Genetic variants affecting RNA stability influence complex traits and disease risk.

Gene expression is modulated jointly by transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability, yet the latter is often overlooked in studies on genetic variants. Here, leveraging metabolic labeling data (Bru/BruChase-seq) and a new computational pipeline, RNAtracker, we categorize genes as allele-specific RNA stability (asRS) or allele-specific RNA transcription events. We identify more than 5,000 asRS variants among 665 genes across a panel of 11 human cell lines.

Combining knowledge distillation and neural networks to predict protein secondary structure.

The secondary structure of a protein serves as the foundation for constructing its three-dimensional (3D) structure, which in turn is critical for determining its function and role in biological processes. Therefore, accurately predicting secondary structure not only facilitates the understanding of a protein's 3D conformation but also provides essential insights into its interactions, functional mechanisms, and potential applications in biomedical research. Deep learning models are particularly effective in protein secondary structure prediction because of their ability to process complex sequence data and extract meaningful patterns, thereby increasing prediction accuracy and efficiency.

Acute cutaneous adverse drug reactions in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined targeted and immunotherapy: unraveling the impact of dosage and interval.

Background: Combination of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a leading approach in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, an increased incidence of skin rashes poses a clinical challenge. Understanding the acute cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) during the early stage of the combination treatment is crucial.

Constructing a norm for children's scientific drawing: Distribution features based on semantic similarity of large language models.

The use of children's drawings to examining their conceptual understanding has been proven to be an effective method, but there are two major problems with previous research: (i) The content of the drawings heavily relies on the task, and the ecological validity of the conclusions is low. (ii) The interpretation of drawings relies too much on the subjective feelings of the researchers. To address this issue, this study uses the Large Language Model (LLM) to identify 1420 children's scientific drawings (covering nine scientific themes/concepts) and uses the word2vec algorithm to calculate their semantic similarity.

Metal ion-enhanced photosynthetic bacteria for bioplastic production from kitchen waste digestate: performance and mechanism.

Background: Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from food waste by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) face the bottleneck of low production efficiency. Metal ions have the potential to enhance the PHB production by PSB. Thus, for the first time, this study explored the effect of Fe and Mn on the enhancement of PHB production from kitchen waste digestate by PSB and their enhancement mechanism.

Enzymatic degradation, structural characterization, and in vitro antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Sanghuang vaninii polysaccharides.

Polysaccharides are of interest due to their multiple biological activities. However, the molecular weight of natural polysaccharides is excessively high, resulting in low bioavailability. In this study, β-glucanase was used to degrade the polysaccharides of Sanghuang vaninii, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was used as an indicator to optimize the enzymatic process.

The JNK-JAK/STAT Signaling Axis Mediates Lead Exposure-Induced Gut Dysbiosis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant that poses significant risks to both microbial communities and host physiology. However, the bidirectional interactions between Pb and insect gut microbiota, as well as the underlying mechanisms by which Pb disturbs microbiota homeostasis, remain poorly understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, this study investigates how Pb exposure affects the gut microbial ecosystem and how intestinal bacteria, in turn, influence Pb metabolism in the host.

ANO5 p.I616F variant drives florid cemento-osseous dysplasia by disrupting transmembrane domain structure.

Background: To date, genetic studies on florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) remain limited. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features and genetic basis of FCOD in Chinese populations, with particular emphasis on identifying pathogenic variants and their mechanistic contributions to disease development.

Methods: Clinical data from 17 FCOD patients diagnosed between May 2015 and December 2024 at Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Examining the interplay of childhood abuse, bullying, and bullying victimization in middle school students: a serial mediation analysis.

Introduction: Childhood abuse and bullying are youth problem worldwide, yet the detrimental effects of child abuse is underestimated in China. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between child abuse and bullying and victimization, and to explore the mediating roles of self-esteem, peer relationships, and moral disengagement in the chain between childhood abuse, school bullying, and victimization among junior high school.

Methods: This study included 1,327 adolescents (52.

Dovitinib Ameliorates Inflammation-Related Diseases by Inhibiting Necroptosis and Ferroptosis.

Abnormal and dysregulated cell death plays important roles in organ injury. Necroptosis and ferroptosis are two distinct types of regulated cell death that can trigger inflammation and are involved in organ injury. The inhibition of necroptosis and ferroptosis is proposed to be beneficial for treating multiple pathological conditions.

Beware of counter-intuitive levels of false discoveries in datasets with strong intra-correlations.

The false discovery rate (FDR) controlling method by Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) is a popular choice in the omics fields. Here, we demonstrate that in datasets with a large degree of dependencies between features, FDR correction methods like BH can sometimes counter-intuitively report very high numbers of false positives, potentially misleading researchers. We call the attention of researchers to use suited multiple testing strategies and approaches like synthetic null data (negative control) to identify and minimize caveats related to false discoveries, as in the cases where false findings do occur, they may be numerous.

Phyhip-Targeted Delivery of bFGF Platform with Dual Modulation for Enhancing Neurovascular Repair in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a critical neurosurgical challenge with limited therapeutic options. While basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) demonstrates neuroprotective and angiogenic potential, its clinical translation is hindered by nonspecific biodistribution and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. In the present study, a brain-targeted recombinant protein (AcuP-bFGF) is developed by fusing bFGF with an acute peptide (SLYGSSRHTAPISF, named as AcuP), which enables Phyhip-mediated active transport across the compromised BBB while preserving the bioactivity of bFGF and prolonging its half-life in vivo.

Gut-Brain Dialogues in Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster): How Peptide Hormones Bridge Metabolism, Longevity, and Behavioral Adaptation.

Background: Gut-peptide hormones are crucial regulators of various physiological processes, including metabolism, digestion, behavior, and homeostasis. In Drosophila melanogaster, a widely used model organism, a diverse range of gut-peptide hormones governs gut-brain communication, influencing food intake, energy balance, circadian rhythms, stress responses, and aging.

Objective: This review summarizes recent studies on gut-peptide hormones in D.

Effect of Acupuncture on Functional Connectivity of the Limbic Network in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder. Acupuncture therapy demonstrates significant efficacy in alleviating KOA symptoms. However, the central neuroimaging mechanisms underlying acupuncture's therapeutic effects remain incompletely elucidated.

A Structured Approach to Extubation in Mechanically Ventilated Rats.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is widely used in critical care but is associated with various complications that affect both short- and long-term outcomes, including ventilator-induced lung injury, ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, and ventilator-associated brain injury. These are key components of post-intensive care unit syndrome (PICS). Rodent models are vital for investigating the prolonged impacts and underlying mechanisms of MV, yet standardized post-extubation models remain limited.

Y-Chromosome Genetic Characterization Supports the Establishment of Calving Centered Protected Areas for Tibetan Antelope Conservation.

Tibetan antelope (), the flagship species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is renowned for its hardiness and resistance to low oxygen. Most of the previous studies focused on mitochondria and autosomes, with fewer studies related to the Y-chromosome. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the Y-chromosome genetic diversity, population structure, and historical dynamics of Tibetan antelope populations using 26 Y-SNP loci and 5 Y-SSR polymorphic loci.

Multi-omics analysis reveals single-cell meiotic hotspot dynamics and epigenomic regulations in female mammals.

Meiotic recombination initiates via DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specialized hotspots, while the regulation of meiotic recombination hotspots in females remain elusive due to the scarcity of embryonic stage germ cells (EGCs). Here, we mapped genome-wide active recombination hotspots and estimated their activities in female EGCs at single-cell resolution, revealing the high variability in hotspot usage frequency among individual germ cells. Further investigation of nucleosome positioning and histone modifications at recombination hotspots revealed that PRDM9-mediated open chromatin and flanking H3K4me3 established earlier at high-frequency hotspots compared with less frequently used ones.

Leaching Characteristics of Exogenous Cl in Rain-Fed Potato Fields and Residual Estimation Model Validation.

Potato ( L.) is a chlorine-sensitive crop. When soil Cl concentrations exceed optimal thresholds, the yield and quality of potatoes are limited.