Headspace single-drop microextraction-digital image colorimetry based on Au@Ag nanoparticles for detection of sulfite and sulfide in environmental water samples.

A Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs)-based digital image colorimetric method, coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction technique (HS-SDME), was developed for the sensitive speciation of sulfite and sulfide. The entire experiment was conducted in a compact headspace bottle with Au@Ag NPs as droplets that selectively reacted with HS to generate a brown product, prior to the readout of RGB values through a smartphone, thus to conduct the accurate qualitative and quantitative determination. In this way, the speciation differentiation of sulfite and sulfide was achieved by controlling their respective conditions of vapor generation.

A pyroptosis proportion tunable nano-modulator for cancer immunotherapy.

Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin proteins, holds significant potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, precise control of pyroptosis in cancer cells is essential to avoid biosafety concerns. This study aimed to develop a tumor-targeted and tunable pyroptosis-inducing strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects.

Impaired glymphatic transport in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal brain injury. The glymphatic system aids in waste clearance via perivascular pathways and is crucial in maintaining brain functions. While studies have shown that diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injury disrupt glymphatic function, the impact of HIE on this system remains largely unexplored.

Effects of Antibiotic Residues on Fecal Microbiota Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles in Cattle from Northwestern China.

Grazing is a free-range farming model commonly practiced in low-external-input agricultural systems. The widespread use of veterinary antibiotics in livestock farming has led to significant environmental accumulation of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing global health risks. This study investigated the antibiotic residues, bacterial community, ARG profiles, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in cattle feces from three provinces in western China (Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia) under grazing modes.

Advances in the combination of immunoadjuvants and tumor ablation: Mediating immune effects to enhance anti-tumor efficacy.

Percutaneous tumor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for tumors. The release of tumor neoantigens after ablation not only remodels the local tumor microenvironment, but also achieves abscopal effects by mediating local and systemic immune effects. However, studies have shown that a single ablation technique is not sufficient to achieve the desired anti-tumor immune effect.

Complications of transarterial radioembolization in hepatic malignancies: Pathophysiological insights and management paradigms.

Hepatic malignancies remain among the most prevalent and lethal oncologic entities worldwide, characterized by aggressive biological behavior and dismal prognosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) represent the predominant hepatic neoplasms, for which conventional therapies demonstrate limited efficacy in unresectable advanced-stage disease. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE), alternatively termed selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) using yttrium-90 (Y) labeled microspheres, has emerged as an innovative hybrid modality integrating interventional radiology with intratumoral radiotherapy.

Regulating Ag-Cu synergy effect Cu doping numbers to boost CO electroreduction on Ag nanoclusters.

Using atomically precise Ag(SPhF)(P(Ph--OMe)) nanoclusters as a well-defined platform, we systematically tune the number of Cu dopants to unravel Ag-Cu synergistic effects in electrocatalytic CO reduction. A catalyst containing, on average, two Cu atoms per cluster (AgCu) delivers a CH faradaic efficiency of 17.1% at -1.

Programmable Bacterial Architects Crafting Sonosensitizers for Tumor-Specific Sonodynamic Immunotherapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a non-invasive cancer treatment that uses ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers for selective tumor ablation. With its superior tissue penetration compared to photodynamic therapy, SDT demonstrates the potential to stimulate antitumor immune responses by modulating the tumor microenvironment. However, its clinical application remains limited by poor tumor specificity and suboptimal sonosensitizer accumulation, which reduces efficacy and causes off-target effects.

ortho-C─H Alkylation of Aryl Chlorides by a Catellani Strategy.

Herein we report a general and practical palladium/norbornene catalysis system that effectively promotes difunctionalization of less reactive aryl chlorides. The key to success lies in the use of a particular norbornene (NBE) derivative as a powerful mediator that synergistically cooperates with the palladium catalyst and an electron-rich phosphine ligand. A broad spectrum of electronically diverse aryl chlorides (57 examples) delivered the corresponding ortho-C─H alkylation/ipso-olefination products in moderate to good yields.

[Evaluation of the effect of chair side CAD/CAM all ceramic crowns for restoration of posterior tooth defects].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of chair side computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crown restoration technique in the treatment of posterior tooth defects and its influence on chewing ability.

Methods: A total of 98 patients with posterior dental defects treated from June 2023 to May 2024 were selected and divided into control group (traditional silicone rubber impression crown repair) and experimental group (chair side CAD/CAM crown repair) according to different treatment methods. The repair effect, masticatory efficiency and bite force before and after treatment, periodontal index, complication rate and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.

Impact of free valence electron contraction on the optical and electrocatalytic properties of nanoclusters: based on MAg (M = Pt/Pd) series nanoclusters.

Exploring the structure-property relationship of metal nanoclusters is essential, as understanding the underlying mechanisms provides valuable theoretical guidance for designing nanoclusters with enhanced performance. This study investigates PtAg(PhS)((-OMePh)P) (Pt1Ag14) and PdAg(PhS)((-OMePh)P) (Pd1Ag14) nanoclusters, focusing on their photoluminescence intensity and electrocatalytic properties. Variations in the core metal atoms lead to significant differences in their characteristics.

Atomic-Level Elucidation of Lattice-Hydrogens in Copper Catalysts for Selective CO Electrochemical Conversion toward C Products.

Copper is the most efficient and practical electrocatalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ECR) to give multicarbon (C) products, but the mechanism by which such products are formed - though known to involve lattice-hydrogens - remains elusive, and the selectivity of the reaction is poor. Herein, we report the synthesis of [AuCu(dppp)H], a copper hydride nanocluster bearing exposed CuH units in specific surface cavities, and our use of it to study the mechansim and selectivity of the reduction of CO to C products. Results of in situ infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations showed that these CuH units can effectively lower the energy barrier to the formation of the *COCOH intermediate, which allowed the competition between the C and C pathways to be elucidated.

NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-guided Photothermal Activated Pyroptosis For Precision Therapy Of Glioma.

The resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy, driving the exploration of alternative cell death pathways such as pyroptosis, known for its rapid and potent effects. While initial efforts focused on chemotherapy-induced pyroptosis, concerns about systemic inflammation highlight the need for precise activation strategies. Photothermal therapy emerges as a promising non-invasive technique, minimizing pyroptosis-related side effects by targeting tumors spatially and temporally.

A H2S-activated NIR-II imaging probe for precise diagnosis and pathological evaluation of colorectal tumor.

The quick and accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for improving the treatment efficacy and patient survival, which nevertheless remains challenging due to low specificity and sensitivity of current CRC diagnostic approaches. Therefore, providing a robust solution for real-time and accurate tumor delineation is highly desirable. We report a novel polyacrylic acid-mediated strategy to develop the endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS)-activated NIR-II probe DCNP@PB for specific visualization of CRC and image-guided tumor surgery.

An engineered α1β1 integrin-mediated FcγRI signaling component to control enhanced CAR macrophage activation and phagocytosis.

Treatment of solid tumors remains difficult, and therefore there has been increased focus on chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) to challenge solid tumors. However, CAR domain design of of adoptive cell therapy, which leads to differences in antitumor activity and triggered antitumor potential, remains poorly understood for macrophages. We developed an α1β1 integrin-mediated Fc-gamma receptor I (FcγRI) signaling component for CAR-M specific activation and its antitumor potential.

Proton nanomodulators for enhanced Mn-mediated chemodynamic therapy of tumors via HCO regulation.

Background: Mn-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic modality that relies heavily on HCO level in the system. Although the physiological buffers (HCO/HCO) provide certain amounts of HCO, the acidity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) would seriously affect the HCO ionic equilibrium (HCO ⇌ H + HCO). As a result, HCO level in the tumor region is actually insufficient to support effective Mn-mediated CDT.

Injectable Autocatalytic Hydrogel Triggers Pyroptosis to Stimulate Anticancer Immune Response for Preventing Postoperative Tumor Recurrence.

Modulating immunosuppression while eliminating residual microscopic tumors is critical for inhibiting the postoperative recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although immunotherapy has shown potential in achieving this goal, due to multiple immunosuppression and poor immunogenicity of apoptosis, a satisfactory anti-recurrence effect still faces the challenge. Herein, an injectable hydrogel-encapsulated autocatalytic copper peroxide (CP@Gel) therapeutic platform is designed and combine it with the clinical-grade DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) to effectively inhibit TNBC growth and postoperative recurrence via pyroptosis, killing residual cancer cells that bypass apoptosis resistance while also improving immunogenicity and modulating immunosuppression to achieve an intense anti-tumor immune response.

Characterization of Siderophores Produced by YL2021 and Its Application in Controlling Rice Sheath Blight and Rice Blast.

YL2021 has extensive antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens, and its genome harbors a catechol-type siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster. Here, we describe the characterization of siderophores produced by strain YL2021 and its antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. A few types of siderophores were detected by chrome azurol S plates coupled with Arnow's test, purified, and identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Real-time detection and resection of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer through a rare earth nanoprobe based NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a commonly employed procedure for the routine assessment of axillary involvement in patients with breast cancer. Nevertheless, conventional SLN mapping cannot reliably distinguish the presence and absence of metastatic disease. Additionally, the complex anatomical structures and lymphatic drainage patterns surrounding tumor sites pose challenges to the sensitivity of the near-infrared fluorescence imaging with subcutaneously injected probes.

A novel relative-equilibrium graphical plot for rapid reversible tracer studies in dynamic PET imaging.

This study aims to address the issue of long scan durations required by traditional graphical analysis methods, such as the Logan plot and its variant, the reversible equilibrium (RE) Logan plot, for dynamic PET imaging of tracer kinetics.We propose a relative RE Logan model that builds on the principles of the Logan plot and its variant to significantly reduce scan time without compromising the accuracy of tracer kinetics analysis. The model is supported by theoretical evidence and experimental validations, including two computer simulations and one clinical data analysis.

Light-Activated In Situ Vaccine with Enhanced Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Infiltration and Function for Potent Cancer Immunotherapy.

In situ cancer vaccination is an attractive strategy that stimulates protective antitumor immunity. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are major mediators of the adaptive immune defenses, with critical roles in antitumor immune response and establishing immune memory, and are consequently extremely important for in situ vaccines to generate systemic and lasting antitumor efficacy. However, the dense extracellular matrix and hypoxia in solid tumors severely impede the infiltration and function of CTLs, ultimately compromising the efficacy of in situ cancer vaccines.

A Dual-Cascade Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Precise Intraoperative Imaging of Tumor.

Accurate intraoperative tumor delineation is critical to achieving successful surgical outcomes. However, conventional techniques typically suffer from poor specificity and low sensitivity and are time-consuming, which greatly affects intraoperative decision-making. Here, we report a cascade activatable near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe IR780SS@CaP that can sequentially respond to tumor acidity and elevated glutathione levels for accurate intraoperative tumor localization.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyridazinone-Containing Derivatives As Novel Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibitor.

Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO, E.C. 1.

Ligand-controlled exposure of active sites on the PdAg nanocluster surface to boost electrocatalytic CO reduction.

Advancing catalyst design requires meticulous control of nanocatalyst selectivity at the atomic level. Here, we synthesized two PdAg nanoclusters: PdAg(PPh)(SPh(CF)) and PdAg(P(Ph--OMe))(SPh), each with well-defined structures. Notably, in PdAg(P(Ph--OMe))(SPh), the detachment of a phosphine ligand from the top silver atom facilitates the exposure of singular active sites.

The Uptake and Distribution Evidence of Nano- and Microplastics after a Single High Dose of Oral Exposure.

Objective: Tissue uptake and distribution of nano-/microplastics was studied at a single high dose by gavage .

Methods: Fluorescent microspheres (100 nm, 3 μm, and 10 μm) were given once at a dose of 200 mg/(kg∙body weight). The fluorescence intensity (FI) in observed organs was measured using the IVIS Spectrum at 0.