Protein post-translational modifications in serine synthetic pathway: functions and molecular mechanisms.

Serine is a non-essential amino acid, serving as a precursor for other amino acids, lipids, and nucleotide synthesis. Its supply is ensured by two main mechanisms: exogenous uptake and endogenous synthesis. The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) connects glycolysis with the one-carbon cycle and plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by regulating substance synthesis, redox homeostasis, and gene expression.