Ampelopsis grossedentata protects against ethanol-induced acute duodenal injury by inhibiting TNF-triggered caspases-dependent apoptosis in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is a popular folk tea that has been used in China for more than 1000 years. It is noteworthy that AG is widely recognized for preventing alcohol hangover in folk, and its protective effects on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis have been demonstrated.

Aim Of The Study: Alcohol overconsumption can induce acute duodenal injury (ADI) that lacks effective therapeutic strategies.

Identification of a Nonelectrophilic and Selective TRPA1 Agonist for Alleviation of Inflammatory Pain through Channel Desensitization.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonists exert long-lasting analgesic effects by inducing neuronal desensitization, a similar strategy has been confirmed in the approval of capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist for the management of neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia. However, currently available TRPA1 agonists are limited by insufficient selectivity or undesirable side effects, highlighting the urgent need for the discovery of novel TRPA1 agonists as potential analgesics. In this study, we reported a selective TRPA1 agonist -(3-methoxypropyl)-4-(-tolyl)thiazol-2-amine named NMTA based on screening our compound library.

Methanol Electrochemical Upgrading to Formate for Energy Applications.

The electrochemical oxidation of methanol to formate (MTF) has emerged as a promising route for sustainable chemical production and energy storage. Despite its potential, the development of efficient MTF systems faces significant challenges, including insufficient mechanistic understanding and suboptimal catalyst design. This review highlights recent advances in MTF electrocatalysis, focusing on three key aspects: 1) reaction mechanisms at molecular level, 2) rational catalyst design strategies, and 3) practical applications in energy systems.

Behavioral and Demographic Profiles of HIV Transmission and Exposure Networks in Florida: Network Analysis of HIV Contact Tracing Data.

Background: To complete the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative in areas with high HIV incidence, there needs to be a greater understanding of the demographic, behavioral, and geographic factors that influence the rate of new HIV diagnoses. This information will aid the creation of targeted prevention and intervention efforts.

Objective: This study aims to identify the geographic distribution of risk groups and their role within potential transmission networks in Florida.

Adipocyte exosome miR-4472 inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through downregulation of MEF2D.

Aims/introduction: Previous studies have found that miR-4472 is overexpressed in the serum of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may participate in the process of obesity-induced T2DM. However, a role for miR-4472 in the process has not been demonstrated. Here, we aim to investigate whether the increased content of miR-4472 in adipose tissue derived from exosomes inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by downregulating the expression of its target gene.

Discovery of non-electrophilic TRPA1 channel agonists with anti-nociceptive effects via rapid current desensitization.

Desensitizing transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel through agonists emerges as an effective strategy for developing analgesics. Many TRPA1 agonists are electrophilic irritants, including BITC and iodoacetamide (IA), which covalently bind to cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic region of the channel. The electrophile JT010 is also recognized as a potent TRPA1 agonist via covalent modification of Cys621, whose irritant effects have been confirmed in humans, highlighting a commonly undesirable property of these electrophilic agonists.

Promoting Efficient Ruthenium Sites With Lewis Acid Oxide for the Accelerated Hydrogen and Chlor-Alkali Co-Production.

Ruthenium (Ru) -based catalysts have been considered a promising candidate for efficient sustainable hydrogen and chlor-alkali co-production. Theoretical calculations have disclosed that the hollow sites on the Ru surface have strong adsorption energies of H and Cl species, which inevitably leads to poor activity for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic chlorine evolution reaction (CER), respectively. Furthermore, it have confirmed that anchoring Lewis acid oxide nanoparticles such as MgO on the Ru surface can induce the formation of the onion-like charge distribution of Ru atoms around MgO nanoparticles, thereby exposing the Ru-bridge sites at the interface as excellent H and Cl adsorption sites to accelerate both HER and CER.

MAF1 inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis by fostering an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment.

Background: The biological significance of MAF1, a tumor suppressor, in carcinogenesis and immune response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unreported. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which MAF1 enhances anti-tumor immunity in HCC is crucial for developing novel immunotherapy strategies and enhancing clinical responses to treatment for patients with HCC.

Methods: Mice were subjected to hydrodynamic tail vein injections of transposon vectors to overexpress AKT/NRas, or c-Myc, with or without wild-type (WT) or mutant-activated (-4A) MAF1, or short-hairpin MAF1 (shMAF1).

Gastroprotective potential of the aqueous extract of nine-steaming and nine-sun-drying processed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua against alcoholic gastric injury in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polygonatum (Huangjing) genus has been used as both food and medicine in China for 2000 years, which was regarded as a "Top-grade" herb in the Shennong Bencao Jing. The most commonly used species is the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) that is traditionally utilized to invigorate Qi, nourish Yin, moisten lung, and tonify spleen and kidney.

Aim Of The Study: Excessive alcohol consumption causes severe upper-gastrointestinal diseases, notably gastric mucosal damage characterized by hemorrhagic gastritis, which lacks safe and effective intervention.

Phylogenetic-informed graph deep learning to classify dynamic transmission clusters in infectious disease epidemics.

Motivation: In the midst of an outbreak, identification of groups of individuals that represent risk for transmission of the pathogen under investigation is critical to public health efforts. Dynamic transmission patterns within these clusters, whether it be the result of changes at the level of the virus (e.g.

Cholesterol inhibition enhances antitumor response of gilteritinib in lung cancer cells.

Repositioning approved antitumor drugs for different cancers is a cost-effective approach. Gilteritinib was FDA-approved for the treatment of FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia in 2018. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Gilteritinib on other malignancies remain to be defined.

C-N cleavage of secondary amide to access primary amide by a Co(II)/Oxone oxidation system.

Cleavage of the C-N bond of a secondary amide could provide alternative access to primary amides; however, this strategy remains challenging due to oxidation resistance of the amide. Herein, we employed the cobalt(II)/Oxone catalytic system, one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), to make it available to break the strong C-N bond of various secondary (sulfon)amides, especially those bearing electron-poor or -substituted -arenes, to desirable primary (sulfon)amides. Control experiments showed that it was probably not the generally-considered persulfate anion radical in the cobalt/peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS) system but the proposed high-valent cobalt-oxo intermediate that should be the major active species for the initial N-H oxidation of -aryl amides.

Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn leaf aqueous extract protects against alcoholic gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (PPD) was used to treat gastrointestinal disease in China before the Tang Dynasty, and it was considered a "Top-grade" herb in Shennong Bencaojing, known for its ability to relieve the stomach Qi and indigestion.

Aim Of The Study: Alcohol consumption can induce severe gastric mucosal injury that lacks effective and safe interventions. We aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn leaf (PPL) after bolting in alcohol-induced gastric damage in mice.

MRD-YOLO: A Multispectral Object Detection Algorithm for Complex Road Scenes.

Object detection is one of the core technologies for autonomous driving. Current road object detection mainly relies on visible light, which is prone to missed detections and false alarms in rainy, night-time, and foggy scenes. Multispectral object detection based on the fusion of RGB and infrared images can effectively address the challenges of complex and changing road scenes, improving the detection performance of current algorithms in complex scenarios.

Genome-wide screening of meta-QTL and candidate genes controlling yield and yield-related traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Increasing yield is an important goal of barley breeding. In this study, 54 papers published from 2001-2022 on QTL mapping for yield and yield-related traits in barley were collected, which contained 1080 QTLs mapped to the barley high-density consensus map for QTL meta-analysis. These initial QTLs were integrated into 85 meta-QTLs (MQTL) with a mean confidence interval (CI) of 2.

PI3K/HSCB axis facilitates FOG1 nuclear translocation to promote erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis.

Erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis are stringently regulated by signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways regulate key transcription factors controlling erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis remain partially understood. Herein, we identified heat shock cognate B (HSCB), which is well known for its iron-sulfur cluster delivery function, as an indispensable protein for friend of GATA 1 (FOG1) nuclear translocation during erythropoiesis of K562 human erythroleukemia cells and cord-blood-derived human CD34+CD90+hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as during megakaryopoiesis of the CD34+CD90+HSCs.

Analysis and Visualization of Single-Cell Sequencing Data with Scanpy and MetaCell: A Tutorial.

The emergence and development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques enable researchers to perform large-scale analysis of the transcriptomic profiling at cell-specific resolution. Unsupervised clustering of scRNA-seq data is central for most studies, which is essential to identify novel cell types and their gene expression logics. Although an increasing number of algorithms and tools are available for scRNA-seq analysis, a practical guide for users to navigate the landscape remains underrepresented.

DeepDynaForecast: Phylogenetic-informed graph deep learning for epidemic transmission dynamic prediction.

In the midst of an outbreak or sustained epidemic, reliable prediction of transmission risks and patterns of spread is critical to inform public health programs. Projections of transmission growth or decline among specific risk groups can aid in optimizing interventions, particularly when resources are limited. Phylogenetic trees have been widely used in the detection of transmission chains and high-risk populations.

Additive-free oxychlorination of unsaturated C-C bonds with -butyl hypochlorite and water.

Herein we report an additive-free protocol for the facile synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones and α-chlorohydrins from various aryl terminal, diaryl internal, and aliphatic terminal alkynes and alkenes, respectively. The commercially available -butyl hypochlorite (BuOCl) was employed as a suitable chlorinating reagent, being accompanied by the less harmful BuOH as the by-product. In addition, the oxygen atoms in the products came from water rather than molecular oxygen, based on the O-labelling experiments.

miR-548ag promotes DPP4 expression in hepatocytes through activation of TLR(7/8)/NF-κB pathway.

Objective: In our previous study, we identified a notable increase in miR-548ag content after obesity, which contributes to the progression of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) through the up-regulation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4(DPP4) expression within the liver. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the upregulation of DPP4 by miR-548ag remain elusive. Mature miRNAs rich in GU sequences can activate the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway, which transcriptionally activates DPP4 expression.

Combining photodynamic therapy and cascade chemotherapy for enhanced tumor cytotoxicity: the role of CTTP@B nanoparticles.

The mitochondria act as the main producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. Elevated levels of ROS can activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, leading to cell apoptosis. In this study, we devised a molecular prodrug named CTTP, demonstrating notable efficacy in facilitating mitochondrial apoptosis.

Fraxini cortex: Progresses in phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fraxini cortex, which has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years, is made from the dried bark of four plant species: Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E.

Novel porphyrin derivative containing cations as new photodynamic antimicrobial agent with high efficiency.

Bacterial infections from chronic wounds affect about 175 million people each year and are a significant clinical problem. Through the integration of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy, a new photosensitizer consisting of ammonium salt ,-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)--(6-(4-(10,15,20-trimesitylporphyrin-5-yl) phenoxy) hexane)--methanaminium bromide, TMP was successfully synthesized with a total reaction yield of 10%. The novel photosensitizer consists of two parts, a porphyrin photosensitizer part and a quaternary ammonium salt part, to achieve the synergistic effect of photodynamic and chemical antibacterial activity.