Stage-Resolved Phosphoproteomic Landscape of Mouse Spermiogenesis Reveals Key Kinase Signaling in Sperm Morphogenesis.

Spermiogenesis is the committed step of sperm production, during which spermatid cells undergo dramatic morphological transformations and transcriptional silencing. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, provide a level of protein function flexibility and play important roles in spermiogenesis. Dynamic protein phosphorylation profiles of spermatids are characterized across four different developing steps, and identified phosphorylation regulation of key proteins in spermiogenesis.

How electronic health literacy influences physical activity behaviour among university students: A moderated mediation model.

Purpose: This study examines how eHealth literacy influences exercise behaviour among university students through a moderated mediation model. Specifically, peer relationships are positioned as mediators, while sleep quality moderates the effect of eHealth literacy on exercise behaviour among university students. The study explores the intricate interactions involved and elucidates how eHealth literacy affects exercise behaviour through multiple dimensions.

Enhancing Reaction Compatibility in Telescoped Multistep Flow Synthesis via Hybridizing Micro Packed-Bed/Micro Tubing Reactors: Application to Cyproflanilide and Broflanilide.

Telescoped multistep flow synthesis, which integrates sequential reactions into a seamless sequence without intermediate isolation, serves as a transformative force propelling the advancement of continuous drug manufacturing. However, interstep incompatibility caused by varying reaction conditions hinders its development and application. To address this critical challenge, we present a hybrid flow system combining micro packed bed reactors (μPBRs) and microtubular reactors (μTRs).

Harnessing the power of hashtags: Temporal pattern mining and storyline construction for event evolution on social media.

With the rapid development and wide application of social media, Weibo, as one of the major social media platforms in China, plays an important role in connecting users with information. However, the huge amount of Weibo data poses challenges for effective analysis and understanding. Timeline construction is critical for understanding event progression, enabling stakeholders to track public opinion shifts, identify critical phases of event development, and formulate timely interventions.

Machine Learning for Personalized Prediction of Electrocardiogram (EKG) Use in Emergency Care.

: Electrocardiograms (EKGs) are essential tools in emergency medicine, often used to evaluate chest pain, dyspnea, and other symptoms suggestive of cardiac dysfunction. Yet, EKGs are not universally administered to all emergency department (ED) patients. Understanding and predicting which patients receive an EKG may offer insights into clinical decision making, resource allocation, and potential disparities in care.

Multi-omics analysis reveals RNA polymerase II degradation as a novel mechanism of PF-3758309's anti-tumor activity.

PF-3758309, a pyrrolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), has demonstrated preclinical anti-tumor activity. However, due to poor pharmacokinetics and off-target effects, it has not advanced to clinical use. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive multi-omics analysis, including proteomics, transcriptomics, and ubiquitinomics, to investigate the mechanism of PF-3758309 in HCT116 cells.

Characteristics and associated cognitive indicators of decision-making decline over time in older people with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Impaired decision-making (DM) under uncertainty in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases financial vulnerability and suboptimal medical decision-making OBJECTIVE: This two-year longitudinal study characterized DM changes in MCI and identified modifiable cognitive correlates for functional preservation.

Methods: Fifty-two MCI and 49 cognitively normal (CN) participants underwent annual Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), modeled via Outcome-Representation Learning (ORL) to quantify reward/punishment learning rates (A/A), memory decay (K), and win/deck perseverance (β/β). Concurrent neuropsychological assessments measured six domains.

Dependence of the terahertz wave frequency upconversion detection characteristics on the pumping pulse energy.

Terahertz (THz) frequency upconversion detection is a promising method in the field of THz measurement. This paper focuses on the dependence of the THz frequency upconversion detection characteristics based on the stimulated polariton scattering (SPS) effect in lithium niobite (LN) crystal on the pumping pulse energy. It was found that optimal pumping pulse energy exists, which leads to the largest ratio of the upconverted Stokes signal to the background clutter.

Miniature FBG force sensor capable of effectively resisting lateral forces.

This paper presents a high-precision miniature force sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for measuring axial contact force (CF) between a medical instrument tip and tissue during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) palpation. The newly designed FBG force sensor, with a reduced diameter of 1.5 mm and a total length of 12 mm, is easier to integrate into miniature medical instruments compared to existing 3 mm diameter sensors.

Forward Design of Single Ultra-Wide Range and Highly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensor for Multi- Physiological-Motion Monitoring.

Most human physiological and motion information can be converted into surface vibration signals, which can be monitored through flexible wearable pressure sensors. However, the pressure levels generated by different physiological signals vary widely, ranging from a few Pa to several MPa. The current existing flexible pressure sensors struggle to simultaneously achieve such a wide detection range with high sensitivity.

Total Flavones of Protect Against Ischemic Cerebral Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation of the RhoA-ROCK Pathway via Endothelial-Derived HS.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which the total flavones of (TFR) protect against cerebral ischemic injury through the endothelial-derived HS-mediated regulation of RhoA phosphorylation at the Ser188 and Rho kinase 2 (ROCK) phosphorylation at Thr436. For experimental design, mouse or rat cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured with or without neurons and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. The vasodilation of the cerebral basilar artery was assessed.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Family in L. and Functional Identification of in Oleic Acid Synthesis.

β-ketolipoyl coenzyme A synthase (KCS) is an essential limiting catalyst involved in carbon chain elongation during fatty acid biosynthesis, characterized by strict substrate specificity. C18:1 (oleic acid) plays a vital role in cell membranes and is essential for nutrient storage and stress defense. There are indications of significant accumulation and rapid synthesis of C18:1 during the early growth stages of L.

Analysis of Carcass and Meat Characteristics in Breast Muscle Between Hubbard White Broilers and Xueshan Chickens.

The focus on selecting broilers for rapid growth rates and enhanced breast muscle yield has resulted in a decline in meat quality. The differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality between Hubbard white broilers (HWs, a commercial breed) and Xueshan chickens (XSs, an indigenous breed) at market age were analyzed to determine the potential mechanisms responsible for these differences. The results show that HWs exhibited significantly better carcass performance than XSs, including the larger weight of the carcass, the breast muscle, and the thigh muscle ( < 0.

Co-Selection of Low Cadmium Accumulation and High Yield During Tomato Improvement.

Enhancing crop production and yield is necessary to feed an increasing population, but cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops poses a serious threat to human health. It is found that a trend during domestication is for the co-selection of improved tomato yield and reduced Cd accumulation. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 506 tomato accessions identifies a natural allele, LCT1, which confers low Cd accumulation in the shoots and fruits of tomato.

Enhancing anammox resistance to salinity stress through waste iron scraps addition: Performance and microbial community dynamics.

This study investigated the potential of waste iron scraps (WIS) to improve salinity resistance in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) systems. Two reactors (R1 was used as a control and R2 was modified with WIS) were operated under increasing salt stress (0-2.75 %).

MsDUNE: A multi-scale masked temporal fusion framework for speaker-independent lipreading via Dirichlet uncertainty estimation.

Lipreading, the task of recognizing speech based on visual cues from lip movements, typically requires a substantial amount of labeled training data to achieve optimal performance. However, this task is highly sensitive to variations among speakers, often resulting in significantly degraded recognition accuracy for unseen speakers. In this work, we introduce a novel framework, multi-scale masked temporal fusion with Dirichlet uncertainty estimation (MsDUNE), designed to mitigate the feature distribution disparities across different speakers.

An auxetic insole design with reverse graded-stiffness to relieve detrimental tissue stresses under bony prominence of calcaneus in diabetic foot.

To effectively mitigate detrimental tissue stresses of the diabetic foot for preventing ulceration, contemporary strategies frequently utilize pressure-relief insoles. In this study, we have developed an innovative enhanced pressure-relief insole that integrate auxetic structures with a reverse graded-stiffness property. We introduce a novel modification to the insole internal structure, exhibiting untraditional regional stiffness from the center to the periphery.

Nanostructure-Informed Multiscale Modeling of Degradation Effects on Proton Conductivity in Nafion Membranes.

The objective of this study is to establish a comprehensive multiscale modeling framework capable of accurately predicting the nanostructure properties and proton conductivity of Nafion membranes under varying hydration levels, temperatures, and chemical degradation conditions. Initially, we constructed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) model to simulate structural evolution in Nafion membranes, systematically incorporating membrane degradation─an aspect rarely explored in prior studies. The resulting CGMD-derived nanostructures were subsequently analyzed using advanced numerical techniques, including the finite difference method (FDM) for vehicle-mechanism (VM) proton transport and a collective random walk model (RWM) to capture Grotthuss-mechanism (GM) hopping dynamics.

Clinical characteristics and resource utilization of emergency department patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: This study investigates the differences between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in U.S. emergency departments (EDs), focusing on demographics, resource utilization, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Experimental and theoretical study of phonon-assisted Raman generation in KGd(WO) crystal.

This paper investigated the characteristics of the phonon-assisted Raman generation in KGd(WO) crystal pumped by short -band-width Q-switched pulses. The KGd(WO) Raman laser pumped by 1064.15 nm pulse generates a phonon wave in the KGd(WO) crystal besides the ordinary Stokes laser output at 1177.

A 12-week cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an AI-aided DICE algorithm for BPSD management in low-resource settings: a study protocol.

Background: The "Describe-Investigate-Create-Evaluate" (DICE) approach has been considered a guide for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, limited resources may limit the implementation of the DICE approach. With the development of AI technology, the effectiveness of the AI-aided DICE algorithm for BPSD management has yet to be determined.

Advancements and Design Strategies for Self-Supported Electrocatalysts Operating in Alkaline Conditions at High-Current-Density.

Alkaline water splitting is one of the most mature sustainable hydrogen production methods. However, the overall efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis is significantly constrained by the anode oxygen evolution reaction, where the four-electron transfer process leads to slow reaction kinetics, limiting the achievement of efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production at high-current-density. Although substantial efforts have been made in the academic community to enhance the activity of electrocatalysts, challenges remain in achieving high activity and stability of catalysts at high-current-density.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of old age mental health among Chinese medical undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Mental health is crucial to older adults, especially in the context of the aging society and longevity era. To better address these challenges, it is necessary to delineate medical students' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) status from the first-year students to the junior before entering clinical practice. Thus, the study aimed to investigate medical undergraduate students' KAP regarding the mental health of older adults.

Versatile near-infrared polarization-sensitive ionic liquid-gated organic electrochemical phototransistor.

In response to the rising demand for diversified detection capabilities, multi-dimensional and multi-functional optoelectronic devices have become a significant focus in scientific research. The organic electrochemical phototransistor (OECPT) is a pioneering photoelectric conversion device whose unique operating mechanism positions it as a strong candidate for applications in areas such as biological systems, sensing, and artificial neural network modeling. In this study, polarization-responsive OECPT devices were fabricated by combining thermally oriented anisotropic thin films with ionic liquid gating.

Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Negative-Poisson's-Ratio Honeycomb Helmets in Craniocerebral Injury Protection.

Helmets are crucial for protecting motorcycle riders from head injuries in accidents. This study proposes a helmet pad design based on a negative-Poisson's-ratio (NPR) structure and comprehensively evaluates its protective effect on head injuries. A concave hexagonal honeycomb structure was embedded into the energy-absorbing lining of a motorcycle helmet, and finite element collision simulations were conducted according to the ECE R22.