HySwinFormer: A hybrid deep learning architecture for fine-grained classification of marine microalgae.

Accurate identification of microalgae is vital for marine ecological monitoring, algal bloom early warning, and environmental management. However, existing methods often struggle with misclassification due to the morphological similarity and biological complexity of microalgae. To address this, we propose HySwinFormer, a dual-branch deep learning architecture designed for fine-grained classification of microalgal images.

Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a cuproptosis-related LncRNA prognostic signature in neuroblastoma.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, originates from developing sympathetic nervous system. While cuproptosis has emerged as a critical regulator in oncobiology, its mechanistic involvement in NB remains poorly characterized.

Methods: RNA-seq data of NB patients was analyzed using limma and ClusterProfiler.

Time-Dependent Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes in Breast MR Images With Contrast for Tumor Characterization.

Background: To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation.

Patients And Methods: Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized.

Accelerated MRI in temporomandibular joints using AI-assisted compressed sensing technique: a feasibility study.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of accelerated MRI with artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technique in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and compare its performance with parallel imaging (PI) protocol and standard (STD) protocol.

Materials And Methods: Participants with TMJ-related symptoms were prospectively enrolled from April 2023 to May 2024, and underwent bilateral TMJ imaging examinations using ACS protocol (6:08 min), PI protocol (10:57 min), and STD protocol (13:28 min). Overall image quality and visibility of TMJ relevant structures were qualitatively evaluated by a 4-point Likert scale.

Discovery of Coumarin-7-/-Acethydrazide Derivatives as Novel Antifungal and Herbicidal Agents.

Natural products (NPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their structural diversity, abundance, and low environmental impact, making them valuable for novel fungicide development. In this study, a series of coumarin-7-/ acethydrazide derivatives were synthesized by incorporating acetic acid moieties into the coumarin scaffold. The in vitro antifungal activities of these compounds were evaluated against six common plant pathogenic fungi.

Optimization of Magnetic Finishing Process and Surface Quality Research for Inner Wall of MP35N Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Vascular Stent Tubing Based on Plasma-Fused AlO Magnetic Abrasives.

To solve the manufacturing problem of the efficient removal of multi-scale surface defects (wrinkles, cracks, scratches, etc.) on the inner wall of MP35N cobalt-chromium alloy vascular stents, this study proposes a collaborative optimization strategy of magnetic abrasive polishing (MAF) based on a new type of magnetic abrasive. In response to the unique requirements for the inner wall processing of high aspect ratio microtubes, metal-based AlO magnetic abrasives with superior performance were prepared by the plasma melt powder spraying method.

Discovery of novel 3-phenylhydrazone coumarin derivatives as potential antifungal agents against phytopathogenic fungi.

Plant fungal diseases, such as rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, significantly impact crop yield and quality. To discover novel fungicides, 39 novel 3-phenylhydrazone coumarin compounds were synthesized using natural product modeling and active substructure merging strategies. Their bioactivity was tested against six plant pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum orbiculare, and Alternaria alternata.

Overexpression of DWF1 Enhances Low-Nitrogen Stress Tolerance in Potato Plants.

Nitrogen is an important nutrient required for plant growth and development, but most of the time plants face nitrogen deficiency, all it is important to study the mechanism of low nitrogen tolerance in plants. This study addresses this gap by investigating the role of the gene through the generation and analysis of transgenic potato lines overexpressing (OE1, OE2, OE3). Exogenous BL treatment showed that the gene responded to oleuropein lactone.

Feasibility of ultrafast DCE-MRI for identifying benign and malignant breast lesions.

Objectives: This study investigates whether the use of ultrafast DCE-MRI immediately after contrast injection is an alternative to conventional DCE-MRI for diagnosing benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods: A total of 86 female patients were included in this prospective study. Each patient underwent both ultrafast DCE-MRI and conventional DCE-MRI before surgery.

Analysis of the causes of redo pull-through for recurrent constipation and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the Hirschsprung's disease: a single-center retrospective study and systematic review.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gastrointestinal disorder. Pull-through (PT) surgery, the primary treatment, often leads to recurrent constipation. The causes of redo pull-through (redo-PT) for recurrent constipation remain unclear, with limited research on follow-up outcomes and prognostic factors.

The effect of temperature on carbon, nitrogen elements, and chlorophyll-a content in harmful algal blooms and their role in marine carbon and nitrogen cycles.

This study investigates the impact of temperature on the carbon, nitrogen elements, and chlorophyll-a content in harmful algal blooms, revealing their potential contribution to blue carbon ecosystems. By culturing 15 species of dinoflagellate at various temperatures, we measured their carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll-a content. The results indicated that temperature significantly influences the growth rate, C/N ratio, and chlorophyll-a content of these dinoflagellate.

SARS-CoV-2 specific adaptations in N protein inhibit NF-κB activation and alter pathogenesis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) exhibit differences in their inflammatory responses and pulmonary damage, yet the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein inhibits the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and downstream signal transduction by impeding the assembly of the transforming growth factor β-activated kinase1 (TAK1)-TAK1 binding protein 2/3 (TAB2/3) complex. In contrast, the SARS-CoV N protein does not impact the NF-κB pathway.

Qualitative and Quantitative Luminescence Detection of 2,6-Dipicolinic Acid and Levofloxacin Based on a High-Nuclearity Eu(III) Nanomolecular Sensor.

Rapid and accurate testing of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) and levofloxacin (LFX) has been attracting much attention due to the fact that the former is an important biomarker of anthrax spores and the latter is a third-generation fluoroquinolone drug and has been recognized as an important environmental pollutant. Herein, we report the preparation of a 13-metal Eu(III) nanomolecular sensor (molecular sizes: 2.0 × 2.

Dried blood spots-based metabolomic analysis in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death among premature infants, and there is a lack of specific early diagnostic markers. Blood sampling is expected to better reflect pathophysiological and metabolic changes in systematic illness, but there is a risk of iatrogenic anemia, especially in premature infants. Dried blood spots technique seems to have important advantages compared to whole blood sampling as it requires only 12-15 μL as sample volume.

Exploring causal association between malnutrition, nutrients intake and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Malnutrition has emerged as main side effects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which might also affect the prognosis of IBD. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. We aimed to identify the causality of IBD on malnutrition and explore the causal relationship of malnutrition and nutrients intake on IBD by using Mendelian randomization (MR).

A functional-group-based perspective on the response of marine phytoplankton to mesoscale eddies.

This study analyzed the response of marine phytoplankton to environmental changes induced by mesoscale warm eddies through the lens of functional groups, highlighting the complex interactions within the ecosystem. It was found that warm eddies significantly affected phytoplankton distribution, with cell abundance in the center being only 75.60 cells/L, compared to 1095.

Exploring the response and prediction of phytoplankton to environmental factors in eutrophic marine areas using interpretable machine learning methods.

Coastal marine areas are frequently affected by human activities and face ecological and environmental threats, such as algal blooms and climate change. The community structure of phytoplankton-primary producers in marine ecosystems-is highly sensitive to environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and nutrients. However, traditional methods for exploring the relationship between phytoplankton communities and environmental factors in eutrophic marine areas are limited by various factors.

Structural and functional insights into the 2'-O-methyltransferase of SARS-CoV-2.

A unique feature of coronaviruses is their utilization of self-encoded nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16), 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase), to cap their RNAs through ribose 2'-O-methylation modification. This process is crucial for maintaining viral genome stability, facilitating efficient translation, and enabling immune escape. Despite considerable advances in the ultrastructure of SARS-CoV-2 nsp16/nsp10, insights into its molecular mechanism have so far been limited.

Natural evidence of coronaviral 2'-O-methyltransferase activity affecting viral pathogenesis via improved substrate RNA binding.

Previous studies through targeted mutagenesis of K-D-K-E motif have demonstrated that 2'-O-MTase activity is essential for efficient viral replication and immune evasion. However, the K-D-K-E catalytic motif of 2'-O-MTase is highly conserved across numerous viruses, including flaviviruses, vaccinia viruses, coronaviruses, and extends even to mammals. Here, we observed a stronger 2'-O-MTase activity in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV, despite the presence of a consistently active catalytic center.

The lethal K18-hACE2 knock-in mouse model mimicking the severe pneumonia of COVID-19 is practicable for antiviral development.

Animal models of COVID-19 facilitate the development of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of antivirals or vaccines may differ in different animal models with varied degrees of disease. Here, we introduce a mouse model expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).

Hydroxygenkwanin suppresses peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer by modulating tumor-associated macrophages polarization.

Peritoneal metastasis is an important cause of high mortality and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Therefore, the development of compounds with unique anti-CRC Peritoneal metastasis activities is urgently needed to improve the survival of CRC patients. Hydroxygenkwanin (HGK),a natural flavonoid compound, have been shown to display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects.