An MRI study of pancreatic atrophy in children with type 1 diabetes: Heterogeneity, disease duration effects, and progression prediction models.

Aim: To investigate the heterogeneity of pancreatic alterations in children with T1D and the effect of disease duration on the pancreas. To develop predictive models based on clinical and imaging parameters at baseline to determine whether pancreatic atrophy will progress at follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective study included 90 children with T1D and 82 control children.

Gas Dynamically Confined Synthesis of Platinum-Based Intermetallic Nanowires for Active and Ultrastable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis.

Precisely controlling the surface and internal atomic structures of platinum (Pt)-based nanocrystals remains a critical challenge for developing high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Here, we report a gas dynamically confined strategy leveraging hydrogen adsorption to synthesize Pt-based intermetallic nanowires (NWs) with ordered bulk atomic lattices (PtFe L1, PtCo L1, PtNi L1) and abundant high-index {311}, {211}, and {221} facets. Dynamic hydrogen adsorption reduces surface energy and suppresses atomic migration during high-temperature annealing, preserving the one-dimensional morphology and enabling structural ordering, as confirmed by in situ transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations.

Metal-Free Carbon Cocatalysis in Fenton Chemistry.

To address the challenges of low hydrogen peroxide utilization efficiency and excessive iron sludge accumulation in conventional Fenton processes, metal-free carbon cocatalysts harness their cost-effectiveness, ecofriendliness, and modifiable surface to propel green and enhanced Fenton chemistry. Their cocatalytic efficacy stems from structural features (pore architecture, hybridization state, and dimension) and surface properties (defect, heteroatom, functional group, graphitic structure, and site distribution), resulting in carbon cocatalysts playing multifaceted roles in assisting Fenton systems. This overview provides mechanistic insights into carbon cocatalyzed Fenton reactions, focusing on electron sources for iron reduction, and categorizes mechanisms into three approaches (electron donors, carbon-Fe(III) complexes, and electron mediators).

Enhanced overall water splitting performance in alkaline solutions using hollow nanocage nickel‑cobalt‑iron layered double hydroxide derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67: The synergy of fast etching and metallic ions.

The development of highly active, cost-effective, and durable electrocatalysts is critical for efficient water splitting. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with their excellent conductivity, large surface area, and three-dimensional (3D) open framework facilitating mass transport and active site accessibility, are ideal candidates. In this work, a ternary nickel‑cobalt‑iron LDH (NiCoFe-LDH) is synthesized via metal ion etching, leveraging synergistic intermetallic electronic interactions to enhance electrocatalytic performance.

Dual-lanthanide functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for fluorescent detection of quinolone antibiotics in multi-media.

To address the urgent need for antibiotic detection, rapid and reliable sensors are imperative. In this study, a novel dual-lanthanide-ion-modified hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) was developed as a fluorescence sensor, named EuTb@ME-IPA, for norfloxacin (NOR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) detection. The dual lanthanide ions (Eu and Tb) were anchored through the coordination with carboxyl and amino groups in the HOFs.

Platinum single atom anchoring on nano-MOF/tubular carbon nitride enabled nitrogen activation and multiple electron transfer for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation offers a sustainable pathway for green ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, yet its practical application is hindered by the inefficient charge separation and insufficient active sites of conventional photocatalysts. Herein, we present a rationally engineered heterostructure comprising Pt single atoms (PtSAs) on nano metal-organic frameworks (MOF-74)/hollow double-shelled tubular CN (TCN), which addresses these limitations through synergistic effects. The Z-scheme heterojunction formed between MOF-74 and TCN establishes a built-in electric field, facilitating directional electron transfer from MOF-74 to PtSAs-modified TCN.

Machine learning-assisted fluorescence/smartphone dual-mode platform for lead ion detection using the novel polyimide covalent organic framework.

Unintended leakage of toxic and lead ion (Pb) ions poses high harmful to human health and environment, hence its monitoring and detection is of utmost significance. Here, we developed a covalent organic framework (COFs) that was first synthesized by condensation of monomers 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) triphenylamine (TTA) and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCA), and then fluorescence/smartphone dual-mode point-of-care testing (POCT) platform based on COFs combined with machine learning was successfully constructed to detect Pb. The morphology, chemical structure, fluorescent properties, sensing competition and selectivity behaviors of COFs-Pb were systematically analyzed.

ScAGCN: Graph Convolutional Network with Adaptive Aggregation Mechanism for scRNA-seq Data Dimensionality Reduction.

With the development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, scRNA-seq data analysis suffers huge challenges due to large scale, high dimensionality, high noise, and high sparsity. To achieve accurately embedded representation in the large-scale scRNA-seq data, we try to design a novel graph convolutional network with an adaptive aggregation mechanism. Based on the assumption that the aggregation order of different cells would be different, a graph convolutional network with an adaptive aggregation-based dimensionality reduction algorithm for scRNA-seq data is developed, named scAGCN.

Effects of diabetic ketoacidosis, islet cell function, and age of onset on pancreas size, morphology, and exocrine function in children with type 1 diabetes: an abdominal MRI study.

Objective: To investigate pancreatic MRI parameters changes in children with T1D and to assess the effects of DKA, islet cell function, and onset age on the pancreas size, morphology, and exocrine function.

Methods: 176 children with newly diagnosed T1D and 100 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical metrics and pancreatic MRI parameters were collected and compared, and correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationships.

Fabrication of advanced cellulose-based devices for solar desalination: A review.

Materials derived from cellulose have attracted considerable attention as affordable substrates for solar desalination, contributing to the solution of the worldwide water crisis. These substances allow for exact control of structural features and improve light absorption in photothermal processes, promoting specific interactions between light scattering and reflection within their porous structure. Moreover, cellulose can be readily transformed into nano- and microporous forms, which enhances water transportation due to its inherent three-dimensional properties.

Dual-mode sensing platform based on an iodide ion synergistic covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of acetylcholinesterase.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a critical role in maintaining nervous system homeostasis and coordinating essential biological reactions. AChE is an important biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Therefore, developing efficient and immediate sensing platforms for AChE detection is crucial for advancing early diagnostic tools.

Can digital governance stimulate green development? Evidence from the program of "pilot cities regarding information for public well-being" in China.

Digital governance is an important goal of government digital transformation, and the policy of "pilot cities regarding information for public well-being" in China is an important initiative to promote the reform of government governance system and realize green development. Based on the panel data of 282 cities in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper analyzes the mechanism and path of the impact of digital governance on green development using the program of "pilot cities regarding information for public well-being" as a quasi-natural experiment. The double-difference model and mediation effect model are utilized.

Lattice coherency engineering trigger rapid charge transport at the heterointerface of Te/InO@MXene photocatalysts for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

The establishment of heterojunctions has been demonstrated as an effective method to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Conventional heterojunctions usually have random orientation relationships, and heterointerfaces can hinder photogenerated carrier transport due to larger lattice mismatches, thus reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this study, a novel Te/InO@MXene lattice coherency heterojunction was prepared by leveraging the identical lattice spacing of InO (222) and Te (021) crystal face.

A luminescent lanthanide functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic framework hydrogel: Fluorescence sensing platform for copper and iron ions detection.

The excessive presence of the metal ions Cu and Fe in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, so timely and accurate detection of them has become essential and urgent. In this paper, a novel hydrogel-based fluorescent sensor, named ME-IPA@SA-TbZn, was fabricated facilely through an in-situ cross-linking modification method and was used for the detection of Cu and Fe in water bodies. The ME-IPA@SA-TbZn is essentially a hybrid hydrogel bead that exhibits vibrant fluorescence, employing Tb and Zn functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as the fluorescence functional core and sodium alginate (SA) as the hydrogel matrix.

Single-Walled ZnSe Nanotubes for High-Performance Photodetectors: A Computational Prediction.

Low-dimensional nanomaterials show great potential for developing semiconducting materials due to their distinct electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. In this study, we constructed various one-dimensional ZnSe nanotubes and investigated their transport and photoresponse properties by using the density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. Under bias regulation, one-dimensional tetragonal ZnSe nanotube curled along the diagonal can reach a current of 111.

Self-cleaned surface of vanadium boride for long-lasting and boosted Fenton oxidation.

Coupling extra electron supply with iron-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an efficient strategy for long-lasting oxidation of organic contaminants in environmental remediation. Many subsequent attempts have been made, such as homogeneous catalysts and metal catalysts, of which secondary organic pollution and surface passivation layers limit their application. In this work, metal borides as co-catalysts can efficiently accelerate the Fenton reaction by firmly sacrificing electrons to Fe(III) reduction.

Structural Damage Detection under Ambient Excitation Using Symbolic Three-Order Square Matrix Formed by Specific-Interval-Sampled Time-Domain Signals.

In the structural health monitoring of vibration systems, varying excitation always affects the accuracy of damage identification. The proposed symbolic three-order square matrix damage detection method with the matrix norm as a damage indicator can solve the difficult problem of damage identification under ambient excitation. The new sampling pattern extracts data from signals in the time domain at specific intervals based on the structural properties with the help of the autocorrelation coefficient.

Oxygen Vacancy Engineering and Constructing Built-In Electric Field in Fe-g-CN/BiMoO Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Photo-Fenton Catalytic Degradation Performance of Tetracycline.

A novel Fe-g-CN/BiMoO (FCNB) Z-scheme heterojunction enriched with oxygen vacancy is constructed and employed for the photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline (TC). The 2% FCNB demonstrates prominent catalytic performance and mineralization efficiency for TC wastewater, showing activity of 8.20 times greater than that of pure photocatalytic technology.

TpBD/UiO-66-NH micro-mesoporous hybrid material as a stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography.

The excellent stability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and the diversity of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) make MOF/COF hybrid materials promising candidates for chromatographic stationary phases. In this paper, a TpBD/UiO-66-NH hybrid material was synthesized through a Schiff-base reaction between TpBD COFs and UiO-66-NH MOFs; characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and bonded to a capillary to prepare a TpBD/UiO-66-NH-bonded open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column. Results suggested that the hybrid material had the crystal morphology of a single COF and MOF, a micro-mesoporous structure, and good thermal stability.

Genomic characterization and resistance features of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from non-pregnant adults in Shandong, China.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae is a recognized pathogen that primarily affects infants and pregnant women. However, its increasingly important role in causing invasive infections among non-pregnant adults has become a significant health concern due to the severity and variety of its clinical impacts.

Methods: Nonduplicate S.

New Insights into Photo-Fenton Chemistry: The Overlooked Role of Excited Iron Species.

Direct photoreduction of Fe is a widely recognized route for accelerating Fe/Fe cycle in photo-Fenton chemistry. However, most of the wavelengths covering the full spectral range are insufficient to supply enough photon energy for the direct reduction process. Herein, the hitherto neglected mechanism of Fe reduction that the Fe indirect reduction pathway initiated by light energy-dependent reactivity variation and reactive excited state (ES) was explored.

Lanthanide metal-organic framework-based surface molecularly imprinted polymers ratiometric fluorescence probe for visual detection of perfluorooctanoic acid with a smartphone-assisted portable device.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) poses a threat to the environment and human health due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and reproductive toxicity. Herein, a lanthanide metal-organic framework (Ln-MOF)-based surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) ratiometric fluorescence probe (Eu/Tb-MOF@MIPs) and a smartphone-assisted portable device were developed for the detection of PFOA with high selectivity in real water samples. The integration of Eu/Tb MOFs as carriers not only had highly stable multiple emission signals but also prevented deformation of the imprinting cavity of MIPs.