Identification of a Novel Core Structure of Apo-Ido1 Inhibitors Through Virtual Screening and Preliminary Hit Optimization.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme considered as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the further development of traditional IDO1 inhibitors has been hindered by their limited clinical efficacy. Recently, type IV apo-IDO1 inhibitors offer a new strategy for developing IDO1 inhibitors due to their highly selective and durable inhibition.

In Situ Exfoliation of Covalent Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Two-dimensional nanosheets exhibit largely enhanced photocatalytic activities for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. Conventionally, the nanosheets are fabricated through ex situ approaches (i.e.

Association between free water and longitudinal dynamics of recent small subcortical infarcts: a study based on diffusion tensor imaging.

The mechanisms underlying the different morphological evolution of recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSIs)-ranging from cavitation to complete disappearance-remain incompletely understood. Free water (FW), derived from diffusion tensor image, has emerged as a sensitive marker reflecting various pathophysiological processes that may influence RSSI evolution. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline FW measures and their longitudinal changes are associated with the morphological evolution of RSSIs.

scELMo: Embeddings from Language Models are Good Learners for Single-cell Data Analysis.

Various Foundation Models (FMs) have been built based on the pre-training and fine-tuning framework to analyze single-cell data with different degrees of success. In this manuscript, we propose a method named scELMo (Single-cell Embedding from Language Models), to analyze single-cell data that utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) as a generator for both the description of metadata information and the embeddings for such descriptions. We combine the embeddings from LLMs with the raw data under the zero-shot learning framework to further extend its function by using the fine-tuning framework to handle different tasks.

Leveraging genome and transcriptome sequencing to decipher fungicide resistance mechanisms in crop pathogenic fungi: current status and prospects.

Fungicide resistance in crop-pathogenic fungi presents a major threat to global agriculture, jeopardizing food security and sustainable crop production. This review thoroughly explores the use of genomic and transcriptomic sequencing technologies to uncover the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying fungicide resistance in various phytopathogens. Resistance develops through both target-site mutations, such as changes in CYP51 and β-tubulin genes, and nontarget-site mechanisms, including metabolic detoxification, efflux pump overexpression and stress response modulation.

Resilience and bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students: the mediating role of perceived stress and moderating roles of self-compassion and gender.

Background: Bedtime procrastination has become increasingly prevalent in China in recent years. Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative effects of bedtime procrastination on individuals’ physical and mental health. The present study aims to examine the relationship between resilience and bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students, as well as to explore the mediating role of perceived stress and the dual moderating roles of self-compassion and gender.

Electrochemical Detection of Fluoride Ions Enhanced by 3-Aminophenylboronic Acid Manipulated MIL-100(Fe)/g-CN Nanocomposite.

The traditional analysis methods for fluoride ions, including potentiometric titration and chromatography, suffer from issues such as complex analysis processes, high costs, and long duration. Here, a typical nanocomposite, consisting of an iron metal-organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) with surface defects and graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), has been successfully developed through regulation by 3-aminophenylboric acid, specifically for the fabrication of fluoride ion sensors. The electrochemical behavior of fluoride ions was investigated using the modified electrode via differential pulse voltammetry.

Limbic functional connectivity during stress induction and post-stress rest regulates cortisol stress reactivity and recovery differently.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its end-product cortisol play an important role in adaptation to stressful situations. Previous studies have suggested brain regions in the limbic area (e.g.

A Computational Framework for Tailored Preventive Care Recommendations Using Electronic Health Records.

Most healthcare systems worldwide are designed to be reactive. According to the U.S.

Lower Extremity Bypass Surveillance and Peak Systolic Velocities Value Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Networks.

Routine duplex ultrasound surveillance is recommended after femoral-popliteal and femoral-tibial-pedal vein bypass grafts at various post-operative intervals. Currently, there is no systematic method for bypass graft surveillance using a set of peak systolic velocities (PSVs) collected during these exams. This research aims to explore the use of recurrent neural networks to predict the next set of PSVs, which can then indicate occlusion status.

Reconfigurable Integrated High-Speed Thermal Metamaterial Pixel Arrays.

Thermal signatures carry unique infrared appearances and spectral fingerprints of objects, but controlling them across spatial, temporal, and spectral domains remains challenging due to thermal emission's slow, diffuse, and broadband emitting nature. We demonstrate a reconfigurable ultrafast thermal metamaterial pixel array integrating active metasurfaces with dual-gate graphene transistors (Gr-FETs). Each pixel's Gr-FETs provide heater-switch dual functionalities: one as a broadband transparent microheater supporting arbitrary metasurface designs for multicolor, narrowband infrared emission with ultrafast modulation speed of minimum 187 kHz, and the other as an electrical switch enabling unified array control without compromising emission intensity.

Diagnostic value of Peptest™ combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire in identifying patients with gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough.

ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux-related chronic cough (GERC), an extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although 24h MII-pH monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing GERC, its invasiveness, high cost, and limited accessibility hinder widespread use in many clinical settings. This study aimed to develop a non-invasive machine learning model incorporating Peptest™ and GerdQ scores to facilitate GERC detection, particularly in primary care and resource-limited environments where MII-pH testing is not readily available.

Exploring the mediating role of the plasma lipidome in the pathway from the gut microbiota to dementia: a Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated a potential association between the gut microbiota (GM) and dementia; however, the exact cause-and-effect relationships between GM, various types of dementia, and the potential influence of the plasma lipidome as intermediaries are still unclear.

Material And Methods: We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to identify GM taxa, plasma lipid species (lipidome), and five types of dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and vascular dementia (VD). We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the possible causal connections among the GM, plasma lipidome, and dementias.

Titanium implant can promote M2 polarization with macrophages activation which contribute to osteogenesis and angiogenesis via inactivates JAKS signaling pathway.

Unlabelled: Implants can regulate the phenotypic transformation of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-type to anti-inflammatory M2-type, and macrophage polarization plays an important role in the process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of the regulation of macrophage polarization by titanium implants. Macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ to induce inflammatory microenvironment in vitro.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Automatic Speech Recognition Technology in Emergency Medicine Settings: a Comparative Study of Four AI-Powered Engines.

Unlabelled: This study investigates the potential of advanced automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology for transcribing and recognizing medical information during patient encounters, with the aim of enabling real-time clinical documentation to alleviate clinicians' workload. While ASR holds promise, its effectiveness in noisy and dynamic medical settings, such as emergency medical services (EMS), remains underexplored. To address this, four ASR engines-Google Speech-to-Text Clinical Conversation, OpenAI Speech-to-Text, Amazon Transcribe Medical, and Azure Speech-to-Text-were evaluated using 40 EMS simulation recordings.

A Dual-Functional NIR Fluorescent Probe for Detection SO Derivatives and Colorimetric Sensing pH as well as its Applications in Food Monitoring and Hepatoma Cells Imaging.

Abnormal SO derivative levels can induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which is associated with liver cancer disease. The pH levels is also a significance parameter in the process of food spoilage. It is evident that developing a detection tool for SO derivatives in biological systems and pH fluctuations in food samples is of great significance.

A 2-Stage Approach to Alveolar Cleft Repair with Combined Cortical and Cancellous Bone Grafting.

Background: Achieving optimal efficacy in secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) poses a considerable challenge for patients with alveolar clefts after canine eruption. This study introduces a novel technique called the "2-stage SABG" to improve the treatment outcomes for patients who have missed the optimal timing for bone grafting.

Methods: Patients aged 12 years and older, presenting with unilateral, complete alveolar clefts after canine eruption, were divided into 2 cohorts: conventional and 2-stage groups.

Association Between Education Levels and Cognitive Decline Trajectories Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Five Waves of Follow-Up: A Group-Based Trajectory Modelling Approach.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory of cognitive decline and explore the association between education levels and the trajectory of cognitive decline among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) among Chinese middle-aged and older adults with five waves of follow-up, 2011-2020. Education levels were self-reported by the participants at baseline.

Lighting Up Healing: Green Light-Driven Dual Gasotransmitters Release against MRSA Wound Infections.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) represents a major clinical challenge as a predominant pathogen causing chronic and difficult-to-treat wound infections. Effective strategies that simultaneously combat bacterial infection and promote tissue regeneration are essential yet challenging for managing MRSA-related wound complications. Herein, we report the design of a novel integrated dual-gas release molecular platform, which enable the phototriggered simultaneous release of NO and CO within a single molecular entity, i.

CAP-Net: Carotid Artery Plaque Segmentation System Based on Computed Tomography Angiography.

Rationale And Objectives: Diagnosis of carotid plaques from head and neck CT angiography (CTA) scans is typically time-consuming and labor-intensive, leading to limited studies and unpleasant results in this area. The objective of this study is to develop a deep-learning-based model for detection and segmentation of carotid plaques using CTA images.

Materials And Methods: CTA images from 1061 patients (765 male; 296 female) with 4048 carotid plaques were included and split into a 75% training-validation set and a 25% independent test set.

Assessment of diffusivity along the perivascular space in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics plays a key role in clearing soluble amyloid-β from the brain, which may impact Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset.ObjectiveThis study seeks to differentiate cerebrospinal fluid dysfunction between early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD) subtypes and to examine their associations with brain changes and cognitive function.MethodsWe performed in vivo imaging measurements on 40 EOAD patients, 38 LOAD patients, 69 age-matched young normal controls (YNC), and 60 old normal controls (ONC).

Generating synthetic genotypes using diffusion models.

Summary: In this paper, we introduce the first diffusion model designed to generate complete synthetic human genotypes, which, by standard protocols, one can straightforwardly expand into full-length, DNA-level genomes. The synthetic genotypes mimic real human genotypes without just reproducing known genotypes, in terms of approved metrics. When training biomedically relevant classifiers with synthetic genotypes, accuracy is near-identical to the accuracy achieved when training classifiers with real data.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of current guidelines, and their evidence base, on risk of renal function after administration of contrast medium for diabetic patients receiving metformin.

Purpose: Our study aimed to determine through a meta-analysis whether continuing metformin use in diabetic patients receiving contrast agents would increase the risk of renal impairment and metabolic abnormalities.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the inception dates to March 2024. The included studies comparing metformin users and non-users during contrast agent administration in diabetic patients.

Global identification and characterization of soybean TPR genes with expression analysis under photoperiod variations.

TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) proteins are conserved transcriptional co-repressors vital for plant growth and development. However, the functions of soybean TPR (GmTPR) gene family members and their roles in photoperiod responses remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 12 TPR genes in the soybean genome, distributed across 11 chromosomes.

Landscape and mA post-transcriptional regulation of soybean proteome.

The soybean is a critical source of vegetable protein, but its proteome remains undercharacterized. Here, we quantify 12,855 proteins across 14 soybean organs using 4D data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (4D-DIA-MS), creating the most extensive soybean proteome dataset to date. Organ-specific protein expression and co-expression analyses highlight functional specificity with significant differences in protein-transcript abundance across organs.