Chemical Profiling of Chixiaodou Danggui San Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Data Mining Strategy.

Rationale: Chixiaodou Danggui San (CDS), composed of Vignae semen (VS) and Angelicae sinensis radix (ASR), has been utilized for the treatment of hemorrhoids in China. However, the chemical profiling of CDS remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method for the chemical profiling of CDS.

Multi-scale effects of runoff time series and its improved prediction methods.

The accuracy of cross-time-scale runoff prediction is affected by data characteristics, and accuracy improvement is challenging. This study examined 18,250 global hydrological stations, identified the multi-scale effect of runoff time series (MSER), and proposed an MSER-based improved prediction method (MSEIP). It introduced models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR), and evaluation metrics, including optimization proportion (OP) and optimization efficiency (OE), for comparative analysis.

Rape bee pollen outperforms camellia bee pollen in enhancing gut health and antioxidant capacity of wanxi white goose.

Bee pollen is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, exhibiting properties such as antioxidant effects, immune enhancement, and promotion of growth and development. However, there are limited studies on the use of bee pollen in goose breeding. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rape bee pollen (RBP) and camellia bee pollen (CBP) on production performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune indices, and gut microbiota in Wanxi white goose.

Selective Activation of Conditionally Replicating Influenza A Virus in Pulmonary Tumors for Enhanced Oncolytic Efficacy and Systemic Safety.

Influenza A virus demonstrates significant potential as an oncolytic agent. Nevertheless, being replication-competent pathogens, they may induce adverse effects in cancer patients who have compromised immune systems. Here, the results show that the 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT)-dependent H1N1 influenza virus S218 can inhibit the proliferation and lung metastasis of melanoma in vivo, and 4-HT enhances the anti-tumor effect of S218 virus.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in cancers: from upstream regulation to downstream substrates and therapeutic inhibitors.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a pivotal regulator of cell cycle progression. Mounting documents indicate the complicated roles of this kinase in various malignancies. Here, we roundly overview the regulation of CDK1 in malignancies, and find that CDK1 is widely upregulated in diverse cancers at either expression or enzymatic activity levels.

Targeted neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with Sinomenine alleviate diabetic peripheral neuropathy via WNT5a/TRPV1 pathway modulation.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating complications of diabetes, marked by chronic neuroinflammation, immune dysregulation, and progressive neuronal degeneration. Current treatments offer limited efficacy, largely focusing on symptomatic relief rather than addressing the underlying disease mechanisms. There is a critical need for disease-modifying therapies that target the molecular basis of DPN.

Physical protection by soil aggregates drives carbon gains in mangrove restoration: Evidence from coastal aquaculture ponds.

Mangrove wetlands are vital carbon sinks, yet their area has sharply declined due to aquaculture. To evaluate soil carbon stock recovery, we analyzed six pond-to-mangrove restoration sites along China's southeastern coast, assessing changes in carbon components and their drivers. Restoration increased soil water content, salinity, and total nitrogen while reducing pH and bulk density.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of ptprfb (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type fb) reveals its regulatory role in zebrafish spermatogenesis.

Gonadal development and gamete maturation are essential for fish reproduction. The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fb (Ptprfb) is a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate ptprfb in zebrafish.

Spatiotemporal distribution and detection of spatial clusters of tuberculosis in Hubei Province, China using FleXScan (2017-2023).

Background: This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and spatial clustering of tuberculosis(TB) in 103 counties of Hubei Province, China, using spatial scan statistics. By identifying high-risk areas and temporal trends, the findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeted TB prevention and control strategies.

Methods: This study employed the FleXScan method to detect spatial clusters of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Hubei Province and identify statistically significant high-risk areas.

Non-temperature environmental drivers modulate warming-induced 21st-century permafrost degradation on the Tibetan Plateau.

The world's largest continuous alpine permafrost layer on the Tibet Plateau (TP), is increasingly threatened by warming leading permafrost degradation that disrupts carbon, water, and nutrient cycling, and threatens ecosystem services and infrastructure stability. However, it remains unclear how permafrost sensitivity to warming varies across the TP and over time. By compiling a 20-year (2001-2020) dataset from 55 in situ monitoring sites, we find permafrost thawing rates increased from 45 ± 15 cm·10a (2001-2010) to 86 ± 30 cm·10a (2011-2020), while the temperature increasing rates at the top of permafrost rose from 0.

Angular resolution and scanning density estimation based on a 3D to 2D Lissajous transition.

Angular resolution and scanning density are important factors affecting the quality of Lissajous images. In this work, the transition characteristics from 3D to 2D Lissajous scanning curves and the relationship between 3D Lissajous scanning rotation and phase change were studied. The concept of the characteristic phase difference between 2D and 3D Lissajous scanning trajectories is introduced, and an extension method for multidimensional Lissajous scanning characteristic phase difference is established.

Work Impairment and Financial Outcomes Among Adults With vs Without Long COVID.

Importance: While much of the focus on long COVID (LC; defined as developing new, persistent symptoms lasting 3 months or longer after SARS-CoV-2 infection) has been on health status and quality of life, the impact on individual work productivity and financial distress are less well established.

Objectives: To assess differences in work and financial outcomes among individuals with current, resolved, and no LC up to 3 years after initial infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, multisite, longitudinal cohort study enrolled adult participants (age ≥18 years) with at least 1 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection from December 7, 2020, to August 29, 2022.

MiR-432-5p was involved in gestational diabetes mellitus by targeting COL5A2 regulation.

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased recently. Currently, there is no effective treatment method, so this study aims to find a new biomarker for GDM.

Methods: MiR-432-5p expression and diagnostic value were detected in GDM by RT-qPCR and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Improved SPGD algorithm for optical phased array chip phase error correction in Lidar applications.

Random phase errors in silicon-photonic-based OPA (optical phased array) chips can significantly affect their output beam quality, making efficient phase error correction an important requirement for Lidar systems utilizing OPA chip technology. We report an improved ASPGD algorithm for performing OPA random phase error correction with high efficiency and accuracy, especially for large channel count designs. We successfully demonstrated the ASPGD algorithm phase error calibration capability using a fabricated 16-channel chip, and we also showed that the ASPGD algorithm has significantly faster convergence and higher cosine similarity values for the corrected output beam profile compared with traditional SPGD and genetic algorithms, especially for higher channel count OPA chip designs.

Numerical and experimental study of RF-induced heating of passive implantable medical devices at 5T MRI.

Purpose: To assess the RF-induced heating of orthopedic implants in a 5T whole-body MRI system through electromagnetic simulations and experimental validation, with the goal of ensuring patient safety in ultra-high field (UHF) MRI.

Methods: Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate RF-induced heating in five titanium screws (4-12 cm) inside a 60-cm wide 5T whole-body MRI scanner using the standard ASTM phantom. The temperature rise over 15 min was determined through full-wave electromagnetic simulations and direct measurements.

Molecularly resolved mapping of heterogeneous ice nucleation and crystallization pathways using in-situ cryo-TEM.

Crystallization plays a fundamental role in diverse fields such as glaciology, geology, biology, and materials science. Among various crystallizing systems, the formation of ice remains elusive, despite decades of intensive investigation. In this study, we integrate in-situ cryogenic transmission electron microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a molecular-resolution mapping and thermodynamic framework for deposition freezing under low-temperature, low-pressure conditions.

Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utility.

Methods: We conducted the largest global effort to date to harmonize T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses across five ancestries-European (EUR), African/African American (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS)-including 360,000 T2D cases and 1·8 million controls (41% non-EUR). We constructed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs in training datasets including 11,000 T2D cases and 32,000 controls, and validated their performance in independent datasets including 39,000 T2D cases and 126,000 controls of diverse ancestries.

MiRNA-153 attenuates progression of non-small cell lung cancer through targeting positive regulatory/SET domain 2.

Background: To explore whether micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-153 regulates positive regulatory/SET domain 2 (PRDM2) in a targeted manner and affects the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells.

Methodology: The expressions of miR-153 and PRDM2 in NSCLC tissues and A549 cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TargetScan was utilized to predict miR-153 target genes.

Case Report: Design of a University of the District of Columbia (UDC) intrepid dynamic exoskeletal orthosis.

Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis (IDEO), developed in Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), is a custom, energy-storing orthosis made of carbon fiber. It is designed to improve mobility of individuals who have ankle dorsi and plantar flexor weakness. The development of IDEO follows a traditional workflow which is time consuming and costly.

Exploring Esketamine's Therapeutic Role for Perinatal Depression via TASK-1 Tandem Pore Potassium Channels.

This research focuses on the promising use of esketamine in perinatal depression, a widespread disorder impacting postpartum women's mental health. Despite esketamine's known rapid antidepressant effects, its precise mechanisms are not fully understood. This study integrates clinical and preclinical approaches to explore esketamine's efficacy in treating perinatal depression and its actions associated with TASK-1 potassium channels.

Antioxidant Activity of Kuan Polysaccharides and Their Modulatory Effects on the Gut Microbiota of .

Polysaccharides isolated from Kuan (RCP) are key bioactive components with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Their efficacy varies according to their geographic origin and processing methods. However, the systemic anti-aging mechanisms and antioxidant efficacy of RCP have not yet been comprehensively characterized.

Larger nail-shaft gap as a potential risk factor of femoral head varus in patients treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation: a retrospective, observational, single-center study with corresponding numerical simulation.

Background: Deterioration of postoperative local biomechanical environment is a primary contributor to varus deformity of the femoral head in patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation. Theoretically, increasing the number of threaded anchors can optimize the local biomechanical environment and enhance the fixation stability. According to this principle, a larger gap between the intramedullary nail and the surrounding femoral shaft at the distal locking screw may compromise fixation stability by reducing the number of thread anchorages.

Single-cell transcriptomics identifies PDGFRA progenitors orchestrating angiogenesis and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Periodontal bone defects, primarily caused by periodontitis, are highly prevalent in clinical settings and manifest as bone fenestration, dehiscence, or attachment loss, presenting a significant challenge to oral health. In regenerative medicine, harnessing developmental principles for tissue repair offers promising therapeutic potential. Of particular interest is the condensation of progenitor cells, an essential event in organogenesis that has inspired clinically effective cell aggregation approaches in dental regeneration.

Identification of SEC16B as a novel regulator of glucose homeostasis.

Aims/hypothesis: Glucose homeostasis, essential for metabolic health, requires coordinated insulin and glucagon activity to maintain blood glucose balance. Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis causes hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance, hallmark features of type 2 diabetes. While SEC16 homologue B (SEC16B), an endoplasmic reticulum export factor, has been linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and lipid metabolism, its role in glucose regulation remains poorly defined.

Leveraging stacked classifiers for exploring the role of hedonic processing between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.

Background: Anhedonia, a transdiagnostic feature common to both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ), is characterized by abnormalities in hedonic experience. Previous studies have used machine learning (ML) algorithms without focusing on disorder-specific characteristics to independently classify SCZ and MDD. This study aimed to classify MDD and SCZ using ML models that integrate components of hedonic processing.