A novel technique for ransomware detection using image based dynamic features and transfer learning to address dataset limitations.

The increasing frequency of ransomware attacks necessitates the development of more effective detection methods. Existing image-based ransomware detection approaches have largely focused on static analysis, overlooking specialized ransomware behaviors such as encryption, privilege escalation, and system recovery disruption. Although dynamic and memory forensics-based visualization methods exist in the broader malware domain, they primarily target generic malware families and often rely on memory dumps or system snapshots without transforming behavioral features into spatially meaningful representations.

Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards basic life support among healthcare professional students in Bangladesh.

A comprehensive understanding of emergency care is an essential skill for all medical students to effectively manage emergency situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate healthcare professional students' understanding of basic life support (BLS) and to identify the factors that influence this knowledge. A Multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted across eight educational institutions in the Dhaka, Jashore, and Sylhet divisions of Bangladesh from January to June 2024, which included final-year medicine, physiotherapy, and nursing students.

Numerical and experimental study of RF-induced heating of passive implantable medical devices at 5T MRI.

Purpose: To assess the RF-induced heating of orthopedic implants in a 5T whole-body MRI system through electromagnetic simulations and experimental validation, with the goal of ensuring patient safety in ultra-high field (UHF) MRI.

Methods: Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate RF-induced heating in five titanium screws (4-12 cm) inside a 60-cm wide 5T whole-body MRI scanner using the standard ASTM phantom. The temperature rise over 15 min was determined through full-wave electromagnetic simulations and direct measurements.

Impact of lateral movement of patients on radiofrequency-induced heating of active and passive implantable medical devices at 3T MRI.

Purpose: To investigate the implications of lateral patient position on radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating of active and passive implantable medical devices (AIMDs and PIMDs) in a wide-bore 3T MRI system.

Methods: In vitro simulations for two rod positions and three lateral phantom shifts were experimentally validated inside a wide-bore 3T MRI scanner. Three commercially available AIMDs (40-cm peripheral nerve stimulator [PNS], 45-cm restorative neurostimulator, and 50-cm cardiac rhythm management system) were analyzed.

Association of pathotypes with fecal markers of enteropathy and nutritional status among underweight adults in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical intestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic fecal-oral exposure to entero-pathogens and could be diagnosed by measuring non-invasive biomarkers. is the one of the key bacterial enteric pathogens that drives EED, but there is a lack of information on the pathotypes in relation to the biomarkers of EED in malnourished adults. Here, we intended to measure the possible association of these pathotypes with EED biomarkers and nutritional status of adults residing in a slum in Bangladesh.

Single-cell analysis of antimicrobial compound-induced cell death of bacterial cells.

Due to the stochasticity of metabolic reactions and cell cycles of bacterial cells, it is necessary to examine the antibacterial activities of antimicrobial compounds (AMCs) such as antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) at the single-cell level. Here, we review recent studies of the bactericidal activities of AMCs at the single-cell level. First, we discuss recent investigations of the interaction of various AMPs with single bacterial cells, as monitored in real time using optical microscopy.

Evolution of long COVID over two years in hospitalised and non-hospitalised survivors in Bangladesh: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: In developing settings, comparative data on COVID hospitalised survivors (HS) and non-hospitalised survivors (NHS) is scarce. We determined burdens, incidence, evolution, and associated factors of long COVID-19 over two years among these groups.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and recruited confirmed COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to May 2021 (previously reported).

RF-induced Heating for Partially-In and Partially-Out Bipolar Parallel Medical Electrodes.

RF-induced heating is evaluated for unipolar and bipolar Partially-In and Partially-Out (PIPO) medical electrodes at 1.5T MRI. Numerical simulations were performed by modeling simplified unipolar and bipolar electrodes to understand the RF heating mechanism.

A Survey on ML Techniques for Multi-Platform Malware Detection: Securing PC, Mobile Devices, IoT, and Cloud Environments.

Malware has emerged as a significant threat to end-users, businesses, and governments, resulting in financial losses of billions of dollars. Cybercriminals have found malware to be a lucrative business because of its evolving capabilities and ability to target diverse platforms such as PCs, mobile devices, IoT, and cloud platforms. While previous studies have explored single platform-based malware detection, no existing research has comprehensively reviewed malware detection across diverse platforms using machine learning (ML) techniques.

From errors to excellence: the pre-analytical journey to improved quality in diagnostics. A scoping review.

This scoping review focuses on the evolution of pre-analytical errors (PAEs) in medical laboratories, a critical area with significant implications for patient care, healthcare costs, hospital length of stay, and operational efficiency. The Covidence Review tool was used to formulate the keywords, and then a comprehensive literature search was performed using several databases, importing the search results directly into Covidence (n=379). Title, abstract screening, duplicate removal, and full-text screening were done.

Electrochemical Selective Nitrate Reduction: Pathways to Nitrogen and Ammonia Production.

Nitrate (NO ) contamination from industrial, agricultural, and anthropogenic activities poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems. While traditional NO remediation methods are effective, they often generate secondary pollutants and incur high costs. Electrochemical NO reduction (ECNR) offers a sustainable alternative, converting NO into environmentally benign nitrogen (N) or valuable ammonia (NH).

RF-induced heating reduction by minimizing the external portion of the partially in and partially out medical devices under MRI at 1.5 T.

Purpose: To address the issue of RF-induced heating for partially in and partially out (PIPO) medical devices during 1.5 T MRI scans by proposing a method of minimizing the external portion.

Methods: A method of tightly winding the external segment of the PIPO device is proposed to minimize the overall device effective reception length during MRI scans to mitigate the RF-induced heating.

Superhydrophobic Electrospun PI/PTFE Membranes with Ultralow Dielectric Constants for High-Frequency Telecommunication.

High-frequency, high-power, and high-speed telecommunication in a complex environment promotes the development of dielectric materials toward a low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, good thermal properties, and long-term reliability. Here, polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene (PI/PTFE) nanofiber membranes with an inherent super hydrophobicity, excellent dielectric properties, good thermal stability, and enhanced tensile strength were prepared via a simple electrospinning strategy and an imidization reaction. The obtained PI/PTFE membranes demonstrate a superlow average dielectric constant of 1.

Relationship between oligoarginine-induced membrane damage of single cells and entry of the peptide into the cytoplasm.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can enter the cytosol of eukaryotic cells without killing them whereas some CPPs exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial cells. Here, to elucidate the mode of interaction of the CPP nona-arginine (R) with bacterial cells, we investigated the interactions of lissamine rhodamine B red-labeled peptide (Rh-R) with single cells encapsulating calcein using confocal laser scanning microscopy. After Rh-R induced the leakage of a large amount of calcein, the fluorescence intensity of the cytosol due to Rh-R greatly increased, indicating that Rh-R induces cell membrane damage, thus allowing entry of a significant amount of Rh-R into the cytosol.

Discovery of Cell-Permeable Allosteric Inhibitors of Liver Pyruvate Kinase: Design and Synthesis of Sulfone-Based Urolithins.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) presents a significant global health challenge, characterized by the accumulation of liver fat and impacting a considerable portion of the worldwide population. Despite its widespread occurrence, effective treatments for MAFLD are limited. The liver-specific isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKL) has been identified as a promising target for developing MAFLD therapies.

Determinants of low birth weight and its effect on childhood health and nutritional outcomes in Bangladesh.

Background: The high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality, adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers, and a decline in overall health and well-being. The current study aimed to identify the various determinants of LBW and its effect on adverse health and nutritional outcomes of children aged 0-23 months in Bangladesh.

Methods: Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data was used.

How do R&D and remittances affect economic growth? Evidence from middle-income countries.

Sustainable development through technical progress for middle-income countries (MICs) is overlooked in growth allied studies. Despite their crucial role in alleviating poverty and resource shortages, MICs encounter challenges in global economic competition, driving persistent efforts to find practical solutions. Therefore, this study explores the integrated impact of R&D expenditure and remittances on economic growth in MICs.

Processes and mechanisms underlying burst of giant unilamellar vesicles induced by antimicrobial peptides and compounds.

To clarify the damage of lipid bilayer region in bacterial cell membrane caused by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and antimicrobial compounds (AMCs), their interactions with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of various lipid compositions have been examined. The findings revealed two main causes for the leakage: nanopore formation in the membrane and burst of GUVs. Although GUV burst has been explained previously based on the carpet model, the supporting evidence is limited.

Challenges faced by medical officers in providing healthcare services at upazila health complexes and district hospitals in Bangladesh - a qualitative study.

Background: Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) and District Hospitals (DHs) play a crucial role in the healthcare delivery system of Bangladesh. But very few research has been conducted to find out the prevailing challenges of the medical officers working in these tiers. The objective of the study was to identify the challenges faced by medical officers in providing healthcare services at UHCs and DHs.

Effect of Phosphatidylethanolamine on Pore Formation Induced by the Antimicrobial Peptide PGLa.

Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce pore formation and a burst of lipid bilayers and plasma membranes. This causes severe leakage of the internal contents and cell death. The AMP PGLa forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG).

Construction and investigation of multi-enzyme immobilized matrix for the production of HFCS.

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts and speed up the biochemical reactions. The world's biotechnological ventures are development of enzyme productiveness, and advancement of novel techniques for thriving their shelf existence. Nowadays, the most burning questions in enzyme technology are how to improve the enzyme productivity and reuse them.

The Impact of mHealth Education on Changing Menstrual Hygiene Management Knowledge and Practices Among School-Going Adolescent Girls in Rural Bangladesh: A Quasi-experimental Study Protocol.

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process for women during their reproductive cycle, typically beginning during adolescence. During this stage, lack of knowledge, social taboos, and shyness act as barriers to proper menstrual hygiene management, rendering adolescent girls more vulnerable. This issue is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries.

Deep analysis of adsorption isotherm for rapid sorption of Acid Blue 93 and Reactive Red 195 on reactive graphene.

Graphene-based adsorbent was prepared by adopting a green synthetic route via the chemical exfoliation of graphite and low-temperature thermal activation. Prepared reactive graphene (RG) was characterized through various techniques, and its adsorption capabilities for textile dye removal were investigated for Acid Blue-93 (AB) and Reactive Red-195 (RR) under different operational conditions. The dye sorption equilibrium and mechanism were comprehensively studied using isotherm and kinetic models and compared statistically to explain the sorption behavior.

Effect of membrane tension on antimicrobial peptide PGLa-induced pore formation in lipid bilayers.

The osmotic pressure (Π) method has recently been developed to quantitatively examine the effect of membrane tension (σ) on pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here, we used the Π method to reveal the effect of σ on the interaction of an AMP, PGLa, with lipid bilayers comprising dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (4/6). PGLa induced leakage of fluorescent probes from single GUVs under Π, indicating nanopore formation.