Methanol Electrochemical Upgrading to Formate for Energy Applications.

The electrochemical oxidation of methanol to formate (MTF) has emerged as a promising route for sustainable chemical production and energy storage. Despite its potential, the development of efficient MTF systems faces significant challenges, including insufficient mechanistic understanding and suboptimal catalyst design. This review highlights recent advances in MTF electrocatalysis, focusing on three key aspects: 1) reaction mechanisms at molecular level, 2) rational catalyst design strategies, and 3) practical applications in energy systems.

Promoting Efficient Ruthenium Sites With Lewis Acid Oxide for the Accelerated Hydrogen and Chlor-Alkali Co-Production.

Ruthenium (Ru) -based catalysts have been considered a promising candidate for efficient sustainable hydrogen and chlor-alkali co-production. Theoretical calculations have disclosed that the hollow sites on the Ru surface have strong adsorption energies of H and Cl species, which inevitably leads to poor activity for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic chlorine evolution reaction (CER), respectively. Furthermore, it have confirmed that anchoring Lewis acid oxide nanoparticles such as MgO on the Ru surface can induce the formation of the onion-like charge distribution of Ru atoms around MgO nanoparticles, thereby exposing the Ru-bridge sites at the interface as excellent H and Cl adsorption sites to accelerate both HER and CER.

Partially Interstitial Silicon-Implanted Ruthenium as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

To enhance the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it is crucial, yet challenging, to fundamentally understand and rationally modulate potential catalytic sites. In this study, we confirm that despite calculating a low water dissociation energy barrier and an appropriate H adsorption free energy (ΔG) at Ru-top sites, metallic Ru exhibits a relatively inferior activity for the alkaline HER. This is primarily because the Ru-top sites, which are potential H adsorption sites, are recessive catalytic sites, compared with the adjacent Ru-hollow sites that have a strong ΔG.

The Isodon serra genome sheds light on tanshinone biosynthesis and reveals the recursive karyotype evolutionary histories within Lamiales.

Lamiales is one of the largest orders of angiosperms with a complex evolutionary history and plays a significant role in human life. However, the polyploidization and chromosome evolution histories within this group remain in mystery. Among Lamiales, Isodon serra (Maxim.

The influence of antiplatelet drugs on outcomes of spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The management of antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients undergoing spinal surgery is complex, requiring balancing the risks of thromboembolic events against those of potential perioperative bleeding. This review evaluates the effects of continuing versus discontinuing APT on the surgical outcomes of spinal surgery.

Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that continuing antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients undergoing spinal surgery will not significantly increase intraoperative blood loss, operative time, or postoperative complications compared to discontinuing APT, but may lead to a higher need for postoperative transfusions.

Rationally Designed Mo/Ru-Based Multi-Site Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst for Accelerated Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The rational design of multi-site electrocatalysts with three different functions for facile HO dissociation, H-H coupling, and rapid H release is desirable but difficult to achieve. This strategy can accelerate the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions. To resolve this issue, a Mo/Ru-based catalyst with three different active sites (Ru/MoC/MoO) is rationally designed and its performance in alkaline HER is evaluated.

A sequence-aware merger of genomic structural variations at population scale.

Merging structural variations (SVs) at the population level presents a significant challenge, yet it is essential for conducting comprehensive genotypic analyses, especially in the era of pangenomics. Here, we introduce PanPop, a tool that utilizes an advanced sequence-aware SV merging algorithm to efficiently merge SVs of various types. We demonstrate that PanPop can merge and optimize the majority of multiallelic SVs into informative biallelic variants.

Substantial Impact of Built-in Electric Field and Electrode Potential on the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Ru-CoP Urchin Arrays.

Although great efforts on the delicate construction of a built-in electric field (BIEF) to modify the electronic properties of active sites have been conducted, the substantial impact of BIEF coupled with electrode potential on the electrochemical reactions has not been clearly investigated. Herein, we designed an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst composed of heterogeneous Ru-CoP urchin arrays on carbon cloth (Ru-CoP/CC) with a strong BIEF with the guidance of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Impressively, despite its unsatisfactory activity at 10 mA cm (overpotential of 44 mV), Ru-CoP/CC exhibited better activity (357 mV) than the benchmark Pt/C catalyst (505 mV) at 1 A cm .

Grain Boundary Tailors the Local Chemical Environment on Iridium Surface for Alkaline Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Even though grain boundaries (GBs) have been previously employed to increase the number of active catalytic sites or tune the binding energies of reaction intermediates for promoting electrocatalytic reactions, the effect of GBs on the tailoring of the local chemical environment on the catalyst surface has not been clarified thus far. In this study, a GBs-enriched iridium (GB-Ir) was synthesized and examined for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that a local acid-like environment with H O intermediates was created in the GBs region owing to the electron-enriched surface Ir atoms at the GBs.

In Situ Activation Endows Orthorhombic Fluorite-Type Samarium Iridium Oxide with Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation.

Developing electrochemical catalysts for acidic water oxidation with improved activity and stability has been the key to the further popularization of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. In this work, an orthorhombic fluorite-type samarium iridium oxide (SmIrO) catalyst is synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction. After in situ activation, the as-prepared SmIrO exhibits higher mass activity and durability than that of commercial IrO.

Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Phase Engineering and Phosphorus Doping on Ru/P-TiO.

Synergistic optimization of the elementary steps of water dissociation and hydrogen desorption for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media is a challenge. Herein, the Ru cluster anchored on a trace P-doped defective TiO substrate (Ru/P-TiO ) was synthesized as an electrocatalyst for the HER; it exhibited a commercial Pt/C-like geometric activity and an excellent mass activity of 9984.3 mA mg at -0.

Hierarchical MoP Hollow Nanospheres Anchored on a N,P,S-Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Developing efficient, nonprecious, and durable electrocatalysts with favorable nanostructures is a persistent challenge yet is significant for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, for the first time, a rationally designed strategy is reported for the synthesis of hierarchical hollow MoP nanospheres anchored on N,P,S co-doped porous carbon (hs-MoP/NPSC). Importantly, the porous shell of the hollow nanosphere is constructed of a number of interwoven MoP subunits, which is beneficial for exposing surface active sites as much as possible and promoting the mass transport during the HER process.

Facile Synthesis of Well-Dispersed NiP on N-Doped Nanomesh Carbon Matrix as a High-Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The development of non-noble metal hydrogen evolution catalysts that can replace Pt is crucial for efficient hydrogen production. Herein, we develop a type of well-dispersed NiP on N-doped nanomesh carbon (NC) electrocatalyst by a facile pyrolysis method, which shows excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance. It is rather remarkable that the overpotential of NiP/NC prepared under optimal proportion is 108 mV at 10 mA·cm current density in 1 M KOH solution with the tafel slope of 67.

Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of Sophoraflavanone G: Prescription optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Sophoraflavanone G (SFG) is promising component in clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system in order to improve oral bioavailability of SFG. The optimum formulation of Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System with SFG (SFG-SMEDDS) was selected by the solubility test, self-emulsifying grading test and ternary phase diagram test.

Enhanced Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Property of Peapod-like MnO@carbon Nanowires.

Investigating lightweight electromagnetic microwave absorption materials is still urgent because of the issue related to the electromagnetic pollution or military defense. Our findings indicate that core-shell MnO@carbon nanowires (MnO@C NWs) achieve substantially enhanced microwave absorption, suggesting the suitable impedance matching induced by the synergetic effect between MnO and carbon. Furthermore, the peapod-like MnO@C NWs with internal void space can be facially synthesized by partial etching of core-shell MnO@C NWs.

Shear-Assisted Production of Few-Layer Boron Nitride Nanosheets by Supercritical CO Exfoliation and Its Use for Thermally Conductive Epoxy Composites.

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) hold the similar two-dimensional structure as graphene and unique properties complementary to graphene, which makes it attractive in application ranging from electronics to energy storage. The exfoliation of boron nitride (BN) still remains challenge and hinders the applications of BNNS. In this work, the preparation of BNNS has been realized by a shear-assisted supercritical CO exfoliation process, during which supercritical CO intercalates and diffuses between boron nitride layers, and then the exfoliation of BN layers is obtained in the rapid depressurization process by overcoming the van der Waals forces.

[Research on the protein C-activating property and influencial factors of protein C activator isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon halys].

Objective: To investigate the protein C-activating property and experimental conditions that may affect the activities of protein C activator (PCA-SV).

Methods: PCA-SV's functional characteristic, possible anticoagulant and amidase activities were measured by method of APTT and that of specific chromogenic substrate respectively in various experimental conditions.

Results: PCA-SV can specifically act on protein C.

[Effect of fractions isolated from Naja naja atra venom on antioxidation in animals].

Objective: To study the antioxidation of fraction F and H isolated from Naja naja atra venom on homogenate and RBC autoxidation. And to explore the effect of two fractions on the activities of antioxidation enzymes in mice.

Method: Samples of tissues homogenates and RBC suspension were pretreated with fraction F/H, and then their generation of malondialdehyde(MDA) was examined.