Optimization of biocatalytic production of sodium gluconate using a dual-enzyme system.

Sodium gluconate has a wide range of applications, including in the fields of construction, textiles, medicine, the chemical industry, and food, so the industrialized production of sodium gluconate is particularly important. However, the preparation process of sodium gluconate is not mature enough, and the production cost is high, which restricts the development of the industry. In this study, the optimization of process conditions for the catalytic production of sodium gluconate from glucose via a dual-enzyme system of glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (CAT) was investigated in detail.

Climate warming reshapes seasonal flowering but stabilizes species interactions in a Tibetan alpine grassland.

Climate warming commonly drives asymmetric shifts in flowering phenology among species, potentially disrupting plant-plant interactions and threatening ecosystem stability. However, the mechanisms driving these species-specific phenological responses, and the extent to which resulting asynchrony destabilizes interspecific interactions, remain poorly understood. Using a 3-yr in situ warming experiment in a Tibetan alpine grassland, we monitored seasonal flowering patterns of 29 species and quantified interaction potentials across 812 species pairs from their flowering-time overlap.

Construction and screening of L-valine high-yielding using an artificial screening marker.

Introduction: L-valine is commonly utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and animal feeds. The selection and breeding of high-yielding, low-cost, and genetically stable production strains have become a key objective in the L-valine production industry.

Methods: Using DB-1-1, we developed a screening marker LESG associated with intracellular L-valine levels by choosing GTC, a less common codon for L-valine, in place of all L-valine codons.

Iridium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective C7-Allylic Alkylation of 4-Aminoindoles.

The first iridium-catalyzed direct intermolecular indole C7-allylic alkylation of 4-aminoindoles and racemic branched allylic esters was reported. Various substituted substrates were applicable to give the corresponding C7-allylated products in moderate to high yields (43-80%) with high regio- and enantioselectivities (82-99% ee) under mild reaction conditions. Representative transformations of the vinyl group in the product were carried out to examine the utility of this protocol.

PSAT1 inhibits mTORC1 activation by preventing Rag heterodimer formation in lung adenocarcinoma.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates environmental cues, especially amino acids, to regulate metabolism and ultimately cancer progression. Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) is a key enzyme in de novo serine synthesis and its overexpression has been reported to promote oncogenesis in various cancers. Knockdown of PSAT1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal the mechanism of mitochondrial activity in erectile dysfunction.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a multifactorial disorder, with mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly recognized as an important contributor to its pathogenesis.

Aim: This study aimed to characterize the single-cell landscape of ED and investigate the impact of mitochondrial function on cellular heterogeneity.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on ED samples (GSE206528), screened for ED-related mitochondrial genes, evaluated mitochondrial activity using area under the curve cell scoring at the single-cell level, and conducted subclustering, cell-cell communication, pseudotime trajectory, and pathway enrichment analyses to systematically characterize key cell populations.

FTO inhibition represses B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression by inducing nucleolar stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the aberrant accumulation of malignant and immature B cells in the bone marrow. Recent reports including ours have demonstrated that RNA modifications play pivotal roles in B-ALL progression and drug resistance. In the current study, we show that fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), a demethylase of N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modifications, is highly expressed in relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-ALL patients and B-ALL cell lines.

A fuzzy sequencer for rapid DNA fragment counting and genotyping.

High-throughput sequencing technologies generate a vast number of DNA sequence reads simultaneously, which are subsequently analysed using the information contained within these fragmented reads. The assessment of sequencing technology relies on information efficiency, which measures the amount of information entropy produced per sequencing reaction cycle. Here we propose a fuzzy sequencing strategy that exhibits information efficiency more than twice that of currently prevailing cyclic reversible terminator sequencing methods.

Cloche/Npas4l is a pro-regenerative platelet factor during zebrafish heart regeneration.

Zebrafish has full capacity of heart regeneration, but little is known about how blood cells, especially platelets, are involved in this regenerative process. Here, we report that cloche/npas4l is a pro-regenerative platelet factor for heart regeneration. We found that haploinsufficiency of npas4l disrupted cardiomyocyte (CM) and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and heart regeneration after injury.

Protein post-translational modifications in serine synthetic pathway: functions and molecular mechanisms.

Serine is a non-essential amino acid, serving as a precursor for other amino acids, lipids, and nucleotide synthesis. Its supply is ensured by two main mechanisms: exogenous uptake and endogenous synthesis. The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) connects glycolysis with the one-carbon cycle and plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by regulating substance synthesis, redox homeostasis, and gene expression.

Intracellular self-assembly and metabolite analysis of key enzymes for L-lysine synthesis based on key components of cellulosomes.

Introduction: Cellulosome is a natural multi-enzyme complex in the extracellular space of anaerobic microorganisms, which has the advantages of small molecular weight, multiple binding sites, and strong designability. This study aimed to explore the influence of intracellular self-assembly complexes on L-lysine biosynthesis.

Methods: Two novel L-lysine-engineered bacteria modification strategies were designed, considering the L-lysine biosynthesis pathway using DocA-S3/Coh as an efficient intracellular assembly element: pairwise assembly of key enzymes in cells and multi-enzyme assembly based on scaffolding proteins.

Abietane diterpenoids and taraxerane-type triterpenes from .

Two abietane diterpenoids, named teuvismine A () and B (), along with two new taraxerane-type triterpenes, named teuvisoic acid A () and B () were isolated from whole plants of . The structures were elucidated by the analysis of HRESIMS spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, as well as the comparison with published data. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (HCT116, H460, HepG2, BGC823, and HeLa cells).

CCR5-mediated dynamic maintenance of resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract.

Tissue-resident memory T cells (T) play a key role in defense against pathogen invading barrier sites and other non-lymphoid tissues. How T cells are maintained in various tissues, and how they relate to antigen-experienced memory T cells in lymphoid organs are not fully understood. By barcode-based lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptome analysis, we found a distinct population of CD69CD103 virus-specific CD8 T cells in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) following intranasal influenza infection.

High-Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells with MXene-Based Interfacial Engineering.

Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) offer superior operational stability for practical applications, yet their power conversion efficiencies (PCE) lag behind those of conventional devices. This shortfall is primarily due to an excessive downshift in the electron affinity of nonfullerene acceptors, which hinders efficient charge extraction. Here, we introduce an MXene interlayer (TiCOH) to simultaneously optimize the energetic landscape at the ZnO/active layer interface and passivate ZnO surface defects.

Rare damaging variants in the sex differences of congenital heart disease: an exome sequencing study.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibits a marked male predominance in birth prevalence, yet the genetic mechanisms underlying this sex disparity remain poorly understood. This study investigates the contribution of rare damaging variants on autosomes and the X chromosome to sex differences in foetal CHD.

Methods: Parents of foetuses with CHD were recruited for the study.

Ribosomal protein L9 is a potential therapeutic target for B-ALL through the activation of the p53 signaling pathway.

B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) is a malignant hematological disorder marked by the aberrant proliferation of abnormal B lymphocytes. Although recent advancements have highlighted the pivotal role of ribosomes in the progression of B-ALL, the specific function of ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9), a key component of ribosomal structural protein, still unclear. In this study, we observed a significant upregulation of RPL9 in human B-ALL cells compared to normal B cells, suggesting RPL9's potential key role in B-ALL progression.

Study on the Microstructure and Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Corrugated Pipes by Aging and Solution Treatments.

This article focuses on the microstructural evolution and mechanical property changes of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel corrugated pipes after aging treatment and solution treatment. The influence of different heat treatment processes on the microstructural evolution, second phase precipitation behavior, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of corrugated pipes was analyzed through metallographic microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), fatigue testing, hardness testing, and corrosion resistance experiments. The results showed that after aging treatment at 600 °C, carbides precipitated at the grain boundaries and twin boundaries of the corrugated tube, leading to corrosion behavior.

Adipose-derived stem cells attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by restoring CXCR1 synovial lining macrophage barrier.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease and the integrity of CXCR1 synovial macrophage barrier significantly impacts its progression. However, the mechanisms driving the dynamic changes of this macrophage barrier remain unclear. Traditional drug therapies for RA have substantial limitations.

The SlWRKY42-SlMYC2 module synergistically enhances tomato saline-alkali tolerance by activating the jasmonic acid signaling and spermidine biosynthesis pathway.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop but frequently experiences saline-alkali stress. Our previous studies have shown that exogenous spermidine (Spd) could significantly enhance the saline-alkali resistance of tomato seedlings, in which a high concentration of Spd and jasmonic acid (JA) exerted important roles. However, the mechanism of Spd and JA accumulation remains unclear.

GZMK-expressing CD8 T cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases are often chronic and recurrent, and current treatments do not typically remove underlying disease drivers. T cells participate in a wide range of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, Crohn's disease, oesophagitis and multiple sclerosis, and clonally expanded antigen-specific T cells may contribute to disease chronicity and recurrence, in part by forming persistent pathogenic memory. Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma are inflammatory airway diseases that often present as comorbidities.

Enhancing the erythritol production of Yarrowia lipolytica by high-throughput screening based on highly sensitive artificial sensor and anchor protein cwp2.

Unlabelled: Yarrowia lipolytica is widely used for the industrial production of the natural sweetener erythritol. Despite improvements in fermentation process control and metabolic pathway regulation, bottlenecks still exist in terms of yield and screening technology. Therefore, we constructed an artificial sensor system for effective erythritol detection, established a single-cell droplet-based high-throughput screening system based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and obtained Y.

A review on medical plants based on diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications.

Natural products, owing to their chemical diversity, biological activity, and historical success, continue to be a precious source of lead compounds and potential candidates for drug discovery. , in particular, presents a promising avenue for drug discovery due to its long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and its well-established clinical applications. Diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, the characteristic metabolites of , have consistently attracted considerable attention in related scientific research because of their diverse structures and extensive range of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Stepwise Assembly of DNA Nanostructures in a Surface-Based Method.

Hierarchical assembly of DNA nanostructures has already led to superstructures of ever-increasing level of complexity. Processing control in building nanostructures hierarchically is desirable but remains underexplored. Here, we present the stepwise assembly of DNA origami nanostructures by a surface-based method.