compare this IOL with two multifocal IOLs.

Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with bilateral implantation of diffractive EDOF IOL (Tecnis Symfony ZXR00, Abbott Medical Optics, Inc.), diffractive trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) and refractive rotationally asymmetric bifocal IOL (SBL-3, Lenstec, Inc.

An integrated analysis revealing that Sirt1-mediated decreased autophagy in the hippocampus of animal models of depression.

Background: Depression is a complex and prevalent mental disorder. Numerous studies have reported there were significant metabolomic and proteomic changes in hippocampus of depressed patients. However, few researches have systematically integrated these two omics data to identify key molecular mechanisms underlying depression.

Improving the shock resistance of anaerobic digestion under demand-oriented biogas production mode by using converter steel slag powder.

Introducing flexible biogas production (FB) can result in instantaneous high-shock loads for anaerobic digestion system, posing risks to the system's stable operation. Steel slag, a typical metallurgical solid waste, has been demonstrated to enhance the buffering capacity of digestion systems, thereby increasing methane production and achieving 'waste treatment using waste'. However, its efficacy under high-shock loads in FB is uncertain.

Emergence of Linezolid Resistance Genes and (D) in an from Chicken.

The emergence of linezolid resistance, mediated by genes such as and (D), poses a growing public health threat. While these genes have been detected in clinical and animal-derived species, their presence in underexplored species like remains undocumented, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of their dissemination and stability. : GXN23C125Es was screened for the presence of known linezolid resistance genes via PCR analysis.

Synergistic activity of menadione in combination with colistin against colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Objective: Antibiotic resistance poses a formidable challenge, especially with the emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin serves as a last-resort antibiotic to combat multidrug-resistance, but it is limited by its nephrotoxicity and rising resistance. This study introduces menadione, a synthetic form of vitamin K, as a potential adjuvant to enhance colistin's efficacy against both susceptible and resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria.

The effect and mechanisms of nano cerium dioxide (Nano-CeO) on cardiovascular development in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The widespread application of nano-cerium dioxide (Nano-CeO) in agriculture, industry, and other fields has led to an increasing amount of it being released into the environment and becoming a pollutant with potential biological hazards. However, studies on the effects of ceria on cardiovascular development were limited. This study aims to detect the cardiovascular toxicity of Nano-CeO, focusing on its impact on zebrafish hematopoietic function and cardiac development, and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms.

Region-specific quantitation of glycosphingolipids in the elderly human brain with Nanoflow MEA Chip Q/ToF mass spectrometry.

Glycosphingolipids are a unique class of bioactive lipids responsible for lateral membrane organization and signaling found in high abundance in the central nervous system. Using nanoflow MEA Chip Q/ToF mass spectrometry, we profiled the intact glycosphingolipids of the elderly human brain in a region-specific manner. By chromatographic separation of glycan and ceramide isomers, we determined gangliosides to be the highest source of heterogeneity between regions with the expression of a- and b-series glycan structures.

PsycGM: a comprehensive database for associations between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric disorders pose substantial global burdens on public health, yet therapeutic options remain limited. Recently, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research on psychiatric disorders, as emerging discoveries have highlighted the importance of gut microbiome in the regulation of central nervous system via mediating the gut-brain-axis bidirectional communication. While metagenomics studies have accumulated for psychiatric disorders, few systematic efforts were dedicated to integrating these high-throughput data across diverse phenotypes, interventions, geographical regions, and biological species.

A Gremlin 1-expressing splenic niche cell population restrains chronic myeloid leukemia by antagonizing the BMP pathway.

The spleen plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. However, our understanding of the splenic niche is very limited. Herein, we report that induced expression of the secreted protein Gremlin 1 in a mouse model restrains chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression and synergizes with tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, whereas blockade of Gremlin 1 promotes CML development.

Progressive Knowledge Transfer Network Based on Human Visual Perception Mechanism for No-Reference Point Cloud Quality Assessment.

Point cloud perceptual quality assessment plays a critical role in many applications, including compression and communication. We propose PKT-PCQA, a point-based no-reference point cloud quality assessment deep learning network that emulates the human visual system by using progressive knowledge transfer to convert coarse-grained quality classification knowledge into a fine-grained quality prediction task. PKT-PCQA exploits local and global features, as well as an attention mechanism based on spatial and channel attention modules.

Systematical Comparison Reveals Distinct Brain Transcriptomic Characteristics in Depression Models Induced by Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Chronic Stress.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating psychiatric illness with various etiologies. Both chronic stress and gut microbiome dysbiosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. However, limited research has been conducted to delineate the distinct effects of these two pathogenic factors on the brain transcriptome.