Abnormal resting-state effective connectivity of triple network predicts smoking motivations among males.

Background: The causal or direct connectivity alterations of triple network including salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN) in tobacco use disorder (TUD) and the neurobiological features associated with smoking motivation are still unclear, which hampered the development of a targeted intervention for TUD.

Method: We recruited 93 male smokers and 55 male non-smokers and obtained their resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and smoking-related clinical scales. We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to rs-fMRI to characterize changes of effective connectivity (EC) among seven major hubs from triple networks in TUD.

Abnormal intrahemispheric and interhemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density in male alcohol use disorder.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal static intrahemispheric and interhemispheric functional connectivity between different brain regions in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, brain activity is highly dynamic.

Methods: To address this, we analyzed the dynamic changes in intrahemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity patterns from 55 AUD patients and 32 healthy controls.

Network Localization of Functional Brain Changes Associated With Ketamine's Therapeutic Effects in Depression.

Background: Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the functional pathways that underlie the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, their findings have been inconsistent, limiting our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to delineate a specific brain circuit by integrating diverse functional findings related to ketamine's efficacy in depression. We conducted a systematic review of multimodal neuroimaging studies that reported brain locations associated with ketamine's effects on depression.

Brain structural and functional impairment network localization in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Numerous neuroimaging studies investigating the neural substrates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have yielded inconsistent findings, and growing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are more accurately localized to brain networks rather than discrete brain regions. We sought to identify brain network localization in OCD.

Methods: We initially examined brain locations of structural and functional alterations among patients with OCD and healthy controls using neuroimaging studies.

Defense Responses Stimulated by Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 Through Salicylate- and Jasmonate-Dependent Signaling Pathways Protect Cotton Against Verticillium Wilt.

NCD-2 demonstrates exceptional biocontrol potential against cotton Verticillium wilt. While previous studies have established its direct antifungal activity (e.g.

Integrative gray matter volume and molecular analyses of altered intrinsic neural timescale in internet gaming disorder.

Background: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) frequently features abnormalities in emotional and cognitive processing, for which the specific neurobiological mechanisms are not known. The intrinsic neural timescale (INT) gradient reflects how long neural information is stored in a specialized brain region and represents its function. Therefore, we investigated whether IGD exhibited altered INT and accompanying gray matter volume (GMV) and underlying molecular architectural abnormalities.

Common neuroanatomical differential factors underlying heterogeneous gray matter volume variations in five common psychiatric disorders.

Multifaceted evidence has shown that psychiatric disorders share common neurobiological mechanisms. However, the tremendous inter-individual heterogeneity among patients with psychiatric disorders limits trans-diagnostic studies with case-control designs, aimed at identifying clinically promising neuroimaging biomarkers. This study aims to identify neuroanatomical differential factors (ND factors) underlying gray matter volume variations in five psychiatric disorders.

Individualized gray matter morphological abnormalities unveil two neuroanatomical obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with notable variations among cases in structural brain abnormalities. To address this heterogeneity, our study aimed to delineate OCD subtypes based on individualized gray matter morphological differences. We recruited 100 untreated, first-episode OCD patients and 106 healthy controls for structural imaging scans.

Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study.

Recent studies have showed aberrant connectivity of cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) in schizophrenia (SCZ), which might be a heritable trait. However, these individual studies vary greatly in their methods and findings, and important areas within CTCC and related genetic mechanism are unclear. We searched for consistent regions of circuit dysfunction using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) meta-analysis, followed by meta-regression and functional annotation analysis.

Shared differential factors underlying individual spontaneous neural activity abnormalities in major depressive disorder.

Background: In contemporary neuroimaging studies, it has been observed that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit aberrant spontaneous neural activity, commonly quantified through the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). However, the substantial individual heterogeneity among patients poses a challenge to reaching a unified conclusion.

Methods: To address this variability, our study adopts a novel framework to parse individualized ALFF abnormalities.

Altered intrinsic neural activity and its molecular analyses in first-episode schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations.

Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are one of the signature positive symptoms of schizophrenia, affecting a substantial portion of patients with schizophrenia. These hallucinations seriously impact the lives of patients, resulting in a substantial social burden. Recent studies have shown a significant correlation between abnormal local brain activity and the neurobiological mechanisms of AVHs.

Abnormal Granger causal connectivity based on altered gray matter volume and associated neurotransmitters of adolescents with internet gaming disorder revealed by a multimodal neuroimaging study.

Although prior studies have revealed alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) among individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD). The brain's multifaceted functions hinge crucially on the intricate connections and communication among distinct regions. However, the intricate interaction of information between brain regions with altered GMV and other regions, and how they synchronize with various neurotransmitter systems, remains enigmatic.

Mapping brain activity and neurotransmitters pre-cigarette smoking evolution: A study of male subjects.

Background: The impact of tobacco smoking on global health persists and it is essential to understand the progression of addiction and the involvement of neurotransmitters.

Methods: This study assessed 47 participants with tobacco use disorder (TUD) categorized based on changes in Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores over 6 years: progressive TUD (pTUD), regressive TUD (rTUD), and stable TUD (sTUD). Additionally, 35 healthy controls were included.

Abnormalities in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity and neurotransmitters in first-episode OCD.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling disorder in which the temporal variability of regional brain connectivity is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in static and dynamic intrinsic neural activity (INA) in first-episode OCD and whether these changes have the potential to reflect neurotransmitters.

Methods: A total of 95 first-episode OCD patients and 106 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study.

Integrative molecular and structural neuroimaging analyses of the interaction between depression and age of onset: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study.

Depression is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits progressive gray matter volume (GMV) atrophy. Research indicates that brain development is influential in depression-induced GMV alterations. However, the interaction between depression and age of onset is not well understood by the underlying molecular and neuropathological mechanisms.

Altered static and dynamic cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in acute pontine infarction.

This study investigates abnormalities in cerebellar-cerebral static and dynamic functional connectivity among patients with acute pontine infarction, examining the relationship between these connectivity changes and behavioral dysfunction. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to collect data from 45 patients within seven days post-pontine infarction and 34 normal controls. Seed-based static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses identified divergences in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity features between pontine infarction patients and normal controls.

Abnormal effective connectivity of reward network in first-episode schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations.

Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia is proved to be associated with dysfunction of mesolimbic-cortical circuits, especially during abnormal salient and internal verbal resource monitoring processing procedures. However, the information flow among areas involved in coordinated interaction implicated the pathophysiology of AVHs remains unclear.

Methods: We used spectral dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to quantify connections among eight critical hubs of reward network in 86 first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with AVHs (AVH), 93 patients without AVHs (NAVH), and 88 matched normal controls (NC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Decreased intrinsic neural timescale in treatment-naïve adolescent depression.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is mainly characterized by its core dysfunction in higher-order brain cortices involved in emotional and cognitive processes, whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. In this study, we applied a relatively new developed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) method of intrinsic neural timescale (INT), which reflects how long neural information is stored in a local brain area and reflects an ability of information integration, to investigate the local intrinsic neural dynamics using univariate and multivariate analyses in adolescent depression.

Method: Based on the rs-fMRI data of sixty-six treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD and fifty-two well-matched healthy controls (HCs), we calculated an INT by assessing the magnitude of autocorrelation of the resting-state brain activity, and then compared the difference of INT between the two groups.

Gray matter atrophy is constrained by normal structural brain network architecture in depression.

Background: There is growing evidence that gray matter atrophy is constrained by normal brain network (or connectome) architecture in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether this finding holds true in individuals with depression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gray matter atrophy and normal connectome architecture at individual level in depression.

Alteration of static and dynamic intrinsic brain activity induced by short-term spinal cord stimulation in postherpetic neuralgia patients.

Introduction: Short-term spinal cord stimulation (stSCS) is an effective treatment for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, how exactly stSCS affects time-dynamic intrinsic brain activity in PHN patients is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the static and dynamic variability of neural activity in PHN patients after stSCS.

Gray matter morphological abnormities are constrained by normal structural covariance network in OCD.

A growing body of evidences reveal that abnormal gray matter morphology is constrained by normal brain network architecture in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. However, whether this finding holds true in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gray matter morphological abnormities and normal structural covariance network architecture in OCD.

Static and dynamic changes of intrinsic brain local connectivity in internet gaming disorder.

Background: Studies have revealed that intrinsic neural activity varies over time. However, the temporal variability of brain local connectivity in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the alterations of static and dynamic intrinsic brain local connectivity in IGD and whether the changes were associated with clinical characteristics of IGD.