Whole genome sequencing and annotations of Trametes sanguinea ZHSJ.

Trametes sanguinea belongs to the polyporaceae family and its fruiting body possesses several benefits. In the current study, Trametes sanguinea ZHSJ (T. sanguinea ZHSJ) isolated from the chestnut tree wood was studied for its whole genome sequence and transcriptome sequence with their annotations.

Molecular immune responses of male locusts Locusta migratoria to an Aspergillus oryzae XJ1 infection.

Background: Many fungal pathogens infect and kill host insects successfully through the suppression of host immune systems, making them potential biological control agents. Aspergillus oryzae is a new fungal pathogen of locust Locusta migratoria, which is an important insect pest worldwide; consequently, information on the molecular mechanisms that it uses to suppress the host's immune system is limited. Here, transcriptomic analyses of male locusts during an A.

Comparative analysis of -glucan, phenolic compounds, and targeted metabolomics in whole-grain highland barley varieties: Effects of cooking-induced changes.

This study examines the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of highland barley varieties with white, blue, and black seed coat colors, focusing on the effects of cooking methods on black barley. Among the varieties, black barley, particularly Xiongzhang type, showed high concentrations of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolics, all of which are associated with enhanced antioxidant activities. Metabolomic profiling revealed significant biochemical diversity across the barley samples closely linked to seed coat color.

From precision synthesis to cross-industry applications: The future of emerging peptide technologies.

Peptides, derived primarily from natural bioactive sources, play essential roles in human physiological processes such as hormone regulation and nerve signal transmission. Recent advances in phage display technology have revolutionized peptide screening, enabling the rapid and efficient identification of billions of peptide within a single day. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has further accelerated peptide discovery, allowing for the swift identification of bioactive sequences and structural optimization to enhance their stability, efficacy, and target specificity.

New synthetic approaches for the construction of 2-aminophenoxazinone architectures.

Elaborated molecular architectures, specifically those containing a 2-aminophenoxazinone scaffold, belong to one of the most ubiquitous and prominent classes of heterocyclic frameworks, going from natural products to biologically active pharmaceutical molecules and from agrochemicals to functional materials and polymers. Therefore, efficient synthetic strategies for the assembly of 2-aminophenoxazinone frameworks are always in demand and have gained attention in academic and industrial communities. Methodologies that involve cascade reactions generally catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as iron, cobalt, manganese, copper, and zinc complexes, have stood out as a representative approach.

Alginate oligosaccharides trigger multiple defense responses in tobacco and induce resistance to .

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), important plant immunity inducers, are widely used in agriculture because of their important role in the biological control of crop diseases. However, the mechanism by which AOSs induce plant resistance to pathogens is not clear. Here, we report AOS with a degree of polymerization of 2-5, which was obtained by a newly reported enzyme Aly2.

A bifunctional endolytic alginate lyase with two different lyase catalytic domains from sp. H204.

Alginate lyases can fully degrade alginate into various size-defined unsaturated oligosaccharide products by -elimination. Here, we identified the bifunctional endolytic alginate lyase Aly35 from the marine bacterium sp. Strain H204.

Structural characteristics and intestinal flora metabolism mediated immunoregulatory effects of Lactarius deliciosus polysaccharide.

Lactarius deliciosus, a widely appreciated mushroom with delightful tastes and texture, has exhibited immunomodulatory activity in vitro, while the effects on intestinal flora metabolisms in vivo are ambiguous. In this study, a L. deliciosus polysaccharide (LDP) was extracted and purified, and the structural characteristics were evaluated, as well as the immunological enhancement on tumor-bearing mice through regulating intestinal flora metabolisms.

Development of Glycosylation-Modified PPA-1 Compounds as Innovative PD-1/PD-L1 Blockers: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation.

In the context of peptide drug development, glycosylation plays a pivotal role. Accordingly, L-type peptides were synthesized predicated upon the PD-1/PD-L1 blocker PPA-1. Subsequent glycosylation resulted in the production of two distinct glycopeptides, D-glu-PPA-1 and D-gal-PPA-1, by using D-glucose (D-glu) and D-galactose (D-gal), respectively, during glycosylation.

Decoding the enhanced antioxidant activities of the combined small berry pomaces by widely targeted metabolomics analysis.

Small berry pomaces (SBPs) are poorly utilized as an inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the impact of compounding treatment on nutritional and antioxidant characteristics of combined SBPs, in comparison with single SBP. The results showed that the amounts of protein, minerals, dietary fiber (DF) and anthocyanidins were significantly () higher in combined SBPs than in combined fruits.

Antimicrobial activity and enzymatic analysis of endophytes isolated from Codonopsis pilosula.

The roots of the medicinal plant Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf (C. pilosula) possess most medicinal supplements.

Selenium-Modified Chitosan Induces HepG2 Cell Apoptosis and Differential Protein Analysis.

Introduction: Chitosan is the product of the natural polysaccharide chitin removing part of the acetyl group, and exhibits various physiological and bioactive functions. Selenium modification has been proved to further enhance the chitosan bioactivities, and has been a hot topic recently.

Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory mechanism of selenium-modified chitosan (SMC) on HepG2 cells through MTT assays, morphological observation, annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, mitochondrial membrane potential determination, cell-cycle detection, Western blotting, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).

Extraction, Structure and Immunoregulatory Activity of Low Molecular Weight Polysaccharide from .

The ethanol precipitation method has been widely-used for polysaccharides preparation. However, the alcohol-soluble fractions have always been ignored, which causes significant wastes of resources and energies. In this study, the extraction, physicochemical properties, and immune regulation activity of an edible polysaccharide (DOPs) isolated from the supernatant after 75% ethanol precipitation were systematically investigated.

Discovery of a novel nucleoside immune signaling molecule 2'-deoxyguanosine in microbes and plants.

Introduction: Beneficial microorganisms play essential roles in plant growth and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by releasing signaling molecules. Our previous study obtained the crude extract from beneficial endophyte Paecilomyces variotii, termed ZNC (ZhiNengCong), which significantly enhanced plant resistance to pathogen even at 100 ng/ml. However, the immunoreactive components of ZNC remain unclear.

A Technical System for the Large-Scale Application of Metabolites From SJ1 in Agriculture.

Compared with endophytes, metabolites from endophytes (MEs) have great potential in agriculture. However, a technique for industrializing the production of MEs is still scarce. Moreover, the establishment of effective methods for evaluating the quality of MEs is hampered by the fact that some compounds with beneficial effects on crops have not been clearly identified.

A novel chondroitin sulfate E from Dosidicus gigas cartilage and its antitumor metastatic activity.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains containing GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit) have been shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, commercial E unit-rich CS (CS-E) is difficult to produce on a large scale due to expensive and limited squid cartilage resources. In this study, a novel CS-E (CS-nE) was isolated from the cheap and abundant cartilage of the giant squid Dosidicus gigas.

Ultrahigh-activity immune inducer from Endophytic Fungi induces tobacco resistance to virus by SA pathway and RNA silencing.

Background: Plant viruses cause severe economic losses in agricultural production. An ultrahigh activity plant immune inducer (i.e.

A Novel Bifunctional Endolytic Alginate Lyase with Variable Alginate-Degrading Modes and Versatile Monosaccharide-Producing Properties.

Endo-type alginate lyases usually degrade alginate completely into various size-defined unsaturated oligosaccharide products (≥disaccharides), while exoenzymes primarily produce monosaccharide products including saturated mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G) units and particularly unsaturated Δ units. Recently, two bifunctional alginate lyases have been identified as endolytic but M- and G-producing with variable action modes. However, endolytic Δ-producing alginate lyases remain undiscovered.

A chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid lyase with poor activity to glucuronyl 4,6--disulfated -acetylgalactosamine (E-type)-containing structures.

GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S,6S) (E unit)-rich domains have been shown to play key roles in various biological functions of chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, an enzyme that can specifically isolate such domains through the selective digestion of other domains in polysaccharides has not yet been reported. Here, we identified a glycosaminoglycan lyase from a marine bacterium sp.

Identification and functional analysis of phosphorylation residues of the Arabidopsis BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1.

Arabidopsis BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) is a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase acting early in multiple signaling pathways important for plant growth and innate immunity. It is known to form a signaling complex with a cell-surface receptor FLS2 and a co-receptor kinase BAK1 to transduce signals upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Although site-specific phosphorylation is speculated to mediate the activation and function of BIK1, few studies have been devoted to complete profiling of BIK1 phosphorylation residues.