Pay more attention to the robustness of LLMs on adversarial prompt for instruction data mining.

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent studies have unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction data. Instruction-Following Difficulty is one of the most representative approaches in instruction data mining, which involves selecting samples where LLMs fail to generate response that align with the provided instructions as the high-quality instruction data.

RFAGB model: A new machine learning model for microplastic inversion based on remotely sensed data in Bohai Sea.

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem, posing a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. Traditionally, microplastic monitoring has relied on spectral methods, which have significant limitations in terms of cost and time efficiency. To achieve low cost, rapid and large-scale detection, remote sensing technology has been applied to microplastic monitoring, but its accuracy needs to be improved.

A method for authenticating the fidelity of knockout collections.

Gene knockout (KO) strain collections are important tools for discovery in microbiology. , a human fungal pathogen, has an available genome-wide gene deletion collection that is widely used by the research community. We uncovered mix-ups in the assembly of the commercially available deletion collection of ~4,700 unique strains acquired by our laboratory.

Quality of life in patients with pan-cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a bibliometric analysis (1995-2024).

Background: Chemoradiotherapy is a therapeutic approach that prolongs survival but may simultaneously negatively affect the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Current research on quality of life (QOL) in pan-cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) lacks systematic integration of bibliometric findings with clinical symptom data.

Methods: We retrieved 2762 articles from the Web of Science Core Collections.

Numerical and experimental study of RF-induced heating of passive implantable medical devices at 5T MRI.

Purpose: To assess the RF-induced heating of orthopedic implants in a 5T whole-body MRI system through electromagnetic simulations and experimental validation, with the goal of ensuring patient safety in ultra-high field (UHF) MRI.

Methods: Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate RF-induced heating in five titanium screws (4-12 cm) inside a 60-cm wide 5T whole-body MRI scanner using the standard ASTM phantom. The temperature rise over 15 min was determined through full-wave electromagnetic simulations and direct measurements.

The role of epigenetics in pulmonary fibrosis: recent advances in mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of lung tissue, with a key pathological feature of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. PF occurs from complicated origins, while emerging findings have suggested the involvement of the environmental factors in the risk of PF through epigenetic regulation. This article will discuss how recent advances in epigenetic alterations of DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs contribute to PF development through molecular mechanisms and cellular processes, including fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), alveolar epithelial cell injury and immune cell interactions in the past 5 years.

Experimental Quantum Fingerprinting without the Shared Randomness Loophole.

Quantum fingerprinting (QF) promises exponential reduction of information transmission in executing communication complexity tasks. Practicality and quantum advantage of this novel protocol has been recently demonstrated using weak coherent pulses to carry the fingerprinting information. However, all coherent QF implementations rely upon a direct optical link to maintain coherence between the users, which does not comply with the protocol's rule that the users must not have any access to a shared randomness.

Novel zinc(II) complexes bearing N,N,N-tridentate pyrimidine ligands as antitumor agents: Synthesis, characterization and antitumor evaluation.

Herein, a series of Zn(II) complexes (1-4) with a six-coordinate octahedral configuration were successfully designed and synthesized using pyrimidine-pyridine derivatives HL-HL. The structures of complexes 1-4 were systematically characterized by H NMR, IR, UV-Vis, X-ray single-crystal diffraction and XRD. MTT assays using selected tumor cell lines (MCF-7, BGC-823, A549, and BEL-7402) demonstrated that complexes 1-4 exhibited superior anti-proliferative activity compared to their corresponding ligands HL-HL and the conventional chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin.

CaMutQC: An R package for integrative quality control and filtration of cancer somatic mutations.

The quality control and filtration of cancer somatic mutations (CAMs), including the elimination of false positives due to technical bias and the selection of key mutation candidates, are crucial steps for downstream analysis in cancer genomics. However, due to diverse needs and the lack of standardized filtering criteria, the filtering strategies applied vary from study to study, often resulting in reduced efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility. Here, we present CaMutQC, a heuristic quality control and soft-filtering R/Bioconductor package designed specifically for CAMs.

Overexpression of GmSCAMP4 enhances the tolerance of soybeans to low phosphorus stress.

The secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs), which are an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein family ubiquitously present in plants and animals, are implicated in various abiotic stress responses. However, their functional roles in plant adaptation to phosphate limitation remain unexplored. Through systematic genomic and transcriptomic analyses of soybean under low-phosphate (LP) stress, we identified GmSCAMP4 as a key LP-responsive candidate, exhibiting root-predominant expression and strong transcriptional induction under phosphorus deprivation.

LPS mediates cuproptosis and inflammation in THP-1 macrophages through HKDC1.

Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of copper-driven cell death characterized by the aggregation of acylated proteins and proteotoxic stress in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, which plays a role in inflammation. Recent studies suggest that hexokinase structural domain protein 1 (HKDC1), a fifth hexokinase, is involved in regulating mitochondrial function. However, the role of HKDC1 in cuproptosis and LPS-induced macrophage inflammation remains unclear.

Constructing SnO/SnSe heterostructures anchored on reduced graphene oxide for advanced Lithium-ion batteries.

Tin-based compounds have an ultrahigh theoretical capacity and low oxidation-reduction potential, making them as a very important type of anode matrix for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the enormous volume dilatation causes structural collapse, limiting its cyclic stability. Herein, a nanoscale SnO/SnSe@rGO has been designed, in which the interface of SnO/SnSe heterostructure generates a built-in electric field, improving charge transfer efficiency.

Signaling by intracellular β-adrenergic receptors regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity.

Signaling by norepinephrine (NE) via adrenergic receptors (ARs) mediates attention, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) form a complex with βARs, G, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A (PKA) to augment AMPAR phosphorylation and, thereby, surface expression. We show that signaling by intracellular βARs is required for these effects and two different forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) that depend on βAR signaling and phosphorylation of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit on S845.

Tailoring Functionalized Dipole Molecules for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

Dipole interlayer molecules have been incorporated into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance the energy level alignment between the perovskite and charge transport layers, improving charge extraction and device performance. However, the conventional dipole interlayer with a singular functionality is inadequate for high-efficiency PSCs with excellent long-term stability. Here, we design a functionalized dipole interlayer (FDI) between perovskite and electron transport layers that integrates multiple functionalities onto a novel dipole molecule.

Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities in Alpine Desertified Grassland Affected by Vegetation Restoration.

The rhizosphere serves as a critical interface for plant-soil-microorganism interactions. Rhizosphere soil refers to the soil directly adhering to root surfaces, while non-rhizosphere soil denotes the surrounding soil not in direct contact with roots. This study investigated the characteristics of soil microbial community structure, diversity, and enzyme activity dynamics in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of (shrub) across different restoration periods (4, 8, 16, and 24 years) in alpine sandy lands on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with unrestored sandy land as control (CK), while analyzing relationships between soil properties and microbial characteristics.

. flavonoids ameliorate ulcerative colitis by modulating oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and inflammatory responses.

Unlabelled: This study investigates , a traditional medicinal plant in southwestern China, for its potential therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). We developed a high-speed shear extraction method to isolate total flavonoids from its rhizomes, achieving a yield of 2.90 ± 0.

RAB7 protects against ischemic heart failure via promoting non-canonical TUFM mitophagy pathway.

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis critically contributes to ischemic heart failure (IHF) progression. While the endosome-lysosome system governs cellular homeostasis, the functional significance of its master regulator RAB7 in cardiac pathophysiology remains unexplored. Using myocardial infarction (MI) models via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in cardiomyocyte-specific RAB7 knockout mice and adeno-associated virus-mediated RAB7 overexpression models, we assessed cardiac function and adverse remodeling through echocardiography and pathophysiological assessment.

Pivotal role of AhR protein in the therapeutic efficacy of HuangKui capsule against calcium oxalate-induced kidney damage: An integrated study of network pharmacology and experimental verification.

Kidney stone are a frequently-occurring disease that may lead to severe renal impairment and eventual renal malfunction. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney stones. The HuangKui Capsule (HKC) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used for managing chronic glomerulonephritis.

Home spirometry telemonitoring in pediatric patients with asthma: a mixed study.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility and practicality of home spirometry telemonitoring for pediatric patients with asthma, including both motivators and barriers, as well as the requirements for effective implementation.

Methods: This single-arm, prospective study involved three phases: outpatient spirometry examination, home spirometry telemonitoring, and semi-structured interviews. A total of 110 children aged 5-12 years, who required spirometry monitoring at the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were enrolled.

Effects of Artificial Vegetation Restoration Pattern on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Alpine Desertification Grassland.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth, but its soil availability depends on the characteristics of P fractions. However, few studies have examined soil P fractions under ecological restoration in alpine and semi-humid regions. This study investigated three restoration methods on the eastern Tibetan Plateau: planting mixed grasses (MG), planting alone (SA), and planting in combination with grasses (SG), restored for 14 years, with untreated sandy land (CK) as control.

Impact of lateral movement of patients on radiofrequency-induced heating of active and passive implantable medical devices at 3T MRI.

Purpose: To investigate the implications of lateral patient position on radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating of active and passive implantable medical devices (AIMDs and PIMDs) in a wide-bore 3T MRI system.

Methods: In vitro simulations for two rod positions and three lateral phantom shifts were experimentally validated inside a wide-bore 3T MRI scanner. Three commercially available AIMDs (40-cm peripheral nerve stimulator [PNS], 45-cm restorative neurostimulator, and 50-cm cardiac rhythm management system) were analyzed.

Interface Field Engineering of Weakly Alkaline-Treated PEDOT:PSS for Enhanced Performance and Stability of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

State-of-the-art tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) commonly use a water-based poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer. However, the strong acidity of PEDOT:PSS, arising from the deprotonation of its -SOH group in PSS chains due to the low acid dissociation constant (p), often degrades tin perovskite films, compromising both the device performance and stability of TPSCs. Here, we present a novel interface engineering strategy using ammonium hydroxide (NHOH) treated PEDOT:PSS, which effectively neutralizes acidic groups in PSS while simultaneously improving the quality of tin perovskite films due to preferentially oriented crystal growth.

A highly sensitive and selective rectilinearly π-extended NIR fluorescent rhodamine probe for Cu detection in real food samples and fluorescence bioimaging in living cells and mice.

A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe (NRTB) was designed and synthesized to detect Cu. Its structure was characterized by H NMR, C NMR and ESI-HRMS. In addition, the fluorescence properties were improved by introducing an ethyl phenothiazine group into the rhodamine skeleton, resulting in a near-infrared (NIR) emission at 765 nm with a large Stokes shift of 165 nm.

Anti-Cancer Properties and Mechanistic Insights of Dihydroquercetin.

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), also known as taxifolin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound that serves as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. It is commercially available in the form of dietary supplements. As the reduced form of quercetin, DHQ contains five phenolic hydroxyl groups.