Tailoring Functionalized Dipole Molecules for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

Dipole interlayer molecules have been incorporated into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance the energy level alignment between the perovskite and charge transport layers, improving charge extraction and device performance. However, the conventional dipole interlayer with a singular functionality is inadequate for high-efficiency PSCs with excellent long-term stability. Here, we design a functionalized dipole interlayer (FDI) between perovskite and electron transport layers that integrates multiple functionalities onto a novel dipole molecule.