Evaluating lung ventilation via electrical impedance tomography during flexible bronchoscopy with supraglottic jet ventilation: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Supraglottic jet ventilation (SJV) is used during flexible bronchoscopy to improve oxygenation, but its impact on overall lung ventilation is unclear. Thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers real-time monitoring of respiratory function.

Methods: This prospective pilot study enrolled patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy.

Molecular insights of acarbose metabolization catalyzed by acarbose-preferred glucosidase.

The clinical efficacy of the antidiabetic drug acarbose is hampered by degradation by the acarbose-preferred glucosidase (Apg) from K. grimontii TD1. Understanding the catalytic mechanism of Apg can aid the design of next-generation hypoglycemic pharmaceuticals acarbose analogs.

High scattering sensitivity entropy imaging for breast tumor characterization and classification.

Background: Diagnosing and characterizing breast lesions and tumors remains a common challenge in clinical practice. Ultrasound imaging stands out for its safety, real-time capability, and affordability. However, the image quality of conventional ultrasound examination is limited, and the diagnosis of ultrasonographic images depends heavily on the experience of the sonographer.

Femtosecond-Laser Synthesized PtBi Nanoalloys for Efficient Methanol Oxidation in Hybrid Electrolysis.

Hydrogen production through electrochemical seawater splitting is challenged by the energy-intensive oxygen evolution reaction and the competing chlorine evolution reaction. To overcome these obstacles, ligand-free platinum bismuth (PtBi) alloy nanoparticles (≈2 nm) are synthesized via femtosecond laser liquid ablation under nonequilibrium conditions, yielding metastable structures with tunable elemental compositions populated with defects. The PtBi/C catalyst excels in alkaline methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), delivering a mass activity of 17.

Direct Growth and Integration of Silicon Nanowire Transistors on Polymer Substrates.

The direct low-temperature synthesis of crystalline silicon nanowires (c-SiNWs) on flexible polymer substrates remains a critical yet unrealized milestone for scalable flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs), hindered by the interfacial mechanical mismatch between rigid silicon and deformable polymers and the ultralow thermal budgets imposed by the flexible substrates. Though nanoscale SiNW channels can be patterned/grown and transferred onto polymer substrates, high-precision postgrowth transferring and alignment of these tiny SiNW channels remain technically difficult or too cost-intensive for the implementation of large-area electronics. Here, we demonstrate a direct growth of orderly c-SiNW channels upon a flexible polyimide (PI) film for the first time, through an in-plane solid-liquid-solid (IPSLS) mechanism at 200 °C, achieving uniform diameters of 44 ± 5 nm.

Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals the mechanism of hepatic lipid metabolism during fasting in chicken.

Objective: : Since the liver is key to poultry lipid metabolism and fasting models are widely used in studying animal nutrition metabolism, this study used fasting to explore chicken liver lipid metabolism characteristics, providing a basis for poultry lipid metabolism research.

Method: : RNA-seq and metabolomics were combined to analyze 72-hour fasting effects on chicken liver lipid metabolism. Key lipid metabolism-related genes and metabolites were identified, with their mechanisms explored via RNAi and Oil Red O staining.

Effect of varying doses of dexmedetomidine added to dexamethasone-enhanced TAPB for post-cesarean pain management.

Background: The management of post-cesarean pain exhibits considerable variation across different regions and hospitals, with a prevalent tendency to utilize opioid medications as the primary analgesic approach. This study investigates the impact of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with dexamethasone as an adjunct to transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) on the analgesic efficacy and quality of recovery following cesarean section.

Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, 90 patients scheduled for cesarean section were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive postoperative TAPB with one of three solutions: 8 mg dexamethasone with 0.

A foundational triage system for improving accuracy in moderate acuity level emergency classifications.

Background: Triage is an essential part of Emergency Medicine, which may be assisted by AI models due to limited availability of medical staff. However, AI models for aiding triage have difficulty in identifying levels that are difficult or ambiguous for human clinicians to distinguish. This study aims to develop a more reliable triage model that improves the accuracy of classification, especially for cases with moderate acuity.

O-RADS US versus IOTA simple rules in the diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masses: a prospective study.

Background: Although many studies have validated the diagnostic performance of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data Systems ultrasound (O-‎RADS US), most have been observed by experienced sonologists, and relatively few by junior sonologists. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the O-RADS US and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules (SRs) in senior and junior sonologists to determine a more suitable assessment model for general clinical use.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 228 patients diagnosed with adnexal masses (AMs).

Local Cation-Ordered Superlattice Stabilizing Ni-Rich Single-Crystalline Cathodes.

Ni-rich single-crystalline cathodes are pivotal for advancing lithium-ion battery technology due to their high energy density and mechanical stability. However, Ni-rich single-crystalline particles face intrinsic structural heterogeneity due to excessively high sintering temperature required to shape micron-sized morphologies─typically over 150 °C above the polycrystalline optimum, leading to rapid electrochemical decay and unsatisfied rate performance that hinder their practical application. Here, we propose a lithium-deficient presintering strategy to synthesize cation-ordered single-crystalline LiNiCoMnO (S-NCM83), effectively minimizing lattice chemical heterogeneity and defect formation.

The association of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index with postoperative complications in patients undergoing lung resection for bronchiectasis.

Background: Patients with bronchiectasis often experience systemic inflammation and malnutrition, which adversely affect their prognosis. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) has recently emerged as a novel biomarker reflecting systemic inflammation and nutritional status. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of ALI for postoperative complications in patients with bronchiectasis undergoing localized surgical resection.

The value of prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional score in predicting survival after surgery in stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While traditional prognostic factors have mainly focused on tumor characteristics, recent evidence underscores the importance of immune response, inflammation, and nutritional status in determining patient outcomes. This study assesses the prognostic value of prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional (PIIN) score in predicting overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an age-stratified analysis.

Background: The predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the TyG index and all-cause and non-cardiovascular (non-CV) mortality in an OSA cohort, focusing on age differences.

Methods: This study enrolled 10,274 patients with OSA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008 and 2015-2018).

Immune Niche Formation in Engineered Mouse Models Reveals Mechanisms of Tumor Dormancy.

Residual tumor cells can persist in a dormant state during clinical remissions that may last decades. The mechanisms that lead to such growth control vs. eventual reactivation and macroscopic tumor outgrowth remain unclear.

Total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related indices as predictors of obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular mortality: A cross-sectional study.

The relationship between the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL) and TC/HDL with the combination of obesity indicators and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between TC/HDL-related indices and OSA as well as clinical outcomes. This study enrolled 20,076 patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008 and 2015-2018).

Collective Biosynthesis of Plant Spirooxindole Alkaloids through Enzyme Discovery and Engineering.

Collective synthesis is a well-established strategy to produce natural product collections from common intermediates. Extending this concept to enzymatic systems, collective biosynthesis offers a sustainable approach to diverse molecular collections but faces distinct challenges, including incomplete pathway knowledge and narrow substrate specificity of biosynthetic enzymes. Here, we overcome these limitations through enzyme discovery and protein engineering to achieve collective biosynthesis of spirooxindole alkaloids, an important class of natural products with diverse biological activities.

Artificial Intelligence Empowers Solid-State Batteries for Material Screening and Performance Evaluation.

Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy, high safety, and high environmental adaptability. However, the research and development of solid-state batteries are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to their complex chemical environment, rendering performance prediction arduous and delaying large-scale industrialization. Artificial intelligence serves as an accelerator for solid-state battery development by enabling efficient material screening and performance prediction.

Extending ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to plasma studies: A custom-built plasma source apparatus.

The characterization of the electronic structure and chemical states at heterogeneous interfaces (e.g., gas-solid or liquid-solid) can be effectively achieved using ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS).

Intravenous Dabigatran for Anticoagulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Sheep Model.

Background: Heparin is the standard anticoagulant used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, there are problems with heparin, including immunogenicity and variability of effect, that make a search for an alternative desirable. Dabigatran anticoagulation has been reported to provide adequate conditions for CPB in a rabbit model.

STRA13 exacerbates T2DM-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating the RXRα/UCP-1 signaling pathway.

STRA13, a basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily member, is a CLOCK gene. Previous studies have reported the role of STRA13 in regulating blood pressure. However, the role of STRA13 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been fully elucidated.

Increased DNA damage/repair response in placentas from women infected with COVID-19 in pregnancy.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 may induce DNA damage in infected cells. The objective of the study is to determine if maternal COVID-19 infection can induce cellular DNA damage in the placenta. We examined phospho-Histone H2AX (pH2AX) foci-positive cells, MRE11 expression, and telomere length (markers of DNA damage/repair) in placental specimens from women with or without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.

Predictive value of the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients after surgery.

Background: Due to the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, precise and reliable biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the prognosis in NSCLC patients after radical lung surgery. Hence, this study sought to investigate the correlation between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients after surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data, including MHR, from NSCLC patients undergoing radical surgery.

Deformation Behavior of S32750 Duplex Stainless Steel Based on In Situ EBSD Technology.

In this study, we investigated the two-phase hardening behavior and microstructural evolution of S32750 duplex stainless steel during the tensile deformation process. The analysis was conducted using in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microhardness testing. It was observed that strain transfer occurred between the two phases in the position away from the fracture.

MTPSol: Multimodal Twin Protein Solubility Prediction Architecture Based on Pretrained Models.

In the process of mining and de novo designing of new enzymes, the solubility of proteins is one of the key factors determining the efficiency of their functional expression. The development of solubility prediction algorithms is important for reducing experimental costs and enhancing the success of protein engineering. However, only a small number of studies have involved the input of protein structural information, which extremely limited the models' accuracy and generalization.

Comparative Analysis of Thrombosis in ECPella Patients Between Bivalirudin versus Heparin Anticoagulation Strategies.

Objective: To review and compare the frequency of thrombus and adverse events in patients treated with heparin or bivalirudin systemic anticoagulation strategies supported on combined venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and Impella support (ECPella) DESIGN: Retrospective observational study SETTING: Single tertiary academic medical center PARTICIPANTS: Patients age >18 years who were supported by ECPella between July 2021 and April 2024 INTERVENTIONS: None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The study population comprised 98 patients, including 29 patients treated with heparin, 35 patients treated with bivalirudin, and 34 patients treated with a combination of heparin and bivalirudin. Thirteen patients had aortic thrombus and 23 patients had deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with no difference between anticoagulation strategies. Multivariate regression suggested that age and sex were factors in the increased risk for thrombus.