Synergistic Electron-Deficient Surface Engineering: A Key Factor in Dictating Electron Carrier Extraction for Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Work function modulation of transparent conductive oxides via self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) facilitates efficient hole or electron extraction in optoelectronic devices. However, recent SAMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) diverge from traditional interfacial dipole orientation design principles, instead leveraging electron-rich and electron-deficient surface modifications. In light of these discrepancies, this study systematically analyses electron-deficient materials of varying strength, revealing the dominance of surface modifications over interfacial dipole orientation.

Perovskite Crystallization Control for Large, Oriented Grains with Residual Solvent Restrain via Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks.

Void-free perovskite films with oriented large grains are considered good performance. However, contradictory requirements on solvent volatilization arise that the growth of large grains requires slow volatilization while the residual solvent problem, which leads to difficult-handled voids at buried interface, requires quick and complete volatilization. Currently, although grain boundary additives help reach large and oriented grains, the occupation of additives in the grain boundary volatilization channel may further deteriorate the residual solvent problem.

Prediction of Chinese suitable habitats of Panax notoginseng under climate change based on MaxEnt and chemometric methods.

Notoginseng saponin R1; ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd; the sum of the five saponins; and underground-part fresh weight (UPFW) of single plants were used as quality evaluation indices for Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H.