Why do children with cancer withdraw from social interactions? A qualitative study using the COM-B model.

Purpose: Guided by the COM-B model ("capability," "opportunity," "motivation," and "behavior"), this study explores the factors and potential mechanisms of social withdrawal in children with cancer.

Methods: The illness experiences shared by families of children with cancer on the internet provided a unique opportunity for this study. An interdisciplinary research team was formed, and a hybrid thematic analysis was conducted to examine 41 online illness narratives describing the experiences of children (≤ 18 years old) diagnosed with cancer.

Globally accurate neural network potential energy surface and state-to-state quantum dynamics calculations on Ne(2S) + H2+/D2+ → NeH+/NeD+ + H/D reactions.

The proton transfer reactions of the Ne atom with the H2+ molecular ion and its isotope variants have attracted considerable attention due to their importance in plasma physics and the fundamental study of elementary reaction dynamics. To obtain high-precision dynamics results, a globally accurate ground-state NeH2+ potential energy surface (PES) is constructed using the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network method based on 35 035 ab initio points calculated at the UCCSD(T)/AV5Z level. On the new PES, the state-to-state quantum dynamics calculations of the Ne(2S) + H2+/D2+ (v0 = 0, j0 = 0) reactions are performed.

Multi-tracer PET and MR imaging visualize distinct metabolic and inflammatory profiles in the white matter of NMOSD and MOGAD.

This study investigates distinct neuroinflammatory patterns in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) using multi-tracer PET and MR imaging. Eight NMOSD (5F/3M; median age 36.5) and six MOGAD patients (2F/4M; median age 34.

Metal ion-enhanced photosynthetic bacteria for bioplastic production from kitchen waste digestate: performance and mechanism.

Background: Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from food waste by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) face the bottleneck of low production efficiency. Metal ions have the potential to enhance the PHB production by PSB. Thus, for the first time, this study explored the effect of Fe and Mn on the enhancement of PHB production from kitchen waste digestate by PSB and their enhancement mechanism.

Associations between monthly temperature anomalies and mortality among children younger than five years in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: This study examined associations between anomalous temperatures and under-five mortality (U5M) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Between 1998 and 2019, data were collected on 1,745,132 live births across 56 LMICs. The median age was 27.

Optimal Stimulation Sites and Connectomes for GPi and STN-DBS in Cervical Dystonia.

Aims: To map optimal stimulation targets (sweet spots) and neural networks for globus pallidus internus (GPi)- and subthalamic nucleus (STN)-deep brain stimulation (DBS) in cervical dystonia (CD), and compare their structural/functional connectivity profiles and predictive validity for clinical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 76 stimulation settings from 38 CD patients across four centers. Volume of tissue activated was reconstructed; connectivity-based sweet spots were identified.

Bias in the estimated association between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to a specific chemical component of fine particulate matter: The example of black carbon.

Introduction: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to many adverse health outcomes, which can vary significantly depending on the chemical profile of the PM. However, many meta-analyses of the health effects of a specific component of PM have ignored the effects of other components, leading to omitted variable bias (OVB). This study developed a new method to address this problem and conducted a simulation using black carbon (BC) as an example.

Quantify the environmental factors interaction affecting soil Cd/As accumulation in farmland using collaborative filtering model combining global spatial and local property graph.

The complexity of farmland soil systems poses significant challenges in disentangling the interaction of environmental factors affecting heavy metal accumulation. Previous studies have predominantly focused on qualitatively characterizing the interactions between environmental factors on soil heavy metal concentrations in farmland, often neglecting in-depth quantitative analysis. In this study, a novel interaction effects quantization model based on collaborative filtering combining global spatial graph and local property graph is designed to analyze the interaction between the environmental factors and their potential impacts on soil Cd/As concentrations in farmland.

Low-molecular-weight fucoidan ameliorates ferroptosis in diabetic kidney disease through SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 activation.

Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and it is closely associated with oxidative stress. Low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been shown to exert an inhibitory action on oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated whether using LMWF to treat DKD is associated with ferroptosis and evaluated the action of LMWF on DKD using both in vivo and in vitro models.

Exploring the decision-making process of Chinese older adults transitioning to continuing care retirement communities: a qualitative study.

Background: China's rapidly aging population and the limitations of traditional home-based care have prompted many older adults and their families to consider Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) as a comprehensive option. However, the decision-making process for this transition remains underexplored. This study aims to systematically explore how older adults navigate the decision to move to CCRCs, to guide service improvements and inform policy.

Large language model-driven natural language interaction control framework for single-operator bimanual teleoperation.

Bimanual teleoperation imposes cognitive and coordination demands on a single human operator tasked with simultaneously controlling two robotic arms. Although assigning each arm to a separate operator can distribute workload, it often leads to ambiguities in decision authority and degrades overall efficiency. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel bimanual teleoperation large language model assistant (BTLA) framework, an intelligent co-pilot that augments a single operator's motor control capabilities.

The effects of self-regulated learning strategies on academic procrastination and academic success among college EFL students in China.

The failure of self-regulation lies at the core of academic procrastination, which poses a serious threat to academic success. This study examines the direct impact of self-regulated strategies on academic procrastination and academic success among university students. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between metacognitive strategies, time management, effort regulation, and students' academic success.

Recent advances in bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass for volatile fatty acid production with rumen microorganisms.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a possible alternative for fossil fuels due to its widespread availability and numerous benefits. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are important intermediates that can be converted into biofuels or chemicals. VFA production from lignocellulosic biomass via anaerobic fermentation is a promising approach for resource utilization.

Activated TBK1 promotes ACSL1-mediated microglia lipid droplet accumulation and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Unlabelled: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is a significant factor affecting microglial inflammatory responses, but the mechanisms underlying lipid droplet imbalance in PD are currently unclear. Here, we report a subtype of microglia characterized by high expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) through single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis and machine learning algorithms, linking lipid metabolism to PD neuroinflammation.

Dosimetric comparison and prognostic analysis of helical tomotherapy vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is a major oncological challenge worldwide, particularly in its locally advanced stages where optimal radiotherapy strategies are essential. The present study aimed to compare the dosimetric characteristics, clinical efficacy and radiation-related toxicity of helical tomotherapy (HT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer, providing scientific evidence to optimize radiotherapy strategies. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from 100 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated at the Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital between January 2015 and December 2023.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals the mechanisms of luteolin and exercise combination treatment against cognitive impairments in AD mice through modulating autophagy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) yields a dramatic burden on patients and their families, with no complete cure yet. Our group has previously found that AD-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) could be alleviated after luteolin and exercise combination treatment (Lut + Exe), but the potential mechanisms require further exploration. This work used untargeted metabolomics to uncover the mechanisms Lut + Exe protects against ARCI.

Challenges and opportunities for the diverse substrates of SPOP E3 ubiquitin ligase in cancer.

The Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), a substrate adaptor of the cullin-RING E3 ligase complex, mediates both the degradation and non-degradative ubiquitination of substrates, which are crucial for regulating various biological functions and cellular processes. Dysregulation of SPOP-mediated ubiquitination has been implicated in several cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that SPOP functions as a double-edged sword: acting as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and colorectal cancer (CRC), while potentially serving as an oncoprotein in kidney cancer (KC).

Irradiation-induced increase in nuclear p62 levels contributes to chromosomal fragmentation and chromothripsis.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, closely associated with tumor evolution, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatment. CIN is driven by persistent chromosome missegregation, resulting in abnormal chromosomal copy numbers and promoting tumor progression through mitotic errors, faulty chromosome segregation, and the formation of micronuclei or chromosome bridges. Previous studies have demonstrated that p62 localizes to micronuclei, where it interacts with mitochondria, enhancing reactive oxygen species-mediated cysteine oxidation and promoting p62 homo-oligomerization.

Adaptive network steganography using deep learning and multimedia video analysis for enhanced security and fidelity.

This study presents an advanced adaptive network steganography paradigm that integrates deep learning methodologies with multimedia video analysis to enhance the universality and security of network steganography practices. The proposed approach utilizes a deep convolutional generative adversarial network-based architecture capable of fine-tuning steganographic parameters in response to the dynamic foreground, stable background, and spatio-temporal complexities of multimedia videos. Empirical evaluations using the MPII and UCF101 video repositories demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in terms of steganographic success and resilience.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of unilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: a retrospective case series and literature review.

To retrospectively summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and efficacy of unilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), we analyzed the clinical data of 23 patients diagnosed with unilateral AFRS in a teaching hospital setting. All the patients showed positive reaction for fungal allergens via the skin prick test or serum-specific IgE test. CT scan showed lesions of the sinuses were unilateral.

Evaluating the detection rate and pathological features of polyps in patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Background: The incidence of gastric polyps (GPs) has ranged from 0.30% to 6.8% in various studies.

Improvement of an ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of eleven amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine.

Urinary amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (amino-PAHs) are metabolites of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and serve as biomarkers for assessing occupational exposure to nitro-PAHs, particularly in populations exposed to diesel exhaust. Current methods for detecting urinary amino-PAHs mainly rely on liquid-liquid extraction, which has limitations in covering a wide range of nitro-PAHs and often struggles to resolve interference from isomeric compounds. This study aimed to develop a reliable UPLC-MS/MS method incorporating solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment for detecting 11 amino-PAHs in urine samples from workers exposed to nitro-PAHs.

Multidisciplinary international expert consensus on perioperative airway management.

Background: Perioperative airway management is critical for patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes. Effective airway management reduces postoperative pulmonary complications and accelerates recovery. This expert consensus aims to update the earlier consensus based on the latest research and emphasize aspects that were previously overlooked.

Omitted variable bias in single-pollutant epidemiological models for estimating long-term health effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone.

Long-term exposure to PM and O is linked to various adverse health outcomes. However, many epidemiological studies on their health effects use single-pollutant models, leading to omitted variable bias (OVB). The percent bias, based on the classical OVB formula, depends on the PM-O correlation and unobservable true effects.

The global burden of pediatric respiratory infections attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matters.

Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the leading cause of child mortality in some low- and middle-income countries, which has been linked to ambient fine particulate matter (PM). However, the overall burden of PM-attributed RTIs is unclear, due to the unavailable exposure-response function for long-term exposure. By performing a systematic review of the literature in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases, we conducted a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effect estimates of the association between long-term PM exposure and the prevalence of RTI and its subtypes among children, and further developed an exposure-response function, with a meta-regression-based method.