Genome-Wide Identification and Drought Stress-Responsive Expression Profiling of the FAD Gene Family in Pear.

Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and participates in key physiological processes such as plant growth and development, fruit ripening, and stress responses by regulating membrane lipid composition. Using pear genome data, this study systematically identified gene family members through bioinformatic analysis and characterized their drought-responsive expression patterns. Results revealed that 34 FAD family members were identified in pear, unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes and classified into six subfamilies.

Sorption and Utilization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic fluorinated organic compounds linked to severe health issues, highlighting the urgent need for environmentally sustainable remediation strategies. Here, an integrated PFAS sorption and utilization strategy for remediation is reported through incorporating into rechargeable aqueous zinc battery systems at room temperature. As a representative PFAS compound, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is successfully sorbed on zinc surface via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, with over 98% removal efficiency, and partially defluorinated into zinc fluoride after 24 h, enabling their application as an anode protective layer for improved battery performance.

The Rise of Green Solvents: Application and Efficiency of Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Flavonoids.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) provide a sustainable and effective way to extract flavonoids from herbal medicines, which are known for their notable antioxidant effects. Traditional extraction approaches are often costly and utilize harmful solvents. This review summarizes the fundamental concepts, preparation methods, and key factors that affect the safe and effective use of DESs for extracting flavonoids.

Comparative analysis of convolutional neural networks and transformer architectures for breast cancer histopathological image classification.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy in women globally, representing 11.7% of all new cancer cases (2.3 million annually) and causing approximately 685,000 deaths in 2020 (GLOBOCAN 2020).

Unveiling the Differential Impacts of S-nZVI and nZVI on Microbial Dechlorination of Trichloroethene by .

Sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) is a promising material for the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in groundwater, offering enhanced reactivity and selectivity over unmodified nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI). However, integrating S-nZVI with bioremediation using organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) poses potential cytotoxicity challenges. This study investigated the differential impacts of S-nZVI and nZVI on the dechlorination activity of strain 195 ( 195), a representative OHRB.

A Biomimetic Nanomedicine for Remodeling the Immune Microenvironment to Potentiating Anti-Tumor Therapy.

Systemic therapeutic modalities that possess the capability to activate immune response represent efficacious strategy for managing advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the therapeutic efficacy is substantially constrained by the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) engendered by hypoxia and lactate accumulation in the tumor region. Here, an efficient therapeutic strategy based on a biomimetic nanomedicine is established to remodel TIME and stimulate immune activation for HCC treatment.

Screening Anionic Groups Within Zwitterionic Additives for Eliminating Hydrogen Evolution and Dendrites in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits. However, the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood. Herein, three zwitterions, namely carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs.

Eugenol-based meroterpenoids with neural differentiation activity from Eugenia caryophyllata.

Phytochemical investigation of Eugenia caryophyllata buds led to the discovery of nine previously undescribed eugenol-based meroterpenoids, named eugenianols A-I (1-9). Among them, compound 1 is the first reported meroterpenoid featuring a eugenol moiety fused with a sesquiterpenoid unit via two C-C bonds, forming an unprecedented tricyclo[9.4.

Exploring the frontiers of X@MXene nanozymes: Synthesis, enhanced catalytic mechanism, and application in biomedical sensors.

Biosensing technologies are facing increasingly urgent demands for highly sensitive and selective sensors. MXene, as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, has emerged as an ideal candidate for sensors due to its ultrahigh conductivity and tunable surface functional groups. However, unmodified MXene lacks catalytic activity and specificity, limiting its applications.

New insights on metabolic reprogramming in macrophage plasticity.

Macrophages are the first line of defense in the innate immune system. Macrophages have two subtypes: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), with different phenotypes and functions. They play a critical role in defending against pathogens and maintaining internal homeostasis.

Enhancing bioavailability and functionality of plant peptides and proteins: A review of novel strategies for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Plant-derived peptides and proteins are emerging as versatile bioactive ingredients in functional food and pharmaceutical sectors due to their diverse health benefits. However, their practical applications are often limited by poor bioavailability and functional instability. This review evaluates key determinants of plant peptide/protein bioactivity, including physicochemical properties, anti-nutritional components, food matrix interactions, and gastrointestinal digestion conditions.

Taohong Siwu Decoction Combined With the LncRNA H19/miR-675-5p Axis Repairs Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through the Regulation of the Wnt3a/Ca Signaling Pathway.

Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWT) has shown therapeutic effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study tended to investigate the role of THSWT combined with the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) H19 (H19)/miR-675-5p axis in improving limb IRI (LIRI). Hind LIRI rats and simulated IRI skeletal myoblasts models were constructed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of THSWT.

Gelling and reducing agents are potential carbon and energy sources in culturing of anaerobic microorganisms.

Unlabelled: The majority of microorganisms in the environment have yet to be isolated in pure cultures, and the reasons behind this phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the possibility of the commonly used gelling agent including agar and gellan gum as a source of carbon and energy in anaerobic roll-tube cultivation from one mangrove sediment sample and two high-temperature oilfield samples. Based on growth tests and genomic evidence, anaerobic gellan degraders were retrieved from genera of , , and lineages from the rarely cultivated phylum Atribacterota.

Cold Plasma as a Novel Pretreatment to Improve the Drying Kinetics and Quality of Green Peas.

Green peas, with their high moisture content, require effective drying techniques to extend shelf life while preserving quality. Traditional drying methods face challenges due to the dense structure of the seed coat and wax layer, which limits moisture migration. This study investigates cold plasma (CP) pretreatment as a novel approach to enhance drying kinetics and maintain the quality attributes of green peas.

Medical mistrust in racial minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Attitudes, actions and mental health outcomes.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that minority groups had a higher level of medical mistrust than non-minority groups, and minority communities were criticized for noncompliance with the public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores racial minorities' attitudes and actual behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic public health guidelines. A total of 221 adults responded to an online survey (mean age = 41.

Decoupling actin assembly from microtubule disassembly by TBC1D3C-mediated direct GEF-H1 activation.

Actin and microtubules are essential cytoskeletal components and coordinate their dynamics through multiple coupling and decoupling mechanisms. However, how actin and microtubule dynamics are decoupled remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified TBC1D3C as a new regulator that can decouple actin filament assembly from microtubule disassembly.

Injectable Autocatalytic Hydrogel Triggers Pyroptosis to Stimulate Anticancer Immune Response for Preventing Postoperative Tumor Recurrence.

Modulating immunosuppression while eliminating residual microscopic tumors is critical for inhibiting the postoperative recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although immunotherapy has shown potential in achieving this goal, due to multiple immunosuppression and poor immunogenicity of apoptosis, a satisfactory anti-recurrence effect still faces the challenge. Herein, an injectable hydrogel-encapsulated autocatalytic copper peroxide (CP@Gel) therapeutic platform is designed and combine it with the clinical-grade DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) to effectively inhibit TNBC growth and postoperative recurrence via pyroptosis, killing residual cancer cells that bypass apoptosis resistance while also improving immunogenicity and modulating immunosuppression to achieve an intense anti-tumor immune response.

The prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Compassion fatigue is common among nurses and can lead to decreased motivation, impaired physical and mental health, and turnover. Nursing interns often face environments the same as professional nurses, yet their compassion fatigue has received less attention. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue among nursing interns.

Fluoropolymer sorbent for efficient and selective capturing of per- and polyfluorinated compounds.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained widespread attention due to their adverse effects on health and environment. Developing efficient technology to capture PFAS from contaminated sources remains a great challenge. In this study, we introduce a type of reusable polymeric sorbent (PFPE-IEX + ) for rapid, efficient, and selective removal of multiple PFAS impurities from various contaminated water sources.

Enhancing lower limb and core muscle activation with blood flow restriction training: a randomized crossover study on high-intensity squat exercises.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of high-intensity deep squat training integrated with various blood flow restriction (BFR) modalities on the activation of lower limb and core muscles.

Methods: A randomized, self-controlled crossover experimental design was employed with 12 participants. The exercise protocol consisted of squat training at 75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), performed in 3 sets of 8 repetitions with a 2-min inter-set rest period.