33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges.

Robotic vs. laparoscopic surgery at the operational level: an investigation of surgeons' perspectives.

Introduction: The Robotics Committee of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) conducted a study of surgeons' perspectives on robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) as compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS) in four domains: performance, requirements, challenges, and surgical care outcomes.

Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was performed with a thematic analysis of surgeon interviews using the framework method, followed by an online survey of SAGES Robotics Committee members. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were utilized for analysis.

Long-term antifungal drug-delivery denture materials with plasma-initiated surface functionalization.

Conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based denture materials are susceptible to colonization and biofilm-formation by Candida species, leading to Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS), a recurring fungal infection that affects a large patient population. In this report, we developed a two-step, plasma-initiated surface functionalization approach to covalently bond poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA) onto denture resins. Various reaction conditions were investigated and the effects of PMAA grafting yields on the physical properties of the resulting denture materials were determined.

Secreted clusterin inhibits keloid formation by promoting fibroblast apoptosis.

Keloids are benign dermal proliferations resulting from excessive fibroblast activity that extends beyond the original site of injury. This study aims to investigate key biomarker genes associated with cell apoptosis and proliferation in the pathogenesis of keloids. Bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets identified 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from keloid patients.

Multifunctional regulation and treatment of ubiquitin specific protease 10.

USP10 is a critical deubiquitinating enzyme within the ubiquitin-specific protease family, playing multifaceted roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Structurally composed of a G3BP1-interacting motif, a N-terminal domain (mediating most protein interactions), and a catalytic USP domain (residues 415-795, catalytic triad C424-H736-D751), USP10 regulates diverse cellular pathways by stabilizing key proteins through deubiquitination. It exhibits context-dependent functional duality, particularly in cancer: USP10 promotes tumorigenesis in various cancers (e.

Student Perspectives on the Efficacy of Hybrid Simulation Laboratory Teaching-Practicing Modules.

Introduction: This study examined dental students' perspectives on a hybrid simulation-laboratory (sim-lab) course for ultrasonic supragingival scaling.

Materials And Methods: An interactive online system facilitated the course for second-year dental students from 23 colleges. The curriculum encompassed demonstrations of ultrasonic scaling techniques, coupled with opportunities for students to pose inquiries and engage in remotely guided practice sessions.

Coping Experiences of Patients With Moderate to Severe Burns: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Aim: To explore the illness coping experiences of patients with moderate-to-severe burns and provide a reference for healthcare professionals to formulate coping strategies.

Design: Qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach.

Methods: From 1 June to 30 September 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 patients with moderate-to-severe burns.

A Joint LiDAR and Camera Calibration Algorithm Based on an Original 3D Calibration Plate.

An accurate extrinsic calibration between LiDAR and cameras is essential for effective sensor fusion, directly impacting the perception capabilities of autonomous driving systems. Although prior calibration approaches using planar and point features have yielded some success, they suffer from inherent limitations. Specifically, methods that rely on fitting planar contours using depth-discontinuous points are prone to systematic errors, which hinder the precise extraction of the 3D positions of feature points.

Bioarchitectonics-inspired soft grippers with cutaneous slip perception.

The growing demand for dexterous and autonomous robotic manipulation highlights the need for advanced sensing and control strategies, particularly for slip prevention. Although soft grippers provide intrinsic compliance and adaptability, their effectiveness is often limited by the lack of real-time sensory feedback and the complexity of soft actuator dynamics. Inspired by human tactile perception, we developed a bioarchitectonics-inspired soft slip sensor with a three-dimensional structure that leverages crack and stress concentration to enhance sensitivity to incipient slip and shear force.

Fabrication and performance of high refractive index achromatic gradient index chalcogenide glass.

Gradient index (GRIN) glasses utilize a specially tailored internal refractive index combined with the designed surface curvature of the optical element to enhance the correction of chromatic and spherical aberration. Additionally, GRIN technology can significantly improve imaging quality and better match high-performance detectors. In this study, we used an evaluation function model to determine the required properties of the base materials and fabricated a series of Ge25Se75-xTex glasses, identifying the optimal combination for chromatic aberration correction.

AI-assisted cervical cytology precancerous screening for high-risk population in resource-limited regions using a compact microscope.

Insufficient coverage of cervical cytology screening in resource-limited areas remains a major bottleneck for women's health, as traditional centralized methods require significant investment and many qualified pathologists. Using consumer-grade electronic hardware and aspherical lenses, we design an ultra-low-cost and compact microscope. Given the microscope's low resolution, which hinders accurate identification of lesion cells in cervical samples, we train a coarse instance classifier to screen and extract feature sequences of the top 200 instances containing potential lesions from a slide.

Honey-fried licorice decoction ameliorates atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibiting the NOX2-ROS-TGF-β1 pathway.

Objective: Honey-fried licorice decoction (HFLD), a well-established traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) in China. However, the specific cardioprotective mechanisms of HFLD in treating AF remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HFLD and validate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of HFLD in reducing AF susceptibility.

Aging Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cultured on a Native Young Extracellular Matrix, Are Protected From Senescence and Apoptosis Along With Increased Expression of HLA-DR and CD74 Associated With PI3K Signaling.

Older adults are the primary population for cell-based therapies for age-related diseases, but the efficacy of administering autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is impaired due to biological aging. In the present study, we cultured aging adipose (AD)-derived MSCs from > 65-year-old donors on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by human amniotic fluid-derived pluripotent stem cells (ECM Plus) versus tissue culture plastic (TCP) and hypothesized that ECM Plus provided an ideal "young" microenvironment for reactivating and preserving early-stage progenitor cells within aging AD-MSCs. To test our hypothesis, we serially sub-cultured aging AD-MSCs on ECM Plus or TCP and characterized the cells both phenotypically and functionally, and then analyzed the cells at the single-cell transcriptomic level for the mechanisms that control cell fate.

Organoids/organs-on-chips towards biomimetic human artificial skin.

As the largest organ in the human body, the skin protects the body from pathogens and harmful substances through physical, chemical, and immune barrier functions. However, accurately replicating the complex physiology of human skin in mouse models remains a significant challenge. Accurately replicating the complex physiology of human skin in mouse models remains a significant challenge, making the development of bionic artificial skin particularly important.

MiR-27b-3p Correlates with Arteriosclerosis Obliterans and Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting GAB1.

Patients with atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) are at risk of amputation or even death if timely treatment is not provided; current clinical treatments for ASO have certain disadvantages. This study aimed to ascertain the function of miR-27b-3p in ASO to provide novel insights for ASO treatment.The expression of miR-27b-3p in the serum of 117 ASO subjects and 80 healthy individuals was assessed by polymerase chain reaction.

Anterior Acetabular Coverage of Borderline Hips Is Overestimated on Standing Antero-posterior Pelvic Radiographs.

Background: We sought to: (1) develop a new method in measuring spino-pelvic tilt (SPT) from antero-posterior pelvic (AP pelvis) radiographs and computed tomography scans, and examine its reliability and validity; (2) use Z-scores to evaluate patients' SPT based on an established asymptomatic norm; and (3) examine whether a compensatory mechanism of anterior pelvic tilt exists for borderline hips, denoted as differences in anterior wall indices both between standing and supine positions, and between borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) patients and asymptomatic norms.

Methods: After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 patients were finally included. Patients who had unilateral or bilateral borderline hips were included.

Pharmacovigilance of drug-induced cataract using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Cataract is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, particularly among the elderly, with drug-induced cataract being an underrecognized yet significant contributor to visual impairment. This study investigates the associations between medications and cataract development using real-world data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from Q1 2004 to Q3 2024. A total of 54,800 reports were analyzed, including 2,336 cases involving 691 drugs in individuals aged 0-45 years.

Nutritional management adherence via an ePRO platform in patients with cancer: a machine learning model study.

Background: Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) systems have significant potential for providing individualized and continuous nutritional management for patients with cancer. However, adherence to ePRO-guided nutritional interventions varies significantly, and the key factors associated with adherence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess adherence to nutritional targets via ePRO platforms and identify predictors influencing adherence to optimize management strategies.

Recycling of Lycium barbarum by-products and bioactive substance application in silage-Insight into antioxidant activity and the regulation mechanism of anaerobic fermentation.

Silage, a traditional anaerobically fermented feed primarily used for ruminants, can be enhanced by incorporating Lycium barbarum by-products (LBB) to improve its functional properties. LBB is rich in bioactive compounds with notable medicinal and nutritional benefits, positioning it as a promising alternative to conventional additives. This study investigates the effects of LBB and its bioactive components-Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), flavonoid (FLA), and betaine (BET) on fermentation parameters, bacterial communities and metabolites in alfalfa silages.

An efficient harvesting strategy for agarwood based on the correlation analysis of resin formation and leaves dynamic changes induced by integrated induction method.

Agarwood is a resin produced by wounded Aquilaria plants. Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg  is the original plant source of agarwood in China.

enhances cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice by modulating neuropathology and regulating acetic acid levels in the gut microbiota.

The amyloid deposition-to-cognitive impairment pathway is crucial in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, with gut microbes influencing its development. Our study evaluated MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) as a potential AD treatment. In APP/PS1 mice, CBM588 improved cognitive function and alleviated colonic tissue pathology by modulating tight junction proteins (upregulating Claudin 1, ZO-1, and Occludin) and reducing inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA).

Anionic TeO doped CoS nanomaterials for high-performance magnesium-ion battery cathode materials.

Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (RMBs) exhibit distinct advantages, such as superior theoretical capacity, economic viability, and enhanced safety features, making them a promising alternative to traditional energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the current research of high-performance RMBs is still fraught with many shortcomings of the unexpected actual capacity, poor cycling stability rapid energy decay, and a relatively short lifespan. Herein, Grape-bunch CoS/Te materials are prepared by one-step metal sulfide template-free anion-doped solvent-thermal synthesis.

Pharmacovigilance study of drug-induced eye movement disorder based on FDA adverse event reports from 2004 to 2024.

Eye movement disorder (EMD) is a significant cause of visual impairment and disruption of daily activities. Drug-induced EMD is an underrecognized but critical risk factor for patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between medications and EMD using real-world data to improve patient safety and clinical decision-making.

A machine-learning-powered spectral-dominant multimodal soft wearable system for long-term and early-stage diagnosis of plant stresses.

Addressing the global malnutrition crisis requires precise and timely diagnostics of plant stresses to enhance the quality and yield of nutrient-rich crops, such as tomatoes. Soft wearable sensors offer a promising approach by continuously monitoring plant physiology. However, challenges remain in identifying direct physiological indicators of plant stresses, hindering the development of accurate diagnostic models for predicting symptom progression.