Genetic variants affecting RNA stability influence complex traits and disease risk.

Gene expression is modulated jointly by transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability, yet the latter is often overlooked in studies on genetic variants. Here, leveraging metabolic labeling data (Bru/BruChase-seq) and a new computational pipeline, RNAtracker, we categorize genes as allele-specific RNA stability (asRS) or allele-specific RNA transcription events. We identify more than 5,000 asRS variants among 665 genes across a panel of 11 human cell lines.

Facile access to quinazolin-4(3)-ones by tandem Cu-catalyzed annulation of 2-nitrobenzonitrile and alcohols under air.

A convenient Cu-catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3)-one derivatives has been developed from simple starting materials such as 2-nitrobenzonitriles and alcohols under mild conditions. This procedure showed a broad substrate scope and tolerance of functional groups, high yields, and no need to use oxidants or reductants, making synthesis simple, convenient, and sustainable. Our methodology may be utilized for the one-pot synthesis of glycosminine alkaloid.

Experiences and Challenges of International Neurosurgical Residents in Germany.

Objective: The number of international neurosurgical residents in Germany has significantly increased in recent years. This study investigates residents' satisfaction with the training program, factors contributing to dissatisfaction-including surgical exposure and psychological well-being-experiences of disparities, and future subspecialty preferences.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among neurosurgical residents in Germany.

Comparison of excitation wavelengths in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled to thin-layer chromatography for tadalafil and vardenafil detection as adulterants in herbal healthcare products.

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are frequently adulterated into dietary supplements and herbal healthcare products, in which sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are commonly found. In our previous study, a thin layer chromatography coupled to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS) method was developed for the detection of sildenafil in herbal products. In the current study, TLC-SERS was further explored for the detection of vardenafil and tadalafil in herbal products.

Environment-like exposure of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus to albendazole: The intra- and intergeneration stability of altered expression of UDP-glycosyl transferases and ABC-transporters.

Anthelmintic drugs are widespread environmental contaminants, but their impact is still poorly understood. Although contact of parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus with traces of anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ) altered the expression and activity of several UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs) and P-glycoproteins (Pgps, belonging to ABC-transporters), key enzymes in endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, it is not known whether these changes will last during the life cycle and pass to the next generations. In the present study simulating the environmental-like exposure, free-living stages of H.

Accuracy of latest large language models in answering multiple choice questions in dentistry: A comparative study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the performance of the latest large language models (LLMs) in answering dental multiple choice questions (MCQs), including both text-based and image-based questions.

Material And Methods: A total of 1490 MCQs from two board review books for the United States National Board Dental Examination were selected. This study evaluated six of the latest LLMs as of August 2024, including ChatGPT 4.

Modulatory Effect of Cucurbitacin D from on ZNF217 Oncogene Expression in NPM-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

The expression of oncogene zinc-finger protein 217 (ZNF217) has been reported to play a central role in cancer development, resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, targeting ZNF217 has been proposed as a possible strategy to fight cancer, and there has been much research on compounds that can target ZNF217. The present work investigates the chemo-preventive properties of cucurbitacin D, a compound with a broad range of anticancer effects, in hematological cancer cells, specifically with regard to its ability to modulate ZNF217 expression.

New Shikimic Acid Derivatives From the Marine-Derived Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. G666 and Their Antimicrobial Activities.

Analysis of an antimicrobial extract from the agar-based culture of the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. G666 led to the isolation of three new shikimic acid derivatives, streptomine A-C (1-3), along with five known compounds (4-8). Their structures were established by their spectral data analyses, including MS and NMR.

Gender Disparities and Their Impact on the Professional Experiences of Female Neurosurgery Residents in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Despite advancements in gender equality within neurosurgery, the field continues to encounter challenges related to the under-representation of women and reports of gender-based disparities. This study examines the impact of these disparities on the experiences, professional development, and well-being of female neurosurgery residents in Germany, identifying specific challenges within the neurosurgical community.

Methods: An anonymous, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among female neurosurgery residents from various German training hospitals nationwide, using a quantitative approach.

New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Leaves of Tithonia Diversifolia and their Apoptosis Effect Evaluation in KB Cancer Cells.

From the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, nine sesquiterpenoids (1-9), including two new ones (tagitinin J (1) and tagitinin K (2)) were isolated and structurally determined. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of the HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with the literature. All of the isolated compounds (except compounds 7-9) significantly exhibited cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549 and MCF7), with IC values ranging from 0.

Challenges and aspirations of neurosurgery residents in Germany: Insights from a questionnaire-based survey.

Objective: Neurosurgery residents in Germany face numerous challenges including receiving comprehensive surgical training with adequate learning opportunities, achieving balanced work life equilibrium, maintaining a positive work environment and navigating career prospects. The objectives of this study are to assess overall satisfaction with the training program, identify factors contributing to dissatisfaction, explore various dimensions of the training program, evaluate the psychological well-being of residents, and ascertain their preferences for future subspecialties.

Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted anonymously among neurosurgery residents from various training hospitals, nationwide.

COVID-19 risk perceptions in Japan: a cross-sectional study.

We conducted a large-scale online survey in February 2023 to investigate the public's perceptions of COVID-19 infection and fatality risks in Japan. We identified two key findings. First, univariate analysis comparing perceived and actual risk suggested overestimation and nonnegligible underestimation of COVID-19 risk.

New -lignans from the leaves of guillaumin.

Phytochemical study of the leaves of Guillaumin resulted in the isolation of a new natural product egonol-3''-sulphate (), and two new derivatives egonol-3-methylD-galactopyranoside () and 7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-benzofuran-5-carboxamide (). Their chemical structures were -elucidated by spectroscopic data. Compounds and significantly established a great role for the chemotaxonomic aspect.

Identification and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of phenolic derivatives from the trunks of .

Phytochemical investigation of the trunks from led to the isolation of a novel phenolic glucoside, 2-2,4-di-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-yl---D-glucopyranoside (), along with five known stilbene derivatives (). Their structures were determined mainly using high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses, followed by comparisons of observed spectral data with reported values. The novel compound in was found to be useful as a chemotaxonomic marker.

Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi children during 2007-2019.

Air pollution poses a threat to children's respiratory health. This study aims to quantify the association between short-term air pollution exposure and respiratory hospital admissions among children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and estimate the population-attributable burden using local data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted based on the individual records where each case is their own control.

Two new flavonoids with antimicrobial activity from the roots of Colebr. ex Wall (Malvaceae).

Two new flavonoids, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-5'-methoxy-6,8-dimethylisoflavone () and 2',5',7-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone () together with the known flavonoids 4´,5,7-trihydroxy-3´-methoxy-6.8-dimethylflavone (), epigallocatechin (), 4´-O-methylepicatechin () and quercetin () were isolated from the roots of . The structures of these compounds were determined by means of spectroscopic methods.

Individual-, social- and policy- factors associated with smoking cessation among adult male cigarette smokers in Hanoi, Vietnam: a longitudinal study.

Background: Nearly one-in-two Vietnamese men smoke cigarettes placing them among the highest tobacco consumers in the world. Despite the need for smoking cessation to curb the burden of tobacco-related diseases in Vietnam, this rate remains at less than 30%. Therefore, this study examines individual-, social- and policy factors associated with smoking cessation among adult male smokers in Vietnam.

Oleanane-type triterpenoid sulphates, two new α-glucosidase inhibitors from .

In connection with our interest in the phytochemical investigation of Oliv. (Elaeocarpaceae) growing in Vietnam, two new sulphated oleanane triterpenes were obtained herein and structurally identified. Based on the combination of the extensive 1D-, 2D NMR and HR ESI MS spectroscopic data analysis, their chemical structures have been elucidated as 1,3-dihydroxy-olean-18-ene 1-sulphate () and 1,3-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene 1-sulphate ().

Drought-Stress-Related Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Barley Involves Differential Histone Modifications at ABA-Related Genes.

Plants respond to drought by the major reprogramming of gene expression, enabling the plant to survive this threatening environmental condition. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as a crucial upstream signal, inducing this multifaceted process. This report investigated the drought response in barley plants (, cv.

Smoking Cessation, Quit Attempts and Predictive Factors among Vietnamese Adults in 2020.

Objective: This study aims to describe the updated smoking cessation and quit attempt rates and associated factors among Vietnamese adults in 2020.

Methods: Data on tobacco use among adults in Vietnam in 2020 was derived from the Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The participants in the study were people aged 15 and older.

Screening for adverse childhood experiences among young people using drugs in Vietnam: related factors and clinical implications.

Background: Research evidence shows a strong association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life substance use. But little is known about the prevalence and impact of ACEs among young people using drugs (YPUD) in Vietnam.

Method: A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling and peer recruitment methods was conducted among YPUD aged 16-24 in three cities in Vietnam.

Dissection of the Caenorhabditis elegans Microprocessor.

Microprocessor (MP) is a complex involved in initiating the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) by cleaving primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). miRNAs are small single-stranded RNAs that play a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of MP is critical for interpreting the roles of miRNAs in normal cellular processes and during the onset of various diseases.