Planetary Health Diet and risk of mortality and chronic diseases: Results from US NHANES, UK Biobank, and a meta-analysis.

The health benefits of the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) require further validation. We examined associations between PHD adherence and risks of mortality and chronic diseases using data from two prospective cohorts-the US NHANES (1999-2018, 42,947 participants) and the UKB (125,372 participants)-and a meta-analysis of 37 published cohort studies (3,244,263 participants). Higher adherence to PHD was associated with lower all-cause mortality in both cohorts.

Current advances and emerging prospects of specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides: A comprehensive review.

To prevent the indiscriminate impact of traditional antimicrobials on both harmful and beneficial microbes in the host, specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) have been designed and developed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in STAMPs, with an emphasis on their structure, antimicrobial activity, design strategies, applications, challenges, and future prospects. STAMPs are composed of targeting, linker, and killing domains, which facilitate the precise elimination of specific pathogens while minimizing impacts on non-targeted microorganisms.

Plasma GDF15 affects long-term dementia risk and alters neuro-immune signaling.

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a secreted peptide hormone and cytokine that is strongly associated with dementia risk. However, the extent to which plasma GDF15 represents a biomarker and driver of dementia risk remains unclear. Across multiple cohorts, we demonstrated that plasma GDF15 is associated with greater dementia risk over 15-to 25-year follow-up periods when measured in midlife, with stronger associations observed for vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Targeting YAP1-dependent aerobic glycolysis to mitigate fibrosis progression in morphea.

Morphea, a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive skin fibrosis and soft tissue atrophy, remains clinically challenging due to poorly understood pathogenesis. Here, we revealed that mechanical abnormalities in morphea tissues activate the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which drives pathological fibrosis through glycolytic reprogramming. Mechanistically, YAP1 promotes glycolysis by upregulating the expression of phosphofructokinase platelet type (PFKP), thus creating a self-reinforcing profibrotic cycle.

Design and Synthesis of a NTR-Sensitive Fluorescent HS Donor as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Myocardial ischemia is a key feature of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which upregulates nitroreductase (NTR) expression. Targeting this mechanism, the design of NTR-responsive prodrugs has emerged as an innovative strategy for MIRI treatment. Herein, we synthesized HSD-NTR-B, a novel NTR-responsive hydrogen sulfide donor.

Security analysis of mode-pairing quantum key distribution with flexible pairing strategy.

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) is advantageous for long-distance secure communication, leveraging its simple implementation and quadratic scaling capacity. The post-measurement pairing in MP-QKD alleviates the photon-coincidence demands, which are essential for surpassing the fundamental limit to the key-rate transmission. In this work, we propose an improved decoy-state MP-QKD protocol featuring a flexible and efficient pairing strategy.

Dietary live microbe intake and its association with Parkinson's disease in American adults: an NHANES analysis (1999-2018).

Background: Diet plays a crucial role in sustaining a healthy body, and microbes have attracted significant scholarly interest in recent years as an essential component of diet. This study aims to explore the association between dietary live microbe intake and the incidence of Parkinson's Disease (PD) among adults over 40 years old.

Methods: A total of 26,033 subjects in NHANES 1999-2018 were included in this study, comprising 314 patients with PD, which were divided into three groups based on their intake of foods with different levels of microbial content: high, medium, and low.

Early radiotherapy improved survival of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy.

Background And Purpose: This real-world study aimed to investigate the efficacy of early radiotherapy (RT) in ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy.

Materials And Methods: ES-SCLC patients were enrolled from August 2018 to October 2023. Patients who received early radiotherapy before disease progression were defined as Early RT group, while the others, named Salvage and Non-RT (S&N RT) group.

Dexmedetomidine increases the risk of delirium in critically ill patients: A propensity score analysis.

Delirium frequently affects patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative with limited respiratory depressant effects, may be advantageous for preventing sedation-related delirium. Current evidence on the potential association between DEX and delirium is mixed, and the specific relationship between DEX administration within 24 hours and delirium occurrence remains unclear.

A case of diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal Langerhans cytosis.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease. It mainly involves abnormal proliferation and aggregation of Langerhans cells, a type of cell of the immune system.Langerhans cytosis is more common in the bone, but it has rarely been reported in the mediastinum.

Overexpression of DWF1 Enhances Low-Nitrogen Stress Tolerance in Potato Plants.

Nitrogen is an important nutrient required for plant growth and development, but most of the time plants face nitrogen deficiency, all it is important to study the mechanism of low nitrogen tolerance in plants. This study addresses this gap by investigating the role of the gene through the generation and analysis of transgenic potato lines overexpressing (OE1, OE2, OE3). Exogenous BL treatment showed that the gene responded to oleuropein lactone.

Mechanistic insights into the digestion resistance of wheat starch upon complexation with peanut skin polyphenols.

Modification with peanut skin polyphenols (PPs) may retard starch digestion, while the modulation mechanism and the primary factor responsible for digestion resistance are unclear. In this work, polyphenols from red, white, and black peanut skins, which labeled as RPPs, WPPs, and BPPs, were utilized to form complexes with wheat starch (WS). The eGI displayed a downward trend after complexation, with specific values of 79.

A ROS-responsive nanoprodrug-engineered phage biotherapy for precision treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) pose a significant threat to global healthcare, causing severe morbidity and mortality rates in pneumonia cases. Despite the effectiveness of polymyxins, their clinical use is limited by toxicity and emerging bacterial resistance. Here, we describe a precisely targeting, biohybrid therapeutic platform that combines a polymyxin B-based prodrug nanosystem with an engineered phage.

Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review.

Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL), based on self-directed learning, is an instructional strategy that shifts the approach from the instructor to the student (student-centered). Notwithstanding its adoption in undergraduate and graduate medical education, its usefulness remains a topic of debate. This study aims to review current worldwide data on the efficacy and utility of critical thinking and clinical skills using PBL educational methods for teaching programs to undergraduate medical students, ursing students, dental students and medical residents.

A review of Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials for alkali-ion batteries.

Compared with the costly and toxic LiCoO cathode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), nickel-based layered oxide (NLO) cathode materials exhibit the advantages of high capacity, natural abundance, environment-friendliness, and low cost, displaying tremendous application potentials in power batteries for automobiles and aircrafts. This review comprehensively introduces the challenges faced by NLO cathode materials in all alkali-ion batteries (AIBs) in their material synthesis, cation mixing, particle cracking, phase changes, cation dissolution of Mn, and oxygen loss Various strategies, including heteroatom doping, surface coating, and concentration gradient, are applied to tackle these problems by developing layered LiNiMO (M: metal; 0 < < 1) and LiNiCoMnO ( + + = 1) materials. The successful commercial application of NLO cathode materials in LIBs has further driven their developments in sodium/potassium-ion batteries the synthesis of (Na/K)NiMO.

Integration of single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomics to decipher tumor phenotype predictive of relapse-free survival in Wilms tumor.

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common childhood renal malignancy, with recurrence linked to poor prognosis. Identifying the molecular features of tumor phenotypes that drive recurrence and discovering novel targets are crucial for improving treatment strategies and enhancing patient outcomes.

Methods: Single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics (ST), bulk RNA-seq, and mutation/copy number data were curated from public databases.

A superoxide anion responsive and self-reporting fluorescent HS donor for the treatment of diabetic wound.

Superoxide anion (O) not only serves as a critical precursor for numerous damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also is implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. Consequently, reducing the levels of superoxide anions and alleviating oxidative stress are of paramount importance. Conversely, hydrogen sulfide (HS), recognized as a significant biological signaling molecule, plays vital roles in protecting mammalian cells from oxidative damage and promoting tissue regeneration.

Andrias davidianus Derived Glycosaminoglycans Direct Diabetic Wound Repair by Reprogramming Reparative Macrophage Glucolipid Metabolism.

Harnessing cross-species regenerative cues to direct human regenerative potential is increasingly recognized as an excellent strategy in regenerative medicine, particularly for addressing the challenges of impaired wound healing in aging populations. The skin mucus of Andrias davidianus plays a critical role in self-protection and tissue repair, yet the fundamental regenerative factors and mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, this work presents evidence that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) derived from the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SAGs) serve as potent mediators of angiogenesis and inflammatory remodeling, facilitating efficient healing of diabetic wounds.

A DNA-based nanorobot for targeting, hitchhiking, and regulating neutrophils to enhance sepsis therapy.

Targeted regulation of neutrophils is an effective approach for treating neutrophil-driven inflammatory diseases, but challenges remain in minimizing off-target effects and extending drug half-life. A DNA-based nanorobot was developed to target neutrophils by using an N-acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (Ac-PGP) peptide to specifically bind to the C-X-C motif of chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) on neutrophil membranes. This robot (a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid modified with Ac-PGP, APT) identified and hitchhiked neutrophils to accumulate at inflammatory sites and prolong its half-lives, whilst also was internalized to influence the neutrophil cell cycle and maturation process to regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, migration, and recruitment in both in vivo and in vitro inflammation experiments.

The Dementia SomaSignal Test (dSST): A plasma proteomic predictor of 20-year dementia risk.

Introduction: There is an unmet need for tools to quantify dementia risk during its multi-decade preclinical/prodromal phase, given that current biomarkers predict risk over shorter follow-up periods and are specific to Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Using high-throughput proteomic assays and machine learning techniques in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 11,277), we developed the Dementia SomaSignal Test (dSST).

Results: In addition to outperforming existing plasma biomarkers, the dSST predicted mid-life dementia risk over a 20-year follow-up across two independent cohorts with different ethnic backgrounds (areas under the curve [AUCs]: dSST 0.

, a new species of Cyperaceae from the limestone regions of Guangdong, South China.

(Cyperaceae), a new species of Carexsect.Cryptostachyae in limestone regions of Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Both morphological observation and molecular analysis revealed that the new species was similar to , but differs in having inflorescence with 4-8 spikes, ovoid or nearly globose, 3-8 mm long, utricles (2.

Retrieval of nicotine content in cigar leaves by remote analysis of aerial hyperspectral combining machine learning methods.

Cigar leaf is a special type of tobacco plant, which is the raw material for producing high-quality cigars. The content and proportion of nicotine and other composite substances of cigar leaves have a crucial impact on their quality and vary greatly with the time of harvest. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in the field of crop monitoring because of its advantages of large area coverage, fast information acquisition, short cycle turnover, strong real-time performance and high efficiency.

Tetrazolium iridium complexes as potential antibacterial agents.

In this work, three iridium(iii) tetrazolato complexes have been used in antibacterial, biofilm removal and for other bioactivities for the first time. Notably, these iridium(iii) tetrazolato complexes with high antibacterial, especially, Ir-CFTAZ showed the best antimicrobial activity and the most effective hemolytic performance, which may pave the way to explore the value of the complexes for clinical applications in the future.

Framework Nucleic Acid-Based and Neutrophil-Based Nanoplatform Loading Baicalin with Targeted Drug Delivery for Anti-Inflammation Treatment.

Targeted drug delivery is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory diseases, with recent research focusing on the combination of neutrophils and nanomaterials. In this study, a targeted nanodrug delivery platform (Ac-PGP-tFNA, APT) was developed using tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) along with a neutrophil hitchhiking mechanism to achieve precise delivery and anti-inflammatory effects. The tFNA structure, known for its excellent drug-loading capacity and cellular uptake efficiency, was used to carry a therapeutic agent─baicalin.

Flexible Fiber Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Redox Signaling Molecules in Exercise-Mimicking Engineered Skeletal Muscle.

Real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in skeletal muscle provides crucial insights into the cause-and-effect relationships between physical activity and health benefits. However, the dynamic production of exercise-induced RONS remains poorly explored, due to the lack of sensing tools that can conform to soft skeletal muscle while monitor RONS release during exercise. Here we introduce dual flexible sensors via twisting carbon nanotubes into helical bundles of fibers and subsequent assembling electrochemical sensing components.