Multidisciplinary insights for salt reduction and flavor enhancement in foods: integrating strategies via molecular design, taste signal transduction, and cognitive perception.

Salt, as a vital food additive, is indispensable in human life. However, excessive sodium intake poses a significant risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, underscoring the imperative for effective salt reduction and flavor enhancement strategies in the food industry. Conventional salt reduction flavor enhancement (SRFE) strategies include salt substitutes, optimized salt physical forms, salty peptides (SPs), non-thermal processing (NTP) technologies, odor-induced saltiness enhancement (OISE), and gradual salt reduction.

Enhanced antibacterial activity of plant polyphenol-modified robust polycaprolactone/gelatin electrospun coating on titanium implant.

Postoperative infection significantly increases the risk of failure in titanium (Ti) dental implants. While the local application of antimicrobial agents can effectively mitigate these infections. Electrospinning has gained considerable attention for its ability to produce high-performance nanofibers suitable for localized drug release.

Interfacial slow-release reduction modulates iron cycling on the ZVI surface: Accelerated electron transfer and generation of Fe(II).

Slow iron cycling is an important factor limiting the reactivity of zero-valent iron (ZVI). Developing novel strategies to facilitate iron cycling is vital for the ZVI practical application. This study reports a novel interfacial slow-release reduction strategy for synthesizing L-ZVI with excellent performance by adding L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (AAPS).

Predicting the Requirement of Blood Purification in Sepsis Disease Population: Development and Assessment of a New Nomogram.

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death for critically ill patients worldwide, and blood purification technology is an effective method for rapidly improving and treating sepsis. At present, there is a lack of sufficient clinical data on the timing of blood purification intervention for sepsis patients in China. This study aimed to develop an effective and straightforward tool for predicting the need for blood purification in the sepsis population using an evaluation model.

A General Approach for Sample Size Calculation With Nonproportional Hazards and Cure Rates.

With the ongoing advancements in cancer drug development, a subset of patients can live quite long, or are even considered cured in certain cancer types. Additionally, nonproportional hazards, such as delayed treatment effects and crossing hazards, are commonly observed in cancer clinical trials with immunotherapy. To address these challenges, various cure models have been proposed to integrate the cure rate into trial designs and accommodate delayed treatment effects.

CircRNA Networks in CAD: Multi-Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Potential.

Coronary artery disease (CAD), is a global cardiovascular disease that is characterized by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by coronary artery occlusion. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) is a particular kind of endogenous non-coding RNA, which can affect the occurrence and development of CAD. Concurrently, several circRNAs display stable persistence in CAD patients, attributable to their exceptional exonuclease resistance, thereby harboring the capacity to evolve into a biomarker for CAD diagnosis and prognosis.

Unfolding the Potential of Soil Microbial Community Diversity for Accumulation of Necromass Carbon at Large Scale.

Microorganisms are the main drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) formation, especially through the accumulation of microbial necromass C. It is unclear, however, how microorganisms mediate the accumulation of necromass in soil because microbial communities are prohibitively diverse. To bridge this knowledge gap, biomarkers of microbial cell walls (amino sugars) were combined with high-throughput sequencing, spanning a 900 km climatic gradient through the Loess Plateau.

Sr-doped surfaces with 2D black phosphorus nanosheets for enhanced photothermal antibacterial activity and zirconia implant osseointegration.

Zirconia (ZrO) has emerged as a preferred material for dental implants due to its excellent chemical inertness, absence of metal allergies and esthetic appeal. However, its limited bioactivity regarding infection resistance and early osseointegration hinders its implantation success rate compared to titanium implants. Herein, we developed a PDPA@Sr/BP coating for ZrO implants to address these limitations.

Heat drying RGI rich pectin with significant aggregation and poor solubility could be improved by inserting specific polysaccharides as steric scaffolds.

RGI (rhamnogalacturonan-I) pectin, a polyhydroxy-carboxylic acid polymer abundant in neutral sugar side chains, exhibits thermal aggregation during heat drying which leads to its poor solubility. It is hypothesized that insufficient electronic repulsion among the neutral sugar side chains causes their entanglements. Therefore, our purpose is to offer other polysaccharides to the system as steric scaffolds to inhibit aggregation potentially.

Interleukin-7 enhances recruitment of MDSCs by regulating MCP-1 via JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has a significant impact on the development of lung cancer. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for the adaptive immune system and plays an important immunoregulatory role in different types of tumors.

Genetic Structure of the Cave-Dwelling Catfish (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in Southwest China.

The mountainous regions of Southwest China are biodiversity hotspots where geographical isolation promotes genetic differentiation and species diversification. For cave-dwelling species like the , how geographical isolation, historical climate, and riverscapes have influenced their evolution remains largely unexplored. Based on 255 samples from the Pearl River and the Yangtze River, this study integrated two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the population.

Mechanically Activated Starch Reticular Nanostructure Traps Ferulic Acid as a Structural and Functional Cargo.

Upon the scalable utilization of polyphenols, the design of their composites with polymers has received a great deal of attention. However, the starch polymer has a weak loading of hydrophobic polyphenols typically through noncovalent interactions without biochemical catalysts. Here, we tailor a reticular starch nanostructure from a starch nanosphere precursor (preSNS) that traps ferulic acid (FA) via esterification.

The Transfer of USP25 by Exosomes of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy Through Stabilizing SMAD7 Expression.

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are identified to be potential therapeutic candidates for diabetic nephropathy (DN) through secreting exosomes (Exos). Ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) has been reported to be involved in DN-induced renal injury. Herein, this study aimed to investigate whether ADSCs affected DN progression by Exo transfer of USP25.

Genetic Diversity and Growth-Promoting Functions of Endophytic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Apple.

Understanding the dominant populations and biological functions of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in apple plants is of great significance for the healthy growth management and sustainable development of apple cultivation. In this study, we investigated the community diversity and potential plant growth-promoting abilities of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in different tissues of apple trees by combining high-throughput sequencing of the gene with traditional isolation and cultivation techniques. Sequencing results revealed that the endophytic bacteria were affiliated with 10 phyla, 14 classes, 30 orders, 42 families, and 72 genera.

TRIB3 Is a Hub Gene in Steatohepatitis and Aggravates Lipid Deposition and Inflammation in Hepatocytes.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, approximately 30% of adults and 70%~80% of patients with obesity and diabetes suffer from NAFLD.

Objective: We attempted to find a potential hub gene in NAFLD hepatocyte cell model induced by palmitic acid and oil acid (PAOA), and investigated the function of the hub-gene.

Methods: We searched and downloaded the GSE122660 dataset from GEO-DataSets, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R software.

Advancing flavor perception research with EEG microstate analysis: A dynamic approach to understanding brain responses to alcoholic stimuli.

Understanding how our brain's perceptual system related to sensory evaluation of food can be affected by alcohol concentration is essential for both neuroscience and food science. This study applied EEG microstate analysis to characterize dynamic brain activity across seven alcohol levels (water, 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 40 %, 53 % ABV, and Baijiu). Unlike traditional EEG analyses, microstate analysis provides a temporally resolved perspective on large-scale neural dynamics.

Dual-mode sensing platform based on an iodide ion synergistic covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for point-of-care testing (POCT) of acetylcholinesterase.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a critical role in maintaining nervous system homeostasis and coordinating essential biological reactions. AChE is an important biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Therefore, developing efficient and immediate sensing platforms for AChE detection is crucial for advancing early diagnostic tools.

Mitochondrial Genomes of Six Species (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) and Their Phylogenetic Analysis.

is an important small freshwater economic fish in Southwestern China. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of six species by conventional overlapping PCR and Sanger sequencing. The mitogenomes were 16,591-16,605 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a noncoding region, which was consistent with previously studied Labeoninae mitogenomes.

The comparative efficacy of L-glutamine, celecoxib, and glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis management.

To explore the therapeutic efficacy of L-glutamine (L-Gln) on pathological progression and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), and compare with glucosamine sulfate (GS), and celecoxib (CXB). Rats were administered sodium chloride, L-Gln, GS, or CXB via gavage for eight weeks starting from the fifth week after sham operation or Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT) + Medial Meniscectomy (MMx). Then the severity of knee OA in rats was evaluated by serological analysis, histological examination and imaging examination.

Unveiling brain response mechanisms of citrus flavor perception: An EEG-based study on sensory and cognitive responses.

Citrus flavors are globally popular in food industry, yet research on the perceptual preferences of various citrus flavors is limited. Based on the subjective sensory evaluation, this study introduces a novel sensory analysis approach, using electroencephalography (EEG), to objectively measure the sensory and cognitive responses to nine citrus flavors, including d-limonene, concentrated (H-) and original essential oils of sweet orange (SEO), bergamot EO (BEO), lemon EO (LEO), and grapefruit EO (GEO). Results revealed that δ (0.

Development, validation, and clinical application of a machine learning model for risk stratification and management of cervical cancer screening based on full-genotyping hrHPV test (SMART-HPV): a modelling study.

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) full genotyping facilitates risk stratification and efficiency in cervical cancer screening, widely verified and adopted in various screening settings. We aimed develop a cervical cancer predictive model that can guide referrals for colposcopy using hrHPV full genotyping data in a setting where screening rate is low.

Methods: We developed, compared and validated four machine learning models (eXtreme gradient boosting [XGBoost], support vector machine [SVM], random forest [RF], and naïve bayes [NB]) for cervical cancer prediction, using data from a national cervical cancer screening project conducted in 267 healthcare centers in China.

Enhancing titanium dioxide nanotube array stability on dental implants through laser lithography-assisted microline patterning.

Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNTs) generated in situ on the surface of dental implants have been shown to enhance bone integration for load-bearing support while managing load distribution and energy dissipation to prevent bone resorption from overload. However, their inadequate stability limits the clinical use of conventional TNTs. This study introduces an innovative approach to improve the mechanical stability of TNTs while maintaining their bone-integration efficiency.

Kirkendall Effect-Mediated Transformation of ZIF-67 to NiCo-LDH Nanocages as Oxidase Mimics for Multicolor Point-of-Care Testing of β-Galactosidase Activity and .

Early and portable detection of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for ensuring food safety, monitoring product quality, and tracing the sources of bacterial infections. Moving beyond traditional plate-culture counting methods, the analysis of active bacterial components offers a rapid means of quantifying bacteria. Here, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived NiCo-layered double hydroxide nanosheets (LDHs), synthesized via the Kirkendall effect, were employed as highly effective oxidase mimics to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Dual effects of exogenous ferulic acid bound in rice starch as 3D printable food ink: Structural fluidity and antimicrobial activity.

Starch-ferulic acid (FA) composites have been developed for medical and food fields, while little focus is caused on their use in functional products by 3D printing. In this work, dynamic high-pressure microfluidization was employed to treat starch at various concentrations, for preparing modified starch-FA composites. The high-performance liquid chromatography results showed that an increased starch concentration was conducive to a high yield of composite with enhanced binding of FA.