Brain Structure Deviations in Patients with Parkinson Disease without Dementia Using Normative Modeling.

Background And Purpose: Cortical alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) without dementia remain inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the cortical alterations of PD without dementia and the relationships between cortical alterations and both motor and nonmotor symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Individualized centile scores for brain structure in 225 patients with PD without dementia were derived from life span brain charts from the Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium and adjusted using a local sample of 451 healthy controls (HC).

Optimal Stimulation Sites and Connectomes for GPi and STN-DBS in Cervical Dystonia.

Aims: To map optimal stimulation targets (sweet spots) and neural networks for globus pallidus internus (GPi)- and subthalamic nucleus (STN)-deep brain stimulation (DBS) in cervical dystonia (CD), and compare their structural/functional connectivity profiles and predictive validity for clinical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 76 stimulation settings from 38 CD patients across four centers. Volume of tissue activated was reconstructed; connectivity-based sweet spots were identified.

Deep brain stimulation surgical timing, outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with Parkinson's disease: A Chinese retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly introduced for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there has been extensive controversy regarding its surgical timing. This study aimed to evaluate surgical outcomes of DBS across different PD durations and identify key prognostic factors.

Theta-frequency subthalamic stimulation enhances conflict resolution in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait through frontal cortex modulation.

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating motor symptom linked to executive dysfunction, particularly impaired conflict resolution. However, the underlying neural mechanisms and optimal treatment remain unclear. We assessed conflict resolution using a modified Flanker task in 90 PD patients (52 with FOG) and 37 healthy controls.

No change in interictal plasma and salivary CGRP levels in individuals with vestibular migraine corresponding to episodic migraine.

BackgroundFew studies have examined plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in individuals with vestibular migraine (VM), with inconsistent findings. Additionally, salivary CGRP levels in VM have not been reported.MethodsInterictal plasma and salivary CGRP levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in participants with VM corresponding to episodic migraine (VM, n = 81), chronic migraine without vestibular symptoms (CM, n = 73) and healthy controls (HC, n = 59).

Intelligent Microneedles Patch with Wireless Self-Sensing and Anti-Infective Actions.

Traditional microneedle (MN) technology offers unique advantages in treating wound infections; however, its single-function design lacks the capability for real-time monitoring of wound conditions, often resulting in uncontrolled drug release. Herein, an anti-infective and intelligent MN patch (SP-CSMN) integrating three functional modules is developed, including temperature monitoring, Bluetooth wireless communication, and responsive drug release. The patch employed chitosan (CS) as a porous substrate, filled with temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to encapsulate and release the antibiotic rifampicin.

Comparison of children and adults in deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: a large-scale multicenter study of 102 cases with long-term follow-up.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). However, its long-term efficacy, safety, and recommended surgical age remain controversial, requiring evidence to compare different age categories.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study recruited 102 GTS patients who underwent DBS between October 2006 and April 2022 at two national centers.

PARP1 inhibition prevents oxidative stress in age-related hearing loss via PAR-Ca-AIF axis in cochlear strial marginal cells.

Studies have highlighted oxidative damage in the inner ear as a critical pathological basis for sensorineural hearing loss, especially the presbycusis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation responds to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage with pro-repair and pro-death effects resembling two sides of the same coin. PARP1-related cell death, known as parthanatos, whose underlying mechanisms are attractive research hotspots but remain to be clarified.

Contribution of basal ganglia activity to REM sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is one of the most common sleep problems and represents a key prodromal marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether and how basal ganglia nuclei, structures that are directly involved in the pathology of PD, are implicated in the occurrence of RBD.

Method: Here, in parallel with whole-night video polysomnography, we recorded local field potentials from two major basal ganglia structures, the globus pallidus internus and subthalamic nucleus, in two cohorts of patients with PD who had varied severity of RBD.

Spinal cord and brain atrophy patterns in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis.

Background: Spinal cord and brain atrophy are common in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) but harbor distinct patterns accounting for disability and cognitive impairment.

Methods: This study included 209 NMOSD and 304 RRMS patients and 436 healthy controls. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to parse differences in spinal cord and brain atrophy at subject level into distinct patterns based on structural MRI.

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for primary Meige syndrome: clinical outcomes and predictive factors.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has demonstrated efficacy against multiple types of dystonia, but only a few case reports and small-sample studies have investigated the clinical utility of STN-DBS for Meige syndrome, a rare but distressing form of craniofacial dystonia. Furthermore, the effects of DBS on critical neuropsychological sequelae, such as depression and anxiety, are rarely examined. In this study, the authors investigated the therapeutic efficacy of STN-DBS for both motor and psychiatric symptoms of Meige syndrome.

Advances in Understanding the Notch Signaling Pathway in the Cochlea.

The cochlear structure is highly complex and specific, and its development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Abnormalities in cochlear development can lead to different degrees of loss of function. Hair cells (HCs), which are difficult to regenerate in the mature mammalian cochlea, are susceptible to damage from noise and ototoxic drugs, and damage to HCs can cause hearing loss to varying degrees.

Focalizing regions of biomarker relevance facilitates biomarker prediction on histopathological images.

Image-based AI has thrived as a potentially revolutionary tool for predicting molecular biomarker statuses, which aids in categorizing patients for appropriate medical treatments. However, many methods using hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) whole-slide images (WSIs) have been found to be inefficient because of the presence of numerous uninformative or irrelevant image patches. In this study, we introduced the region of biomarker relevance (ROB) concept to identify the morphological areas most closely associated with biomarkers for accurate status prediction.

A genome-wide transposon mutagenesis screening identifies LppB as a key factor associated with Mycoplasma bovis colonization and invasion into host cells.

Mycoplasma spp., the smallest self-replicating and genome-reduced organisms, have raised a great concern in both the medical and veterinary fields due to their pathogenicity. The molecular determinants of these wall-less bacterium efficiently use their limited genes to ensure successful infection of the host remain unclear.

Utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and their influential factors of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study from 1997 to 2021.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging and effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about its utilization, surgical populations, centers, coverages, regional balance, and influential factors.

Materials And Methods: This large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using a national census involving 74 Chinese centers.

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation attenuates motor seizures via modulating the nigral orexin pathway.

Background: Focal motor seizures that originate in the motor region are a considerable challenge because of the high risk of permanent motor deficits after resection. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a potential treatment for motor epilepsy that may enhance the antiepileptic actions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Orexin and its receptors have a relationship with both STN-DBS and epilepsy.

Fronto-parieto-subthalamic activity decodes motor status in Parkinson's disease.

Aims: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have various motor difficulties, including standing up, gait initiation and freezing of gait. These abnormalities are associated with cortico-subthalamic dysfunction. We aimed to reveal the characteristics of cortico-subthalamic activity in PD patients during different motor statuses.