The role of REST in regulating the BDNF/TrkB signalling pathway in nano-alumina induced cognitive dysfunction in zebrafish.

Synaptic plasticity is fundamental for cognitive development and brain function. Aluminium nanoparticles (AlNPs), widely used in industrial and consumer products, pose potential neurotoxic risks, particularly during early neurodevelopment. However, their effects on synaptic plasticity and cognitive outcomes remain poorly understood.

Oxidative stress, DAMPs, and immune cells in acute pancreatitis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the pancreas and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of AP involves a complex interplay of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and the infiltration of various immune cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying AP, the role of different immune cells in its progression and potential therapeutic perspectives.

Novel pharmaco-exosomal immunotherapy for united airway diseases: PLGA-encapsulated, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with PPAR-γ agonist for allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Background: The united airway diseases (UADs), exemplified by allergic rhinitis and asthma, cause significant morbidity. Although conventional pharmacotherapy provides symptomatic relief, recent evidence has indicated that cellular therapy, such as stem cell-derived exosomes, might offer therapeutic advantages throughout the entire respiratory tract.

Objectives: The present study intends to demonstrate the effect and explore the mechanism of a novel pharmaco-exosomal immunotherapy, i.

Average annual costs of Rheumatoid Arthritis estimated by inverse probability weighting and their influence factors: A cross-sectional study based on Chinese Registry of Rheumatoid arthritis (CREDIT) Cohort.

Objective: To date, the evidences of economic burden for the RA individual in the real-world clinical practice were still limited in China. This study aimed to estimate average annual costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using inverse probability weighting (IPW) and their influence factors.

Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted and the RA patients who met inclusion criteria on CREDIT cohort were invited to participate the survey.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar synergistically enhance Cd(II) phytoremediation in Koelreuteria bipinnata.

Cadmium (Cd(II)) contamination is a global environmental issue. While synergistic interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar may enhance Cd(II) phytoremediation in plants, the combined effects on Koelreuteria bipinnata and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this, we conducted a pot experiment assessing AMF inoculation (sterilized AMF, single or mixed inoculations of Rhizophagus irregularis and Diversispora versiformis) and rice-husk biochar amendment (0 % or 3 % substrate addition) on plant growth, soil properties, and Cd(II) uptake under varying soil Cd(II) concentrations (0, 50 and 150 mg kg).

c-MET Inhibition Reverses the Osimertinib Resistance in Lung Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters and Suppresses Metastasis.

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) serve as the “seeds” of tumor metastasis, and the clustering of CTCs is critically associated with tumor metastasis and the mortality of lung cancer patients. Inhibiting the survival of CTC clusters represents a pivotal strategy for anti-lung cancer metastasis therapy. This study is designed to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of lung cancer CTC clusters in mediating resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), thereby offering novel insights into anti-lung cancer metastasis treatment.

[Clinical features and immunotherapy for children with loss-of-function/gain-of-function mutations in the gene: an analysis of 10 cases].

Objectives: To investigate the clinical features of children with gene mutations, and to explore corresponding immunotherapy strategies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 10 children with gene mutations who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, from October 2015 to October 2024. Exploratory immunotherapy was implemented in some refractory cases, and the changes in symptoms, imaging manifestations, and cytokine levels were assessed after treatment.

Heterogeneous network drug-target interaction prediction model based on graph wavelet transform and multi-level contrastive learning.

Reliable prediction of drug-target interaction (DTI) is essential for accelerating drug discovery, yet remains hindered by data imbalance, limited interpretability, and neglect of protein dynamics. Here, we present GHCDTI, a heterogeneous graph neural framework designed to overcome these challenges through three synergistic innovations. First, cross-view contrastive learning with adaptive positive sampling improves generalization under extreme class imbalance (positive/negative ratio<1:100).

Identifying Risk Factors and Constructing Predictive Models for Wearing-Off and Dyskinesia in Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease on Long-Term Levodopa Therapy.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of motor complications including wearing-off (WO) and dyskinesia during long-term levodopa (LD) therapy in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and develop corresponding predictive models, thereby providing a basis for personalized treatment strategies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 208 consecutive PD patients who were recruited. The presence of WO and dyskinesia was assessed by a 9-item wearing-off questionnaire and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part IV.

IL-32 positively regulates the AEBP1-IκBα-NF-κB-TNF-α axis to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human macrophages.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis, survives in host macrophages, the primary effector and antigen-presenting cells involved in the host immune response. We previously showed that Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is significantly increased in the peripheral blood plasma of tuberculosis patients, can act as an anti-MTB agent. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for its effect remains unknown.

Coupled biogeochemical processes account for vertical heterogeneity of groundwater iodine in the Hetao Basin.

Iodine concentration in groundwater exhibits vertical heterogeneity, even within the same aquifer, which is mainly caused by specific biogeochemical processes. However, the microbial contributions to the vertical change of groundwater iodine remain unclear. In this study, we built a monitoring network of 24 wells targeting the depths of 20, 35 and 50 m in a semi-confined aquifer in the Hetao Basin, China and used hydrogeochemistry, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to elucidate microbial-mediated vertical variations of groundwater iodine.

Prediction of 5-year postoperative survival and analysis of key prognostic factors in stage III colorectal cancer patients using novel machine learning algorithms.

Objective: This study explores the predictive value of clinical and socio-demographic characteristics for postoperative survival in stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and develops a 5-year postoperative survival prediction model using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: Data from 13,855 stage III CRC patients who underwent surgery were extracted from the SEER database. Key variables, including marital status, gender, tumor location, histological type, T stage, chemotherapy status, age, tumor size, lymph node ratio, and others, were collected.

A ray localized vacuolar sucrose transport is required for wood formation in Populus tomentosa.

Wood development in perennial trees is a carbon demanding process essential for secondary cell wall formation and xylem development. Ray tissues are critical for organizing the radial transport system, but the regulatory mechanisms behind this transport and its influence on wood development remain largely unexplored. SUGAR WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERs (SWEETs) are key players in facilitating carbohydrate transport into the sink, yet their role in radial sugar transport from phloem to developing wood is unclear.

(Komar.) Nakai: A Review of Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology.

(Komar.) Nakai () is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is used in treating rheumatism and paralysis, lumbar and knee soreness, weakness of the muscles and bones, excessive leakage of menstruation, leakage of blood in pregnancy, restlessness of the fetus, dizziness and vertigo.

Regulatory Mechanisms of Phenolic Acids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the leading chronic liver condition globally, constitutes a major etiological contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its transition from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves progressive fibrosis, ultimately predisposing to HCC. The pathogenesis involves multifactorial interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation.

Characterization of the YCjN ABC Transporter in Escherichia coli: Role in Maltose and Ethidium Bromide Transport.

This study investigated the functional role of the ycjN gene in Escherichia coli, hypothesizing that its encoded protein, YcjN, functions as a carbohydrate transporter. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed YcjN as a solute-binding protein (SBP). The construction of a ΔycjN deletion strain revealed that ycjN is not essential for bacterial viability.

Overexpression of GmSCAMP4 enhances the tolerance of soybeans to low phosphorus stress.

The secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs), which are an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein family ubiquitously present in plants and animals, are implicated in various abiotic stress responses. However, their functional roles in plant adaptation to phosphate limitation remain unexplored. Through systematic genomic and transcriptomic analyses of soybean under low-phosphate (LP) stress, we identified GmSCAMP4 as a key LP-responsive candidate, exhibiting root-predominant expression and strong transcriptional induction under phosphorus deprivation.

Advancements in hydrogel applications for osteoarthritis therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder that significantly impacts patient quality of life. Conventional interventions, including pharmacological and surgical approaches, have demonstrated numerous limitations and are inadequate for cartilage regeneration. Recently, hydrogels, as biomaterials characterized by a distinctive three-dimensional network structure, superior biocompatibility, and adjustable mechanical properties, have shown promising potential in OA therapy.

An Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) Method for Toxicity and Safety Level Assessment of Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds and Terpene in Cold-Pressed Grapefruit Essential Oils.

Oxygen heterocyclic compounds (OHCs) like polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), coumarins (CMNs), furanocoumarins (FCMNs), and terpenes like nootkatone (NKT) are key secondary metabolites in grapefruit essential oils (GEOs). While these compounds exhibit a plethora of promising bioactivities (e.g.

DS-Modified Paeoniflorin pH-Responsive Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Targeted Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Purpose: Macrophages play a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Paeoniflorin, a traditional Chinese medication, reduces inflammation by suppressing immune cell activation and inducing synovial fibroblast apoptosis, attenuating RA disease progression. Despite the potential therapeutic benefits, free paeoniflorin has limitations, including low drug utilization, poor selectivity, and short half-life during administration.

The Prospective Registry Of MyositIS (PROMIS): II. Temporal shifts in causes of death among patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

Background: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases with variable long-term outcomes.

Objective: To determine the prognosis of IIM.

Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study included Chinese patients with IIM.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-typhoidal bacteremia in children vs. adults: a retrospective study.

Background: Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia in children and adults. However, there is a lack of data that directly compares the clinical characteristics and prognosis in children vs. adults.

Biomarkers and ImmuneScores in lung cancer: predictive insights for immunotherapy and combination treatment strategies.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy and combination therapies, involving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and tumor anti-angiogenesis therapy, have shown promising clinical results and are expected to become a key approach in the future management of lung cancer. However, due to immune resistance, immunotherapy remains highly effective in only a subset of patients, while many others either do not respond initially or develop resistance over time.