Effect of halogen/chalcogen substitution on the dielectric constant of asymmetric acceptor alloy to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted organic photovoltaics.

The dielectric constant ( ) of non-fullerene acceptors is a key parameter in organic solar cells, significantly influencing exciton dissociation efficiency and charge recombination dynamics. Substituting bromine, characterized by moderate electronegativity and high polarizability, at the -benzodipyrrole core of acceptors effectively modulates their optical properties, molecular packing, and dielectric constants. The asymmetric monobrominated CBrB-Cl acceptor exhibits a more red-shifted absorption spectrum, enhanced crystallinity, and a higher of 3.

An intelligent diagnosis method for cardiovascular diseases based on the CNN-CBAM-GRU model.

Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is essential for improving patient outcomes. As a primary diagnostic modality, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals pose challenges for automatic classification due to their complex temporal and morphological characteristics. This study proposes a CNN-CBAM-GRU model that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to enhance both spatial feature representation and temporal sequence modeling.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity Evaluation of Novel Hydrazide-Containing -Perillaldehyde Derivatives as Potential Fungicides.

In this study, 36 novel hydrazide-containing -perillaldehyde derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activity. In the antifungal assays, most of the target compounds exhibited remarkable antifungal activity. Notably, compound displayed exceptional antifungal activities against (EC = 0.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing Scale for Disaster Rescue Nurses in Mainland China.

Disaster rescue nurses (DRNs) play an essential role in disaster medical rescue. To ensure an effective response, it is imperative to assess the core competencies of DRNs. In 2019, the International Council of Nurses (ICNs) published the Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing Version 2.

Unraveling and Suppression of Multi-Directional Planar Slipping and Microcracking in Single-Crystal Co-Free, Ni-Rich Cathodes.

High-capacity Co-free Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for lithium-based batteries, but they suffer from chemo-electro-mechanical instabilities. While single-crystal morphologies reduce these issues, slipping, and microcracking persist during extended cycling, and the degradation mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Herein, we report on multi-directional planar slipping and microcracking along the (003) and (100) planes in a single-crystal LiNiMnO (LNM) cathode.

Machine learning of whole-brain resting-state fMRI signatures for individualized grading of frontal gliomas.

Purpose: Accurate preoperative grading of gliomas is critical for therapeutic planning and prognostic evaluation. We developed a noninvasive machine learning model leveraging whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) biomarkers to discriminate high-grade (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in the frontal lobe.

Methods: This retrospective study included 138 patients (78 LGGs, 60 HGGs) with left frontal gliomas.

A foundational triage system for improving accuracy in moderate acuity level emergency classifications.

Background: Triage is an essential part of Emergency Medicine, which may be assisted by AI models due to limited availability of medical staff. However, AI models for aiding triage have difficulty in identifying levels that are difficult or ambiguous for human clinicians to distinguish. This study aims to develop a more reliable triage model that improves the accuracy of classification, especially for cases with moderate acuity.

Strangulated inguinal indirect hernia as a cause of secondary torsion of the greater omentum: A rare case report and literature review.

Rationale: Omental torsion is a rare surgical acute abdomen. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and atypical symptoms, preoperative diagnosis is very difficult, and it is often confused with acute abdomen caused by other reasons. Secondary omental torsion caused by the incarcerated hernia is extremely rare.

Machine learning prediction and interpretability analysis of high-risk chest pain: a study from the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: High-risk chest pain is a critical presentation in emergency departments, frequently indicative of life-threatening cardiopulmonary conditions. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for improving patient survival rates.

Methods: We developed a machine learning prediction model using the MIMIC-IV database (n = 14,716 patients, including 1,302 high-risk cases).

Cascade-Targeted Nanoparticles for Enhanced Gemcitabine Delivery and Adenosine Metabolism Modulation to Overcome Treatment Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer.

KRAS mutations are find in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases, making PDAC exhibit intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), disappointing the clinically preferred chemotherapy-immunotherapy combination. Standing on the cross point of therapeutic resistance, the aberrant adenosine metabolism contributes greatly to chemo- and immunotherapy tolerance. KRAS mutation-induced over-expression of key enzyme CD39 is believed to be involved in shaping the immunosuppressive TME, as it catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine.

Wet-electrospun porous freeform scaffold enhances colonisation of cells.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage. Electrospun scaffolds have shown promise in the regeneration of degraded areas due to their highly interconnected and extracellular matrix-mimicking structures. However, current electrospun scaffold-based therapies are limited by the constraints of 2D cell culture.

Sonoporation-enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of aminoglycosides against Gram-negative persisters.

Bacterial persisters pose a significant challenge to antibiotic therapy, often causing treatment failure and chronic infections. Improving antibiotic efficacy against persisters is thus clinically crucial. In this study, we developed a low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound system (40 kHz, 0.

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Novel Benzimidazole-Containing Flavonol Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors against .

Microtubules are essential components of cells, contributing to the maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, cell division, signal transduction, and various other functions. To discover novel tubulin-targeting fungicides, two series of benzimidazole-containing flavonol derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activity. Compound exhibited optimal antifungal activity against (EC = 0.

A Preliminary Study on the "Hitchhiking" of Radionuclides on Microplastics: A New Threat to the Marine Environment from Compound Pollution.

With the widespread use of plastic products globally, the issue of microplastics as environmental pollutants has become increasingly severe. Due to their small size, large surface area, and hydrophobic properties, microplastics are capable of adsorbing various pollutants, particularly radionuclides, which, in turn, can impact the stability of ecosystems. This laboratory study investigates the adsorption capacity of microplastics (PVC) for radionuclides (Ra-226, Cs-137, and K-40) under controlled conditions, examining the effects of spatial distribution and particle size.

Spatial Heterogenous Redox Couples Degradation in Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials and the Mitigation of Voltage Fade by Blocking Oxygen Release.

The use of anionic redox has become a new paradigm for improving the energy density of rechargeable batteries, which is essential for improving the market competitiveness of sodium-ion batteries. However, issues such as voltage attenuation and cycling stability degradation persist in layered oxide anion redox cathode materials. In this study, we systematically investigate the classic Na-ion cathode material NaLiMnO, and the primary causes of voltage decay are identified as the activation of cations and the reduction in anion redox activity.

Optically induced holographic gratings in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal activated by an electric field.

One of the fundamental components in modern optics and advanced photonics is diffraction grating, crucial for designing compact and highly tunable advanced optical devices. We demonstrate formation of a dynamic diffraction grating induced by two wave-mixing in a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with the assistance of a weak electric field. A grating with a first-order diffraction efficiency of ∼3.

A pilot study for virus-induced neural network remodeling in sudden hearing loss and tinnitus: A graph attention network approach.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate early central abnormalities in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and tinnitus following viral infection, specifically associated with SARS-CoV-2. We sought to identify shared and distinct functional connectivity (FC) features across SSNHL and tinnitus patients with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore how virus influences brain network remodeling in SSNHL and tinnitus.

Methods: We recruited 31 SSNHL patients with tinnitus following SARS-CoV-2 infection (COV-SSNHL), 32 non-viral SSNHL patients with tinnitus, and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC).

Automatic collateral quantification in acute ischemic stroke using U-net.

Objectives: To harness the U-Net deep learning framework for automated quantification of collateral circulation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) via computed tomography angiography (CTA) images, comparing its performance against traditional visual collateral scores (vCS).

Methods: A cohort of 118 confirmed AIS cases was assembled and stratified into 94 development and 24 test cases. CTA images underwent preprocessing and annotation.

Moisture-Microbial Interaction Amplifies NO Emission Hot Moments Under Deepened Snow in Grasslands.

Freeze-thaw-induced NO pulses could account for nearly half of annual NO fluxes in cold climates, but their episodic nature, sensitivity to snow cover dynamics, and the challenges of cold-season monitoring complicate their accurate estimation and representation in global models. To address these challenges, we combined in situ automated high-frequency flux measurements with cross-ecoregion soil core incubations to investigate the mechanisms driving freeze-thaw-induced NO emissions. We found that deepened snow significantly amplified freeze-thaw NO pulses, with these ~50-day episodes contributing over 50% of annual fluxes.

Exploring Abeta42 monomer diffusion dynamics on fibril surfaces through molecular simulations.

This study provides critical insights into the role of surface-mediated processes in Alzheimer's disease, with implications for the aggregation of Abeta42 peptides. Employing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we focus on elucidating the molecular intricacies of these processes beyond primary nucleation. Central to our investigation is the analysis of a freely diffusing Abeta42 monomer on preformed fibril structures.

Multicationic interactions mitigating lattice strain in sodium layered cathodes.

Transition-metal (TM) layered oxides have emerged as the primary cathode choice for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high energy density and sustainable chemistry using non-critical elements. However, their anisotropic lattice strain and stress accumulation during (de)sodiation lead to severe structural degradation, yet an intrinsic strain-depressant approach remains elusive. Herein, we propose entropy regulation with zero Li/Co usage to mitigate harmful lattice displacements and enhance the electrochemical performance of sodium layered cathodes.

Fast-Charging Phosphorus Anodes Enabled by Fluorinated Weakly Solvated Electrolytes for Stable and High-Rate Lithium Storage.

Phosphorus-based anodes hold promise for energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity and favorable lithiation potential. However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and irreversible capacity loss, primarily attributed to multiphase lithiation/delithiation reactions and the dissolution of lithium polyphosphide intermediates. Herein, a universal design principle of weakly solvated electrolytes (WSEs) tailored for phosphorus-based anodes is proposed.

Harnessing routine MRI for the early screening of Parkinson's disease: a multicenter machine learning study using T2-weighted FLAIR imaging.

Objective: To explore the potential of radiomics features derived from T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2W FLAIR) images to distinguish idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients from healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: T2W FLAIR images from 1727 subjects were retrospectively obtained from five cohorts and divided into a training set (395 PD/574 HC), an internal test set (99 PD/144 HC) and an external test set (295 PD/220 HC). Regions of interest (ROIs), including bilateral globus pallidus (GP), putamen (PU), substantia nigra (SN), and red nucleus (RN), were manually delineated.

Exploring the mechanism of triptolide inhibiting the motility of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via RhoA/Rho-associated kinase axis, based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

Background And Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the hyperproliferation and invasive behavior of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS), which contributes to the degradation of articular cartilage and bone. Inhibition of RA-FLS proliferation, migration and invasion has become an important therapeutic strategy for RA. Triptolide (TPL), an epoxy diterpene lactone compound from the traditional Chinese medicine , has significant immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects.