Association of obesity-related anthropometric indicators with chronic constipation and diarrhea among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: Prior studies have linked obesity indicators to constipation/diarrhea, but multi-measure comparisons remain limited. We analyzed these associations in U.S.

Awake Flexible Bronchoscopy Intubation Practice Among Otorhinolaryngology Surgery: An Observation Study Based on Practice Video Recordings and Clinical Data.

Background: Patients with airway pathologies are at higher risk for difficult intubation, making Awake flexible bronchoscopy intubation (AFBI) an essential technique. This study aimed to describe the baseline characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes of AFBI regarding otorhinolaryngology surgery.

Methods: This single-centre, observational study included 147 adult patients who underwent a standardised AFBI protocol for otorhinolaryngology surgery patients at Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University between January 1, 2022 and July 31, 2023.

Animal study of adhesiolysis via transumbilical endoscopic surgery with gastric endoscopy: an exploration.

Background And Aims: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common clinical condition caused by obstruction of the intestinal contents. Adhesiolysis is an effective treatment, but traditional open or laparoscopic adhesiolysis is traumatic and often causes a recurrence of adhesions. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and safety of adhesiolysis via transumbilical endoscopic surgery (TUES) with a gastric endoscopy.

Complete genome sequence of Vibrio sinus, a potential contributor to collagen degradation.

Collagenase is an enzyme that has been shown to be highly effective in the degradation of both native triple-helical collagen and its denatured form (e.g., gelatin).

Efficient Benchmarking via Bias-Bounded Subset Selection.

Evaluating AI systems, particularly large models, is an essential yet computationally expensive task. The use of extensive benchmarks often leads to substantial computational/human costs that may even exceed those of pretraining. The efficiency of AI model evaluation focuses on estimating the model's score on the full benchmark based on its responses to a smaller subset.

Drug resistance among students with pulmonary tuberculosis: a study based on screening in Henan, China.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) can easily spread among students and can lead to an outbreak once there is an infection in a school. Outbreaks of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) in schools have occasionally been reported, but the profile of DR-TB in students in a province has rarely been described. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of DR-TB and factors associated with it in students in Henan Province, China.

Enhanced overall water splitting performance in alkaline solutions using hollow nanocage nickel‑cobalt‑iron layered double hydroxide derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67: The synergy of fast etching and metallic ions.

The development of highly active, cost-effective, and durable electrocatalysts is critical for efficient water splitting. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with their excellent conductivity, large surface area, and three-dimensional (3D) open framework facilitating mass transport and active site accessibility, are ideal candidates. In this work, a ternary nickel‑cobalt‑iron LDH (NiCoFe-LDH) is synthesized via metal ion etching, leveraging synergistic intermetallic electronic interactions to enhance electrocatalytic performance.

LLM-Integrated Normalization and Knowledge for FHIR (LINK-FHIR).

Current approaches lack efficient methods to convert diverse healthcare data formats into standardized Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). LINK-FHIR is a novel system for converting diverse Electronic Health Records into FHIR-compliant resources. The system leverages fine-tuned Large Language Models through a unified pipeline to efficiently process unstructured clinical notes, semi-structured lab reports, and structured tables.

Factors influencing cognitive impairment in patients undergoing hemodialysis: based on health ecological model.

Background And Objective: Cognitive impairment represents a prevalent issue among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Nevertheless, the majority of existing studies have predominantly focused on its influencing factors from a single-dimensional perspective. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the multifaceted factors contributing to cognitive impairment in patients undergoing HD by applying the health ecological model.

Role of AQP1 in the Ameliorating Effect of Electroacupuncture in a Rodent Model of Visceral Hypersensitivity.

Background: Aquaporins 1 (AQP1), the first water channel protein, is involved in central and peripheral nociception. However, it remains unclear whether AQP1 contributes to visceral hypersensitivity. We hypothesize that AQP1 contributes to acetic acid-induced visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and that electroacupuncture (EA) improves visceral hypersensitivity by down-regulating the expression of AQP1 in enteric glial cells (EGCs) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

Necroptosis in cancer: insight from epigenetic, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications.

Necroptosis represents a distinct form of programmed cell death that exhibits characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis. Due to its potential to activate anti-cancer immune responses, utilizing necroptosis to enhance immune activity within the tumor microenvironment has garnered significant attention. However, effectively regulating necroptosis in cancer remains a formidable challenge.

LEAVS: An LLM-based Labeler for Abdominal CT Supervision.

Extracting structured labels from radiology reports has been employed to create vision models to simultaneously detect several types of abnormalities. However, existing works focus mainly on the chest region. Few works have been investigated on abdominal radiology reports due to more complex anatomy and a wider range of pathologies in the abdomen.

Benchmarking Multi-Organ Segmentation Tools for Multi-Parametric T1-weighted Abdominal MRI.

The segmentation of multiple organs in multi-parametric MRI studies is critical for many applications in radiology, such as correlating imaging biomarkers with disease status (e.g., cirrhosis, diabetes).

LGF-Net: A multi-scale feature fusion network for thyroid nodule ultrasound image classification.

Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in clinical practice, and accurate classification of thyroid nodule ultrasound images is crucial for computer-aided diagnosis. Models based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a transformer struggle to integrate local and global features, which impacts the recognition accuracy.

Purpose: Our method is designed to capture both the key local fine-grained features and the global spatial features essential for thyroid nodule diagnosis simultaneously.

The Key to Spinal Cord Recovery: Harnessing p21 Inhibition to Boost Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic condition of the central nervous system (CNS), usually resulting in irreversible motor and sensory deficits that severely compromise patients' quality of life. Harnessing the untapped potential of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) may yield revolutionary therapeutic techniques for overcoming the limited NSPC proliferative capacity following SCI in adults. Single-cell sequencing results demonstrated that the limited proliferative capacity of NSPCs after SCI is associated with the upregulation of the p21.

Plasma Soluble ST2 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently complicated by cardiovascular involvement. Soluble growth stimulation-expressed gene 2 (sST2) is a promising cardiovascular biomarker, but its prognostic value in COVID-19 remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 314 hospitalized COVID-19 patients classified into mild/moderate ( = 168) and severe/critical ( = 146).

Platinum single atom anchoring on nano-MOF/tubular carbon nitride enabled nitrogen activation and multiple electron transfer for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation offers a sustainable pathway for green ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, yet its practical application is hindered by the inefficient charge separation and insufficient active sites of conventional photocatalysts. Herein, we present a rationally engineered heterostructure comprising Pt single atoms (PtSAs) on nano metal-organic frameworks (MOF-74)/hollow double-shelled tubular CN (TCN), which addresses these limitations through synergistic effects. The Z-scheme heterojunction formed between MOF-74 and TCN establishes a built-in electric field, facilitating directional electron transfer from MOF-74 to PtSAs-modified TCN.

Comprehensive analysis of exosome-related gene signature in multiple myeloma prognosis and immune microenvironment evaluation.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complicated plasma cell malignancy characterized by malignant plasma cell proliferation and monoclonal immunoglobulin synthesis. As a disease that remains incurable, enhancing prognostic accuracy is of paramount importance. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play key roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis and immune system.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Programs Safely Accelerate Recovery in Emergency Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Multivariable Risk Profiling.

Background: Emergency abdominal surgery involves complex, diverse conditions with high patient variability, posing recovery challenges. While Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs benefit elective surgery and show promise in emergencies, current research is disease-specific, limiting broad assessment. This study evaluates ERAS safety/effectiveness across multiple emergency abdominal conditions and identifies recovery risk factors.

Strengthening health information systems and inherent statistical outputs for improved malaria control and interventions in western Kenya.

Malaria control efforts in Kenya face persistent challenges due to fragmented health information systems, despite notable digital innovations. This mini review evaluates implementations in western Kenya, contrasting successes like Siaya County's Electronic Community Health Information System (eCHIS), developed through collaborations between the Ministry of Health, local agencies, and frontline health workers, which reduces reporting delays through real-time mobile data collection, with ongoing struggles including paper-based records in health facilities and unreliable rural internet. We document how analytical methods, when properly supported, can transform surveillance.

Rapid Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Intrahost Variants among COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Infections, Singapore.

The evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants have driven successive waves of global COVID-19 outbreaks, yet the longitudinal dynamics of intrahost variation within the same patient remain less clear. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study by deep sequencing 198 swab samples collected from COVID-19 patients with varying infection durations. Our analysis showed that prolonged infections enhanced viral genomic diversity, leading to emergence of co-occurring variants that maintained high (>20%) frequency and became dominant in virus populations.

Genomic and physiological characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens RHBA17 reveals density-dependent growth modulation in potato through ROS/RNS-auxin signaling and carbon metabolic reprogramming.

Pseudomonas fluorescens plays a vital role in plant root ecosystems. Earlier observations indicated its varying effects on potato growth under different population density, yet the biological basis remained uncertain. In the present study, a bacterial strain exhibiting plant growth-promoting potential was isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula.

PDMS Membrane Using Phenyl as Rigid Molecular Spacer for Phenol Recovery.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is extensively utilized for the recovery of bio-alcohols, but it encounters significant obstacles in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal, because of the narrow size for molecules diffusion. In this work, we designed a high-efficiency diffusion channel by introducing phenyl as a spacer into PDMS chains. The monomer divinylbenzene and vinyl-terminated PDMS (vinyl-PDMS) can be chemically crosslinked with thiol-grafted PDMS (thiol-PDMS) based on thiol-ene click reaction.

Differential expression of capecitabine-related metabolic enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical value: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Capecitabine (CAP) is widely used in cancer treatment for its oral convenience and tumor targeting. However, its effectiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is suboptimal, possibly due to metabolic enzyme expression differences. This study aims to analyze these enzymes' expression differences and explore their correlation with clinical pathological factors, to inform personalized CAP treatment.

HCD: A Hierarchy Constraint-Aware Neural Cognitive Diagnosis Framework.

Cognitive diagnosis (CD) aims to reveal students' proficiency in specific knowledge concepts. With the increasing adoption of intelligent education applications, accurately assessing students' knowledge mastery has become an urgent challenge. Although existing cognitive diagnosis frameworks enhance diagnostic accuracy by analyzing students' explicit response records, they primarily focus on individual knowledge state, failing to adequately reflect the relative ability performance of students within hierarchies.