Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation: Material Types, Structural Strategies, and Emerging Applications.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) is an emerging eco-friendly and low-carbon technology and has been widely studied in the field of photothermal applications in recent years. With the attention and development of SDIE in innovation fields, new strategies, structures, and typical materials are gradually being developed and applied. Therefore, it is important to report on these latest developments.

Microchannel-confined droplet-based electricity generator for biomechanical energy conversion and sensing.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are positioned as a critical sustainable power solution for harvesting low-frequency mechanical energy or sensing. Although solid-solid contact-based TENGs can provide sustainable power to diminish external battery reliance and enhance portability and operational longevity, suboptimal energy output at low-frequency excitation, irreversible material damage under long-term operation and inadequate energy supply remain a challenge. Solid-liquid contact-based TENGs present an alternative approach, but rigid and bulky configurations hinder their integration toward wearable devices and the development of real applications.

Large-scale convolutional neural network for clinical target and multi-organ segmentation in gynecologic brachytherapy via multi-stage learning.

Background: Accurate segmentation of high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) is crucial for optimizing gynecologic brachytherapy treatment planning. However, performing this segmentation on Computed Tomography (CT) images remains particularly challenging due to anatomical variability, limited soft-tissue contrast, and the scarcity of annotated datasets. Compared to other radiotherapy domains, CT-based gynecologic brachytherapy segmentation is notably underrepresented in benchmarking studies.

Discovery of Tamsulosin Derivatives with Shifted Selectivity from the α-Adrenergic Receptor to ANO1 as Potent Antiosteoporotic Agents.

ANO1, a calcium-activated chloride channel, is a newly reported therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Tamsulosin (), an approved α-AR antagonist, was previously discovered to be a novel ANO1 allosteric inhibitor. Here, a series of derivatives were designed and synthesized with the aim of developing selective ANO1 inhibitors for osteoporosis treatment.

Dosimetric comparison between I-125 seed implantation and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with hepatic malignancies.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the dosimetric values of I-125 seed implantation with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of hepatic cancer patients.

Methods And Materials: The study retrospectively analyzed 23 patients with hepatic malignancies treated with SBRT. A virtual I-125 seed implantation plan was simulated for comparison.

Detection and segmentation of brain metastases on MRI using 3D-MedDCNet.

Background: Brain metastases are a prevalent and serious complication in cancer patients. For effective treatment planning, precise segmentation is required. While conventional standard neural networks have improved automation, they struggle to detect small metastases without increasing false positives.

Bionic Pneumatic-Driven Actuator for Underwater Sensing and Motion Control.

Biological organisms exhibit remarkable capabilities to dynamically adjust their physiological states through autonomous neural perception and adaptive locomotion, offering profound inspiration for the development of intelligent bionic systems. Particularly, the locomotion mechanisms of aquatic species hold transformative potential for underwater exploration technologies. However, current technologies rely on centralized control architectures with slow response and weak predictive capabilities, restricting the creation of interactive platforms for the sensitive perception and recognition of the environment.

A Transparent Droplet-Based Electricity Generator Utilizing Patterned Wetting Surfaces.

Developing efficient technologies to convert renewable energy into electricity is crucial for the advancement of sustainable solutions. As a promising innovation, droplet-based electricity generators with transistor-inspired architectures have demonstrated remarkable potential in the harvesting of energy from water. However, the widespread adoption of conventional devices is hindered by critical limitations, including poor mechanical stability due to electrode peeling and restricted transparency of opaque electrodes, which compromise flexibility and long-term performance.

Synergistic Electron-Deficient Surface Engineering: A Key Factor in Dictating Electron Carrier Extraction for Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Work function modulation of transparent conductive oxides via self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) facilitates efficient hole or electron extraction in optoelectronic devices. However, recent SAMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) diverge from traditional interfacial dipole orientation design principles, instead leveraging electron-rich and electron-deficient surface modifications. In light of these discrepancies, this study systematically analyses electron-deficient materials of varying strength, revealing the dominance of surface modifications over interfacial dipole orientation.

Momentum-dependent field-effect transistor.

The silicon-based field-effect transistor (FET) is approaching the physical limits for the prominent short-channel effects and the sequent leakage currents under the conventional paradigm. Here, we propose a momentum-dependent field-effect transistor (MD-FET) to address this issue, in which a monolayer 2D semiconductor is sandwiched by two cross 1D carbon nanotube electrodes. The MD-FET enables a perfect off state, as the elastic tunneling is forbidden by the momentum mismatch between the cross 1D contacts.

Cross-linked multifunctional bilayer polymer buffer for enhanced efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells.

Addressing the stability challenges induced by the chemical interactions between metal electrodes and perovskite components is essential for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we design a bilayer multifunctional polymer buffer composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 2-((2-methyl-3-(2-((2-methylbutanoyl)oxy)ethoxy)-3-oxopropyl)thio)-3-(methylthio)succinic acid (PDMEA), inserting into the interface of metal electrode/transporting layer. This buffer mitigates metal atom diffusion by forming thioether-metal-carboxyl chelation rings between the metal layer and PDMEA.

Systematic benchmarking of large Language models in programmed cell death-oriented gastric cancer research: a comparative analysis of DeepSeek‑V3, DeepSeek‑R1, and Claude 3.5.

Objectives: We intended to compare three language models (DeepSeek‑V3, DeepSeek‑R1, and Claude 3.5) regarding their ability to address programmed cell death mechanisms in gastric cancer. We aimed to establish which model most accurately reflects clinical standards and guidelines.

The Long Head of Biceps Tendon Tenotomy in Idiopathic Glenohumeral Adhesive Capsulitis Surgery Improves Early Rehabilitation Outcomes.

Objective: Idiopathic glenohumeral adhesive capsulitis, known as idiopathic frozen shoulder (IFS) and characterized by pain and limited motion of the shoulder, is often treated by arthroscopic capsule release surgery, though residual symptoms may remain postoperatively. Due to overlapping symptoms and shared anatomical involvement, it is hard to distinguish the source of shoulder pain between concurrent long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) inflammation and IFS. The study aimed to verify that LHBT tenotomy, compared with leaving it in situ, could provide better pain reduction and shoulder mobility in early rehabilitation of post-arthroscopic IFS capsule release surgery.

Implications of gut microbiota-mediated epigenetic modifications in intestinal diseases.

Intestinal diseases are highly prevalent, affecting millions worldwide and significantly contributing to global morbidity. The treatment of complex disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), remains challenging due to multifactorial etiologies, diverse patient responses, and the limitations of current therapeutic strategies. Although the gut microbiota clearly plays a role in regulating the onset of intestinal diseases, few studies have explored the epigenetic factors by which the microbiota contributes to disease development.

MAGI1 attenuates osteoarthritis by regulating osteoclast fusion in subchondral bone through the RhoA-ROCK1 signaling pathway.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder that predominantly affects middle-aged or elderly individuals. Subchondral bone remodeling due to osteoclast hyperactivation is regarded as a major feature of early OA. During osteoclast fusion and multinucleation, the cytoskeleton reorganization leads to the formation of actin belts and ultimately bone resorption.

HPOseq: a deep ensemble model for predicting the protein-phenotype relationships based on protein sequences.

Background: Understanding the relationships between proteins and specific disease phenotypes contributes to the early detection of diseases and advances the development of personalized medicine. The acquisition of a large amount of proteomics data has facilitated this process. To improve discovery efficiency and reduce the time and financial costs associated with biological experiments, various computational methods have yielded promising results.

Harnessing the leading edge: machine learning ventures in chemistry and materials science.

The widespread application of machine learning (ML) is profoundly transforming traditional research methods in materials science and chemistry, bringing new opportunities while also posing significant challenges and risks. Improper use of ML methods can lead to biased and misleading research outcomes. This review outlines the application processes of ML in the fields of materials science and chemistry, providing an in-depth analysis of potential issues at each stage with case studies, including data management, model construction, evaluation, and shared risks in data reporting.

Achieving 32% Efficiency in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Bidentate-Anchored Superwetting Self-Assembled Molecular Layers.

The inhomogeneity of hole-selective self-assembled molecular layers (SAMLs) often arises from the insufficient bonding between anchors and metal oxide, particularly on textured silicon surfaces when fabricating monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (P/S-TSCs) and the hydrophobic carbazole complicates the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films. To address this, we developed a novel bidentate-anchored superwetting aromatic SAM based on an upside-down carbazole core as a hole-selective layer (HSL), denoted as ((9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(phosphonic acid) (2PhPA-CzH). The bisphosphonate-anchored exhibited enhanced adsorption capabilities and efficient hole extraction/transport, and the reversely substituted carbazole ring contributed a friendly super wetting underlayer that enabled high-quality perovskite films with minimized energetic mismatches, which 2PhPA-CzH played a pivotal role in dual interfacial energy regulation.

Signal-induced NLRP3 phase separation initiates inflammasome activation.

NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by diverse stimuli including infections, intracellular and environmental irritants. How NLRP3 senses these unrelated stimuli and what activates NLRP3 remain unknown. Here we report that signal-dependent NLRP3 phase separation initiated its activation, in which the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC7-mediated tonic NLRP3 palmitoylation and an IDR region in the FISNA domain of NLRP3 play important roles.

ALD-Deposited Hydroxyl-Rich NiO to Enhance SAM Anchoring for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

The interface between nickel oxide (NiO) and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) often suffers from limited adsorption strength, poor energy-level alignment, and inadequate defect passivation, which hinder device performance and stability. To address these issues, we introduce a hybrid hole selective layer (HSL) combining atomic layer deposition (ALD)-fabricated NiO with full-aromatic SAM molecules, creating a highly stable and efficient interface. ALD NiO, enriched with hydroxyl groups, provides robust adsorption sites for the SAM molecule MeO-PhPACz, ensuring a strong, stable interaction.

Increased N-glycosylation of PSMA by GnT-V enhances tumor malignancy through interacting with JAK2 and the subsequent STAT3-mediated transcriptional activation in prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a membrane glycoprotein with high specificity, has emerged as an effective target for imaging and therapy in prostate cancer. Despite its potential, the role and molecular mechanism underlying PSMA glycosylation and overexpression remain to be fully clarified. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of site-specific N-glycosylation patterns of PSMA, revealing that β1,6-GlcNAc branching at N121 and N336, catalyzed by GnT-V, is crucial for its expression.

miR-199a-3p mitigates simulated microgravity-induced cardiac remodeling by targeting MEF2C.

Microgravity-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction present significant challenges to long-term spaceflight, highlighting the urgent need to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and develop precise countermeasures. Previous studies have outlined the important role of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease progression, with miR-199a-3p playing a crucial role in myocardial injury repair and the maintenance of cardiac function. However, the specific role and expression pattern of miR-199a-3p in microgravity-induced cardiac remodeling remain unclear.

Automatic medical imaging segmentation via self-supervising large-scale convolutional neural networks.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a robust, large-scale deep learning model for medical image segmentation, leveraging self-supervised learning to overcome the limitations of supervised learning and data variability in clinical settings.

Methods And Materials: We curated a substantial multi-center CT dataset for self-supervised pre-training using masked image modeling with sparse submanifold convolution. We designed a series of Sparse Submanifold U-Nets (SS-UNets) of varying sizes and performed self-supervised pre-training.

Formation Dynamics of Thermally Stable 1D/3D Perovskite Interfaces for High-Performance Photovoltaics.

Direct understanding of the formation and crystallization of low-dimensional (LD) perovskites with varying dimensionalities employing the same bulky cations can offer insights into LD perovskites and their heterostructures with 3D perovskites. In this study, the secondary amine cation of N-methyl-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)methylammonium (M-NMA) and the formation dynamics of its corresponding LD perovskite are investigated. The intermolecular π-π stacking of M-NMA and their connection with inorganic PbI octahedrons within the product structures control the formation of LD perovskite.

PM-YOLO: A Powdery Mildew Automatic Grading Detection Model for Rubber Tree.

Powdery mildew has become a significant disease affecting the yield and quality of rubber trees in recent years. It typically manifests on the leaf surface at an early stage, rapidly infecting and spreading throughout the leaves. Therefore, early detection and intervention are essential to reduce the resulting losses due to this disease.