Spectro-Electrochemical Insights into Electrocatalytic CO Reduction in Acidic Media through Model Catalyst Design.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (eCOR) under acidic conditions is the game changer of resourceful CO utilization owing to the alleviated carbon loss but faces severe competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that greatly curtails the electric current efficiency. Leveraging the eCOR side of the teeterboard calls for a fundamental understanding of the triphasic electrode process involving a complex arrangement of electric double layers (EDLs). Herein, a series of model catalysts with tailored cavernous parameters are fabricated to geometrically and spectroscopically decipher the competing HER and eCOR processes that engage different proton sources.

Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate.

IgM emerged in jawed vertebrates 500 Mya and remains the most evolutionarily conserved antibody class. However, despite extensive studies on IgM as an ancient antiviral weapon in warm-blooded vertebrates, its role and mechanisms in combating viral infections in early vertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, significant virus-specific sIgM titers are generated in the serum and gut mucus of a teleost fish (largemouth bass) that survive infection, and fish lacking sIgM were more susceptible to viral infection.

Stabilizing Reticular Frameworks and Modulating Interfacial Water via Conductive Polymer Encapsulation in Metal-Organic Frameworks Electrocatalysts for Efficient Methane Production.

The electrochemical reduction of CO to CH offers a promising pathway for renewable energy storage, yet remains limited by sluggish kinetics, poor catalyst stability, and competing hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). Herein, a host-guest strategy is reported for engineering metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through the encapsulation of conductive polymers to stabilize reticular skeletons and regulate interfacial water for efficient CO-to-CH conversion. Specifically, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) are confined within Cu-anchored UiO-67 frameworks, resulting in hybrid catalysts-PPy@Cu-UiO-67 and PANI@Cu-UiO-67-with preserved crystallinity and enhanced electronic conductivity.

Full-time sequence assessment of okra seedling vigor under salt stress based on leaf area and leaf growth rate estimation using the YOLOv11-HSECal instance segmentation model.

Introduction: With the growing severity of global salinization, assessing plant growth vitality under salt stress has become a critical aspect in agricultural research.

Methods: In this paper, a method for calculating the leaf area and leaf growth rate of okra based on the YOLOv11-HSECal model is proposed, which is used to evaluate the activity of okra at the seedling stage. A high-throughput, Full-Time Sequence Crop Germination Vigor Monitoring System was developed to automatically capture image data from seed germination to seedling growth stage, while maintaining stable temperature and lighting conditions.

Failure of femoral internal fixation device secondary to phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: a case report and literature review.

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by mesenchymal tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a novel histopathologic entity that has been identified as a separate cause of TIO. Clinically, PMT is typically diagnosed late due to its rarity.

Pyroptosis-responsive microspheres modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to retard osteoporosis in female mice.

The treatment of osteoporosis and related bone defects remains challenging. This study identifies pyroptosis-driven inflammation as a key disruptor of bone homeostasis. To address this, we develop a magnesium-gelatin composite microsphere scaffold (GelMa/Mg/DMF MS) that exploit pyroptosis blockade and hydrogen-mediated inflammation regulation for osteoporosis treatment.

End-of-Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Outpatient Settings, Beijing, China: A Test-Negative Design.

This study aimed to estimate the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in Beijing, China. We used a test-negative design (TND) to assess influenza VE among outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) enrolled through the influenza virological surveillance in sentinel hospitals in Beijing from week 44, 2024 to week 14, 2025. Cases were ILI patients who tested positive for influenza; controls were those who tested negative.

Ocular Safety Evaluation of Toplic and Systemic Antifungal Medications: A Multi-Source Pharmacovigilance and Genomic Study.

Background: Antifungal agents, used topically and systemically to treat fungal infections, have been associated with ocular adverse events (AEs), yet their ocular safety profiles remain under-characterized.

Methods: This study utilized data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS, 2004-2024), a single-center retrospective study validation, and systems pharmacology analyses to investigate ocular AEs linked to antifungal drugs. Disproportionality analysis identified AE signals, while retrospective clinical data validated key findings.

Timosaponin B- II Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway.

Background: This investigation aims to elucidate the effects of Timosaponin B-II (TB-II) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) through both in vitro experiments and an in vivo orthodontic tooth movement model utilizing rats. The primary objective is to clarify the mechanisms by which TB-II influences the remodeling of periodontal tissue under biomechanical stress, thereby providing insights into its potential role in reducing relapses after orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: hPDLSCs were isolated and characterized via flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays (osteogenic and adipogenic induction).

Damnacanthus giganteus extract block diffuse large b-cell lymphoma proliferation and EMT by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and glycolysis.

Background: In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most prevalent and commonly diagnosed subtypes. There is a need to develop more effective drugs since the currently approved drugs still have limitations.

Methods: DLBCL cell lines were intervened with different concentrations of Damnacanthus giganteus extract (DGE).

A pyroptosis proportion tunable nano-modulator for cancer immunotherapy.

Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins, holds significant potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, precise control of pyroptosis in cancer cells is essential to avoid biosafety concerns. This study aimed to develop a tumor-targeted and tunable pyroptosis-inducing strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects.

Whole genome sequencing and annotations of Trametes sanguinea ZHSJ.

Trametes sanguinea belongs to the polyporaceae family and its fruiting body possesses several benefits. In the current study, Trametes sanguinea ZHSJ (T. sanguinea ZHSJ) isolated from the chestnut tree wood was studied for its whole genome sequence and transcriptome sequence with their annotations.

Folic Acid Protects Against Radiation-Induced Lung Injury by Suppressing Senescence of Lung Epithelial Cells.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a prevalent complication of thoracic tumor radiotherapy, severely compromising treatment efficacy and the patients' quality of life, yet effective prevention or treatment strategies remain elusive. Folic acid (FA), a water-soluble vitamin, plays critical roles in DNA synthesis/repair, cell cycle regulation, epigenetic regulation via methylation, oxidative stress response, and embryonic development. However, its radioprotective role has not been systematically elucidated.

Building a Heterostructure between Ni Nanoparticles and NiMoN to Enhance the Activity of the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Medium.

The development of efficient nonprecious metal catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalyst in alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is of great significance. Nickel-based catalysts are considered to be promising HOR catalysts. Here, we report the interfacial engineering of reduced graphene oxide-supported Ni and Ni-Mo bimetallic nitrides (Ni-NiMoN/rGO), which exhibit excellent catalytic activity of alkaline HOR.

Decoding mechanosensitive genes in cardiac fibroblasts via 3D hydrogel models of fibrosis.

Cardiac fibrosis arises from the abnormal activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in response to both chemical and mechanical stressors. While extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is a key determinant of fibroblast behavior, the molecular mechanisms linking mechanical signals to gene expression remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel system that mimics the ECM stiffness of normal, mid-stage, and fibrotic myocardium.

The Cerebral Lymphatic System: Function, Controversies, and Therapeutic Approaches for Central Nervous System Diseases.

The meninges serve as critical barriers that maintain immune homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) and play vital roles in immune surveillance and defense. Traditionally, the brain has been regarded as an "immune-privileged" organ owing to the absence of conventional lymphatic vessels. However, the rediscovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) has revealed a mechanism for the directional transport of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs), demonstrating that the brain possesses a distinct fluid communication pathway with the peripheral system that is independent of blood circulation.

Tailoring Low-Miller-Index Crystal Facets Realizes Perovskite Solar Cells with Flat Grain-boundary Grooves.

Charge transport and nonradiative recombination loss at the buried interface are important factors, which limit the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we screen a series of diphosphate Lewis-base molecules, where N,N-bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (N-DPPM) with appropriate alkyl chains and multiple active sites not only can efficiently facilitate carrier transport but also coordinate with undercoordinated Pb and interact with FA through N⋯H bond. These features prompt the formation of high-quality perovskite films along (100)/(200) crystal facets.

Dissolution Inhibition via Intramolecular N···I Halogen Bond Enables High-Loading Zn-Organic Battery.

The development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries faces persistent challenges in reconciling high mass-loading capabilities with extreme tolerance, particularly for organic cathodes prone to dissolution in aqueous electrolyte. Here, we present a halogen-bonded azo-based cathode material, 4,4'-azopyridine-iodide (AZPY-I), engineered through iodine-mediated molecular stabilization of pyridinic nitrogen sites. Analyses reveal that AZPY-I adopts a robust π-π conjugated framework stabilized by directional N···I halogen bonds, achieving ultralow solubility (<0.

The contrastive learning method in tongue image representation learning and its significance in intelligent diagnosis.

Objective: Tongue diagnosis is crucial in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As diagnoses cannot be standardized in TCM, reaching an ideal consensus when labeling TCM syndrome is difficult. This results in the introduction of subjective bias in the representation learning method.

Genomic insights on Mikania micrantha invasiveness: gene family expansion, transposable elements, gene expression, and population structure.

Mikania micrantha is an aggressive climbing vine that poses significant threats to ecosystems and causes severe agricultural and economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptive evolution and invasion dynamics remain unclear. Comprehensive genomics and resequencing analyses were conducted to unravel the factors driving the adaptive evolution and invasion dynamics of M.

Nitrogen addition alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria networks without promoting phosphorus mineralization in a semiarid grassland.

Mycorrhiza interplays with the microbiome in adaptation to environmental fluctuation, yet how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the associated microbiome respond to nitrogen addition remains poorly understood. Here, we addressed this gap by conducting amplicon sequencing of AMF 18S rRNA and bacterial 16S rRNA operons, along with shotgun metagenome sequencing, using soil samples collected from a semiarid grassland that has received nitrogen inputs for 11 years at different levels. We found that the nitrogen response of the AMF community was characterized by a negative association whereby increasing nitrogen addition leads to higher beta diversity and lower alpha diversity.

[Impact of early antimicrobial therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with suspected sepsis in emergency and outpatient settings: a prospective cohort study].

Objective: To investigate the impact of early antimicrobial therapy on the prognosis of patients with suspected sepsis in emergency and outpatient settings.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients with suspected sepsis admitted to the emergency department of Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, from May 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023, were enrolled.

LC-MS-Based Serum Pharmacochemistry Combined With Network Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics to Evaluate the Role of Macromolecular Components in TCMs' Decoction: A Case Study on Qi-Huo-Yi-Fei Decoction for COPD Therapy.

Introduction: The role of macromolecular components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) decoction remains poorly understood, primarily because of their structural complexity and limited systemic bioavailability. In the modernization of TCMs' decoctions, macromolecular components are often removed as "poor bioavailable impurities" by ethanol precipitation that might attenuate the efficacy thereof.

Purpose: A novel strategy integrating LC-MS-based serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and pharmacodynamics was developed to reveal the role of macromolecular components in TCMs' decoction, using Qi-Huo-Yi-Fei decoction (QH) treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a case study.

The Effect of Strain Aging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel for Reel-Lay Coiled Steel Pipelines.

Deep-sea oil and gas pipelines undergo significant plastic strain during reel-lay installation. Additionally, the static strain aging phenomenon that occurs during service can further deteriorate the mechanical properties of the pipelines. This study investigates the plastic deformation mechanism of reel-lay pipeline steel by subjecting the test steel to 5% pre-strain followed by aging treatment at 250 °C for 1 h.