Total ginsenosides and ginsenoside Rb2 delay hepatocyte senescence by regulating NAD metabolism and promoting IDO2/QPRT expression.

Background: Imbalances in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis accelerate aging, and targeting NAD metabolism is a potential strategy for delaying aging. Ginsenoside, as the main active ingredient of Panax ginseng Meyer, exert age-delaying effects. However, the potential molecular mechanism by which total ginsenosides (GS) affect NAD metabolism remains unclear.

Mechanistic Insights into Shenzhuo Formula for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data, and Experimental Validation.

Purpose: For early-stage Diabetic retinopathy (DR), various pharmacological agents and neuroprotective factors have been developed. However, these treatments often show limited efficacy, especially when initiated after retinal damage, and may cause adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop safer and more effective therapeutic strategies for early-stage DR.

Hypoxia, cuproptosis, and osteoarthritis: Unraveling the molecular crosstalk.

Aberrant changes in the hypoxic microenvironment are implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Cuproptosis, a unique copper-dependent form of regulated cell death that depends on the activity of key enzymes in mitochondrial metabolism, is also linked to oxygen levels. However, the crosstalk among hypoxic environment, cuproptosis, and OA development remains unclear.

Tang Bi formula alleviates diabetic sciatic neuropathy via AMPK/PGC-1α/MFN2 pathway activation.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, which affects various regions of the nervous system. Tang Bi formula (TBF) has been proven effective for DPN, while the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. This study aimed to clarifiy the neurprotective mechanism of TBF intervention in DPN through animal and cell models.

Qimai Feiluoping Decoction Inhibits EndMT to Alleviate Pulmonary Fibrosis by Reducing PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway-Mediated the Restoration of Autophagy.

Purpose: Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a severe interstitial lung disease currently lacking effective prevention strategies. Endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a novel mechanism for fibroblast production, is closely associated with PF. The precise mechanisms underlying the contribution of EndMT-derived fibroblasts to PF, however, remain unclear.

PDMS Membrane Using Phenyl as Rigid Molecular Spacer for Phenol Recovery.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is extensively utilized for the recovery of bio-alcohols, but it encounters significant obstacles in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal, because of the narrow size for molecules diffusion. In this work, we designed a high-efficiency diffusion channel by introducing phenyl as a spacer into PDMS chains. The monomer divinylbenzene and vinyl-terminated PDMS (vinyl-PDMS) can be chemically crosslinked with thiol-grafted PDMS (thiol-PDMS) based on thiol-ene click reaction.

Yangke powder alleviates OVA-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that remains inadequately controlled by existing conventional treatments. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula of Yangke powder (yǎng ké sǎn-YKS) has demonstrated potential in alleviating asthma symptoms and reducing its acute exacerbation. Despite clinical evidence supporting its benefit, there is still insufficient understanding of the active compounds in YKS and their underlying mechanisms, which limits its broader clinical application.

Unveiling the mechanisms of mechanical loading-induced knee osteoarthritis through transcriptomics.

Aims: To establish a novel model of mechanical loading-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore its regulatory mechanisms through transcriptomics.

Methods: Knee joints of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were mechanically loaded with 13 N, 20 N and 27 N for 2 or 4 weeks to construct mechanically-induced KOA model. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, Safranin O/fast green staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and behavioral analysis were used to evaluate damage on the right knee joint.

Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to organ dysfunction, which increases the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in patients. However, adjuvant drug therapy for HS has not been widely accepted, and the benefits of vasopressors are generally considered to have insufficient evidence. Energy homeostasis disruption and excessive immune system activation are the main mechanisms underlying HS-induced organ dysfunction.

Corrigendum: Natural products targeting AMPK signaling pathway therapy, diabetes mellitus and its complications.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.

Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90β by Catalpol: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Alleviating Inflammation-Induced Cartilage Injuries in Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the metabolic dysfunction of chondrocytes. A promising therapeutic strategy for OA involves suppressing the catabolism of the chondrocyte and promoting its anabolism to restore joint homeostasis. Here, it is demonstrated that Catalpol, a natural compound, can promote chondrocyte anabolic and proliferation, while inhibiting the catabolic activities and oxidative stress, thereby maintaining the dynamic balance of the extracellular matrix and alleviating inflammation-induced cartilage damage.

Ginseng extract and total ginsenosides protect the function of hematopoietic stem cells by activating the Notch and Wnt signal pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (ginseng), a traditional Chinese medicine, is famous for "Qi-tonifying" effect and widely used for healthcare and therapeutic effects in China.

Qizhi Kebitong Formula Ameliorates Sciatic Nerve Injury in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Mice through PERK/ATF4/CHOP Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathway.

Background: The Qizhi Kebitong formula (QKF) has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy for over two decades in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with notable clinical efficacy. However, its precise mechanism and bioactive constituents remain elusive.

Methods: Through Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) analysis was used to identify the primary components of QKF.

Important regulatory role of mitophagy in diabetic microvascular complications.

Microvascular complications of diabetes pose a significant threat to global health, mainly including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which can ultimately lead to kidney failure, blindness, disability, and heart failure. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the search for new therapeutic targets for diabetic microvascular complications is imminent. Mitophagy is a widespread and strictly maintained process of self-renewal and energy metabolism that plays an important role in reducing inflammatory responses, inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation, and maintaining cellular energy metabolism.

Z-type heterojunction degradation of tetracycline by 2D g-CN with 3D oxygen vacancy BiWO.

Photocatalytic degradation is a promising strategy for environmental remediation. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is the most extensively reported metal-free material. Hierarchical flower-shaped BiWO particles were obtained using a simple hydrothermal method, with petals of flower-like BiWO with oxygen vacancies (BiWO OVs) with controlled content successfully decorated on g-CN nanosheets.

Natural products targeting AMPK signaling pathway therapy, diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks among the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases, characterized primarily by a persistent elevation in blood glucose levels. This condition typically stems from either insufficient insulin secretion or a functional defect in the insulin itself. Clinically, diabetes is primarily classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with T2DM comprising nearly 90% of all diagnosed cases.

Causal role of plasma liposome in diabetic retinopathy: mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Background: Research indicates that there may be an association between plasma lipidome levels and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients. However, the potential causality of this relationship is yet to be determined. To investigate this matter further, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to comprehensively assess the causality between lipidome levels and DR.

Role of sirtuin 1 in depression‑induced coronary heart disease: Molecular pathways and therapeutic potential (Review).

Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are two interconnected diseases that profoundly impact global health. Depression is both a complex psychiatric disorder and an established risk factor for CHD. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that requires the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to perform its deacetylation function, and its involvement is crucial in reducing cardiovascular risks that are associated with depression.

Dissecting the mechanisms of velvet antler extract against diabetic osteoporosis via network pharmacology and proteomics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Velvet antler (VAE) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used for thousands of years to treat bone-related diseases. Nonetheless, whether VAE has anti-diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) properties remains to be elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: The therapeutic mechanism of VAE on DOP is based on integrated proteomics of network pharmacology strategies to study related targets and pathways.

The Nexus Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunoporosis: Implications in the Treatment and Management of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a globally prevalent bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and heightened fracture risk, posing a significant health and economic challenge to aging societies worldwide. Osteoimmunology-an emerging field of study-investigates the intricate relationship between the skeletal and the immune systems, providing insights into the immune system's impact on bone health and disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the essential roles played by various immune cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes, and innate lymphoid cells) in regulating bone metabolism, homeostasis, formation, and remodeling through interactions with osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts (OB).

Selective Hydrogen Oxidation Catalyst for PEM Fuel Cells: Tungsten Cluster-Tuned Platinum Single Atoms.

The selective hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalyst is crucial for enhancing the performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) against degradation caused by reverse currents. In this study, a catalyst comprising platinum single atoms (Pt) finely tuned by tungsten nanoclusters (W) on an accordion-like nitrogen-doped carbon support (ANC) is presented. The tungsten nanoclusters, derived from phosphotungstic acid, are embedded within the carbon support, while the Pt single atoms are uniformly dispersed on its surface.

Protective effect of ginseng extract and total ginsenosides on hematopoietic stem cell damage by inhibiting cell apoptosis and regulating the intestinal microflora.

Ginseng may improve the myelosuppression and intestinal microbiota disorder induced by cyclophosphamide (CY); however, the effect of ginseng components on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) damage remains largely unexplored. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of ginseng extract (GE), total ginsenosides (TG) and total polysaccharides (TP) from ginseng on the intestinal microflora and HSCs of model mice. In the present study, a mouse model of HSC damage induced by CY was constructed, intestinal microflora of fecal samples were sequenced using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing techniques, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of HSCs were analyzed using high‑throughput RNA‑sequencing, cell apoptosis and erythroid differentiation were detected using flow cytometry and the blood cell parameters were analyzed using a hematology analyzer.