syn-tasiRnas targeting the coat protein of potato virus Y confer antiviral resistance in .

Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) are 21-nt phased (phased siRNAs) resulting from successive DCL-catalyzed processing from the end of a double-stranded RNA substrate originating from the RDR of an AGO-catalyzed cleaved RNA at a micro RNA target site. Plant tasiRNAs have been synthesized to produce synthetic tasiRNAs (syn-tasiRNAs) targeting viral RNAs that confer viral resistance. In this study, we engineered syn-tasiRNAs to target potato virus Y (PVY) infection by replacing five native siRNAs of TAS1c with 210-bp fragments from the coat protein (CP) region of the PVY genome.

[Effect of High-volume Straw Returning and Applying on Bacterial Community and Fertility of Desertification Soil].

This study was conducted to explore the fertilization potential of the high-volume straw returning mode in cooperation with and other functional flora on desertification soil and to analyze the changing characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus components and functional activities of flora, so as to provide a basis for efficiently improving desertification soil fertility. A randomized block experiment was conducted, setting straw not returning to field (CK) and high-volume straw returning of 6.00 kg·m (ST1), 12.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Flagellin Activity of Ba168 Antimicrobial Proteins against .

Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most common apple diseases, and it is becoming a serious threat in apple production. The strain Ba168 showed high levels of antimicrobial activity in our previous study. To analyze the antimicrobial protein of Ba168, a high-resolution LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was performed.

Biocontrol of tobacco black shank disease (Phytophthora nicotianae) by Bacillus velezensis Ba168.

Tobacco black shank (TBS) caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is destructive to almost all tobacco cultivars and is widespread in many tobacco-growing countries. Through lab study and field test, we isolated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Ba168 which is a promising biocontrol strain of TBS. Ba168 was isolated from 168 soil samples and identified as Bacillus velezensis by its genetic and phenotypic characteristics.

Inhibitory Effect of Osthole from on Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Infection in .

The coumarin compound of osthole was extracted from and identified by LC-MS and H- and C-NMR. Osthole was tested for anti-virus activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using the half-leaf method. The results showed that stronger antiviral activity on TMV infection appeared in than that of eugenol and ningnanmycin, with inhibitory, protective, and curative effects of 72.

Antifungal Effect of Magnolol and Honokiol from on Causing Tobacco Brown Spot.

In this study, two phenol compounds, magnolol and honokiol, were extracted from and identified by LC-MS, H- and C-NMR. The magnolol and honokiol were shown to be effective against seven pathogenic fungi, including (Fr.) Keissl, (Link) Thom, f.

Molecular Variability and Distribution of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Shanxi, China.

Background: Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is responsible for large-scale economic losses in the global production of sugarcane, maize, sorghum, and some other graminaceous species. To understand the evolutionary mechanism of SCMV populations, this virus was studied in Shanxi, China. A total of 86 maize leaf samples (41 samples in 2012 and 45 samples in 2013) were collected from 4 regions of Shanxi.

[Polysaccharides inhibiting cucumber mosaic virus and their influence on tobacco defensive enzyme activities].

Objective: Polysaccharides inhibiting cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on tobacco were screened and their influence on tobacco defensive enzyme activities was explored.

Method: We detected the deactivating, preventing and treating effect of 21 polysaccharides on CMV by half leaf method on Nitcotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN.

Mutasynthesis of pyrrole spiroketal compound using calcimycin 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid biosynthetic mutant.

The five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic pyrrole ring is a building block for a wide variety of natural products. Aiming at generating new pyrrole-containing derivatives as well as to identify new candidates that may be of value in designing new anticancer, antiviral, and/or antimicrobial agents, we employed a strategy on pyrrole-containing compound mutasynthesis using the pyrrole-containing calcimycin biosynthetic gene cluster. We blocked the biosynthesis of the calcimycin precursor, 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid, by deletion of calB1-3 and found that two intermediates containing the pyrrole and the spiroketal moiety were accumulated in the culture.

Characterization of the N-methyltransferase CalM involved in calcimycin biosynthesis by Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882.

Calcimycin is a rare divalent cation specific ionophore antibiotic that has many biochemical and pharmaceutical applications. We have recently cloned and sequenced the Streptomyces chartreusis calcimycin biosynthesis gene cluster as well as identified the genes required for the synthesis of the polyketide backbone of calcimycin. Additional modifying or decorating enzymes are required to convert the polyketide backbone into the biologically active calcimycin.

[Identification and primary application of TSNA degrading bacterial strain AS97 isolated from aging tobacco leaves].

Objective: The purpose of this work was to screen strains having tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) deteriorating activity, isolated from the inner and superficial of tobacco plants. Then strain AS97 was isolated and identified for further application.

Methods: Strain AS97, with the highest conversion ability against both nitrate and nitrite, was screened by enrichment and selective medium.

[Effects of climate factors on the epidemic of apple Marssonina blotch in Shaanxi Province and related prediction models].

Based on the long term (1999-2008) monitoring of air temperature and relative humidity and of the occurrence and epidemiological trend of Marssonina blotch in the main apple-production area of Shaanxi Province, this paper analyzed the occurrence time, pathogenesis regularity, and epidemiological level of Marssonina blotch, with the 1- and 3-dimensional models for predicting Marssonina blotch under effects of ten-day mean air temperature (T) and relative humidity (Hm) constructed. In study area, the development of Marssonina blotch was mainly affected by environment factors. This disease spread rapidly in field in July and August, causing orchard defoliation, and the harm persisted until September.

[Construction of conjugal transfer system of Streptomyces venezuelae var. Qinlingensis and the expression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin].

Objective: To Construct of conjugal transfer system of Streptomyces venezuelae var. Qinlingensis and express of vitreoscilla hemoglobin.

Methods: Intergeneric genetic transfer system was based upon plasmid pSET152 and pHZ1358 from Donor E.

Transiently expressed short hairpin RNA targeting 126 kDa protein of tobacco mosaic virus interferes with virus infection.

RNA interference (RNAi) silences gene expression by guiding mRNA degradation in a sequence-specific fashion. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), an intermediate of the RNAi pathway, has been shown to be very effective in inhibiting virus infection in mammalian cells and cultured plant cells. Here, we report that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) could inhibit tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA accumulation by targeting the gene encoding the replication-associated 126 kDa protein in intact plant tissue.

A viral protein suppresses siRNA-directed interference in tobacco mosaic virus infection.

Plant viruses encode suppressors of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), an adaptive defense response that limits virus replication and its spread in plants. The helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of the potato virus A (PVA, genus Potyvirus) suppresses PTGS of silenced transgenes. Here, the effect of HC-Pro on siRNA-directed interference in the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was examined by using a transient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based delivery system in intact tissues.