Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study.

Introduction: In verbal communication, speakers often use implicit utterances that need listeners to interpret via pragmatic inference. As individuals age, their ability to make efficient and accurate pragmatic inferences may decline, leading to communication difficulties.

Objectives: This study examined the cognitive aging phenomenon of pragmatic inference and its neural mechanisms using EEG recordings.

Additive Manufacturing of Nano-Micro Carbon Structures via Two-Photon Lithography.

Two-Photon Lithography (TPL), a revolutionary additive manufacturing technique that transcends the diffraction limit, empowers nanoscale-precise fabrication of 3D architectures. This breakthrough capability facilitates the creation of intricate micro-nano devices with exceptional structural flexibility and compatibility with multi-material systems, thereby catalyzing transformative developments in carbon-based micro-nanotechnology. This perspective systematically examines recent progress in TPL-enabled carbon material innovations, particularly highlighting the enhanced mechanical performance in micro-nano carbon structures through optimized laser parameterization and functional device implementations across biomedical interfaces, photonic circuits, and high-density energy storage systems.

CBT-Cys click ligation coupled with pregnancy test strips for nucleic acid assay.

Background: Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is a powerful nucleic acid detection method widely used in molecular diagnosis. The circular template, which is an essential component of RCA, is typically generated via enzymatic ligation. However, enzymatic ligation has limitations such as high cost and strict reaction conditions, and nucleic acid detection usually relies on large instruments, which is difficult to promote in places with limited resources.

Development and biological evaluation of novel SOS1 inhibitors featuring 5,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one scaffold.

SOS1 plays a pivotal role in RAS activation and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for tumors driven by KRAS mutations. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel series of SOS1 inhibitors based on the 5,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-one scaffold. Biological evaluation revealed that most compounds displayed anti-proliferative activity against K562 leukemia cells.

Biochar and hydroxyapatite enhance both phytoextraction and phytostabilization of a heavily Cd-polluted soil using sweet sorghum.

Sweet sorghum has a high tolerance to toxic metals, but its response to soil amendments in Cd-polluted soils remains underexplored. Here, we compared the effects of biochar and hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different doses (0, 0.5%, and 1%, w/w) on the growth, mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and phytoremediation efficiency of sweet sorghum grown in an agricultural soil heavily polluted by Cd (20.

Aqueous Gallium-Doped Copper Indium Selenide Quantum Dots for Non-Invasive Severity Grading of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a substantial global health challenge, yet current diagnostic tools, such as CT and MRI, despite providing anatomical detail, have limitations in assessing injury severity, monitoring progression, and guiding personalized treatments. Herein, an aqueous phase-synthesized gallium-doped copper indium selenide quantum dot (QD) probe designed for grading TBI severity is introduced. The doping of gallium ions into the semiconductor core largely restrained the nonradiative recombination rate, thereby significantly enhancing the near-infrared emission of the QDs.

Efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence based on a benzonitrile acceptor HLCT material with balanced carrier mobilities and high color purity.

Balanced carrier injection/transport and high color purity are critical for highly efficient near-ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence (EL) emitters. Herein, two novel structurally simple NUV donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecules, namely CZ-PPCN and TPA-PPCN, with a benzene π-bridge containing carbazole/triphenylamine as donors and benzonitrile as the acceptor were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited hybrid local charge transfer (HLCT) characteristics. The introduction of the benzonitrile group of the CZ-PPCN molecule not only enhances charge carrier injection but also promotes hole and electron mobility balance through the formation of supramolecular hydrogen bonds (both up to 10 cm V s).

Function-Oriented Electrolyte Additives: Chemical Strategy to Enhance the Performance of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the practical application of Li-S batteries faces several significant technical challenges, such as the "shuttle effect," sluggish polysulfide conversion kinetics, irreversible loss of active materials, and disordered growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. To overcome these issues, the strategic incorporation of functional electrolyte additives has emerged as a novel approach for enhancing Li-S battery performance.

3D Ordered Macroporous Superstructures of High Entropy Hydroxide with Strong Orbital Coupling Enhancing Water/Seawater Oxidation.

The water splitting performance is strongly influenced by intrinsic properties of the catalyst and the accessibility of the active center. Herein, high-entropy hydroxides (HEH) with 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure are prepared by chemical etching method with rational design. The 3DOM structure can maximize the exposure of the active sites and also facilitates bubble transport.

The Synergy Between In Situ Gradient Polymerization and Phase Separation Enables Practical Solid-State Ni-Rich Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional safety property. However, most of the previously reported SPEs cannot well match with high-loading and high-voltage cathodes due to their low ionic conductivity and limited anodic stability. Herein, a SPE with superior compatibility with high-loading Ni-rich cathodes is generated by in situ gradient polymerization of a deep eutectic electrolyte.

Ni-Fe-Mo oxide bifunctional electrocatalysts enabling high efficiency overall water splitting in alkaline media.

Hydrothermally synthesized and annealed Ni-Fe-Mo oxide nanorods exhibit efficient bifunctional electrocatalysis in alkaline freshwater and seawater, reaching 10 mA cm at low overpotentials of 1.42 V and 1.66 V, respectively.

Macromolecular Boron-Based Salt Enables Dense Interphases for Long-Cycling Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries represent a compelling next-generation energy storage system with practical energy densities exceeding 700 Wh kg, offering a promising pathway beyond current lithium-ion technology. However, their commercial viability remains constrained by deleterious interfacial reactions between lithium metal anodes and polysulfide-containing electrolytes. Herein, it is presented a molecular engineering approach through a novel boron-based salt, lithium perfluoropinacolatoborate (LiFPB), strategically designed to reinforce the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for long-cycling Li-S batteries.

Asymmetrically coordinated cobalt atom on oxygen-doped carbon nitride for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation and pollutants degradation.

Targeted regulation of metal-atom configurations is an effective strategy to modulate electronic structure and enhance peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, cobalt atom with an asymmetric coordination of five nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (Co-N5O1) anchored on oxygen-doped carbon nitride (OCN) surfaces was synthesized to activate PMS. Experimental and computational results revealed that the asymmetric N, O coordination of Co atoms not only facilitated PMS adsorption and activation, thereby generating more sulfate (SO), superoxide radical (O), and singlet oxygen (O) radicals; but also enabled dissolved oxygen to participate in radical generation and promoted the electron transfer from contaminants to the surface-bound PMS complexes.

Tilmicosin derivatives as topoisomerase I/II inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation.

The antibacterial mechanisms of macrolides primarily focus on ribosome inhibition, while their potential interactions with topoisomerases (Topo) remain to be thoroughly explored. In this study, novel tilmicosin (TIM) derivatives were designed and screened with strong binding affinities to Topo I/II by using molecular docking. Then, four TIM derivatives (T-1, T-2, T-16, and T-17) were selected as potential candidates for subsequent synthesis.

Bioinspired, robust, flame retardant separator towards advanced safety lithium-sulfur batteries.

Microporous polyethylene (PE) membranes are commonly used separators in lithium-sulfur (LiS) batteries. However, these membranes suffer from severe shrinkage at high temperatures and exhibit limited physical barrier capability against polysulfides, which leads to significant shuttle effects, resulting in capacity decay and safety hazards. In the present study, we report a facile strategy to construct a coral-like CaCO composite functional layer on the PE separator surface using a polydopamine (PDA)-assisted in situ liquid-phase growth technique.

Platinum single atom anchoring on nano-MOF/tubular carbon nitride enabled nitrogen activation and multiple electron transfer for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation offers a sustainable pathway for green ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, yet its practical application is hindered by the inefficient charge separation and insufficient active sites of conventional photocatalysts. Herein, we present a rationally engineered heterostructure comprising Pt single atoms (PtSAs) on nano metal-organic frameworks (MOF-74)/hollow double-shelled tubular CN (TCN), which addresses these limitations through synergistic effects. The Z-scheme heterojunction formed between MOF-74 and TCN establishes a built-in electric field, facilitating directional electron transfer from MOF-74 to PtSAs-modified TCN.

Enabling an ultraefficient lithium-selective construction through electric field-assisted ion control.

Membranes with precise ion transport behaviors are regarded as an alternative for lithium (Li) extraction from water streams. Current membranes demonstrate limited viability due to the lack of efficient Li-selective architectures. We propose an electric field-assisted ion control hypothesis in reinforcing ultraefficient Li-selective membranes, in which an ionized zeolitic imidazolate framework layer (Q-PEI@ZIF) is constructed via polyethylenimine (PEI) in situ confinement conversion and subsequent quaternization of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.

Ethanol extract of seeds alleviates HGHFD/STZ-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation.

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effects of ethanol extract (EGK) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore its underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: , a T2DM rat model was established using HGHFD/STZ. , HepG2 cells were induced with FFA to create a model of lipid accumulation.

Chloride ion-capturing LaSrBO (B = Fe, Co) perovskite oxides achieving superior electrochemical desalination performance.

Perovskite oxides (ABO), with a designable crystal structure, excellent conductivity and inherent oxygen vacancies, hold great promise in addressing the sluggish kinetics and poor stability of conventional Cl capturing electrodes used in capacitive deionization (CDI) for saline water desalination. However, Cl storage in perovskite oxides remains largely unexplored in the CDI field. This work unprecedentedly demonstrates that Cl intercalation can be realized for perovskite oxides.

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of ZnCdS through Induced Dipole Polarization.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) faces challenges due to inefficient charge transfer, limited active sites, and water activation difficulties. Effective manipulation of the dipole polarization electric field offers a solution to overcome these obstacles. Herein, the introduction of highly electronegative element N into the ZnCdS (ZCS) structure increased the dipole moment from 2.

Synthesis of Defective MOF-801 via Air-Liquid Segmented Flow for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural.

As one of the most important platform chemicals, furfural (FAL) can be converted into high-value-added products such as furfuryl alcohol (FOL) through multiple pathways. Zirconium-based MOF-801 demonstrates exceptional catalytic potential for FAL conversion via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH), owing to its unique crystal defects generated during growth. In this study, a series of defective MOF-801 samples were efficiently synthesized using an air-liquid segmented microfluidic technique.

Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1): Molecular characteristics, clinical relevance and therapeutic interventions in cancer.

Ras Association Domain Family 1 (RASSF1) proteins are key modulators of tumor suppression, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Among its isoforms, RASSF1A is the most extensively studied due to its crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing cancer progression. It primarily functions as a scaffold protein, orchestrating critical signaling pathways such as Ras, Hippo, and p53 to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Methanol Electrochemical Upgrading to Formate for Energy Applications.

The electrochemical oxidation of methanol to formate (MTF) has emerged as a promising route for sustainable chemical production and energy storage. Despite its potential, the development of efficient MTF systems faces significant challenges, including insufficient mechanistic understanding and suboptimal catalyst design. This review highlights recent advances in MTF electrocatalysis, focusing on three key aspects: 1) reaction mechanisms at molecular level, 2) rational catalyst design strategies, and 3) practical applications in energy systems.

Triphenylamine-Mediated Intramolecular Remote Cyano Migration via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation.

The photoactivation of electron donor-acceptor complexes has been developed as a renewable, selective, and multifunctional strategy to generate free radicals. Nevertheless, efforts to employ catalytic amounts of organic amines as electron donors in visible-light-promoted reactions are still at a nascent stage. Herein, a novel triarylamine-based electron donor-acceptor complex has been proposed for the successful construction of β-cyanosulfone, enabling a three-component olefinic difunctionalization of aryl thianthrenium salts, (DABCO)·(SO), and cyanohydrins under visible light conditions through intramolecular 1,4-cyano migration.

Biotechnological breakthrough to cattail fiber as an ultra-efficient natural oil sorbent.

Most synthetic oil sorbents are expensive, environmentally unsafe, difficult to regenerate and utilize, therefore it is preferable to use natural oleophilic and hydrophobic materials. In this paper we have studied the mechanism and kinetic parameters of the sorption process by cattail fiber as natural oil sorbent, its performance characteristics. We show that it has a high sorption capacity for many oil products, high sorption rate (less than 1 min), long buoyancy (more than 30 days), the possibility of multiple regeneration (more than 50 cycles).