A new model for the global patterning of spores and pollen grains.

Spores of fungi and seedless plants, and pollen grains of seed plants, are usually characterized by variable global patterns on the surface. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of these patterns have not been fully understood. We hypothesize that the global pattern of a spore or pollen grain is induced by the stresses resulted from the mismatch between a faster-growing outer part and a slower-growing inner part within the grain and tried to verify the hypothesis by simplifying the developing spores and pollen grains as stressed core/shell structures, simulating the buckling patterns of such structures with different shapes and shell thicknesses through finite element method, and comparing the simulated models with natural spores and pollen grains observed under microscopes.

Comparing the Quality and Readability of ChatGPT-4-Generated vs. Human-Generated Patient Education Materials for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT-4, in generating patient education materials (PEMs) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of our study was to compare the quality and readability of PEMs for TKA generated by ChatGPT-4 with those created by human experts to assess the potential for the use of AI in patient education. Materials and methods We assessed the quality and readability of TKA PEMs produced by ChatGPT-4 and five reputable human-generated websites.

Antibiotic heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Definition, detection methods, mechanisms, and combination therapy.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common opportunistic pathogen that presents significant challenges in the treatment of infections due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. In recent years, K. pneumoniae has been reported for the development of heteroresistance, a phenomenon where subpopulations of the susceptible bacteria exhibit resistance.

Mushrooms Adapted to Seawater: Two New Species of (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from China.

Marine fungi have been studied for a long history in many realms, but there are few reports on marine mushrooms. In this study, marine fungi with conspicuous subglobose sequestrate basidioma were discovered from mangrove forests in South China. They grow on the deadwood of mangroves in the intertidal zone, periodically submerging into seawater due to the tide.

Progress on genic male sterility gene in soybean.

Male sterility refers to the phenomenon that stamens cannot grow normally and produce viable pollen grains in plants. Hybrid seed production by taking advantage of the trait of male sterility is an effective and quick strategy to increase crop yield. Up to date, the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.

Syntheses of Platinum-Sulindac Complexes and Their Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Drugs.

Platinum(II)-sulindac complexes [{η -C H SN(O)}Pt(DMSO){O(C=O)Sulindac}], [{η -C H SN(O)}PtCl{(S=O)Sulindac}], [{η -C H SN(O)}PtCl{(S=O)Sulindac-succinimide}], and [{η -C H SN(O)}PtCl{(S=O)Sulindac-thymidine}] were synthesized that exhibited IC values of 2.9-4.8 μm against human oral cancer cells OECM1.

Effects of species differences on oocyte regulation of granulosa cell function.

The aims were to investigate whether oocyte-secreted growth factors from a high (i.e. rat) and low (i.