CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of ptprfb (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type fb) reveals its regulatory role in zebrafish spermatogenesis.

Gonadal development and gamete maturation are essential for fish reproduction. The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fb (Ptprfb) is a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate ptprfb in zebrafish.

Preparation and characterization of chestnut porous starch by plasma-activated water combined with enzymatic hydrolysis.

Unlabelled: Porous starch is prevalently utilized for loading and transporting biologically active substances and constitutes an inexpensive sorbent with an extensive range of applications. In this study, an innovative and high-efficient preparation approach for chestnut porous starch was executed by integrating plasma-activated water with hydrolysis (α-amylase and glucosidase). Under the optimized conditions (jet power and time, enzyme dosage and hydrolysis time), the obtained chestnut porous starch showed to possess a uniformly porous structure under the electron microscope.

Early Temporal Dynamics of Gonadal Development and Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression During Sex Differentiation in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi).

The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a significant freshwater aquaculture species in China, exhibiting sexual dimorphism during growth. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying early gonadal development and sex differentiation remain unclear. This study traces early gonadal development by examining changes in gonadal histology, germ cell morphologic and distributional changes, and the expression of key signaling molecules.

Olfactory GnRH3 crypt sensory neurons transduce sex pheromone signals to induce male courtship behavior in zebrafish.

Olfactory activation of neuroendocrine pathways plays vital roles in many organisms for reproduction and survival. The importance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons for reproduction is well-established but little is known about whether they can directly sense and transmit sex pheromone signals. We have uncovered the migration path and distribution pattern of a new GnRH neuronal population that fulfills this role.

Experimental Investigation of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends across Varying Operating Parameters.

Ethanol-gasoline is a significant approach to achieving low-carbon combustion engines. In this article, the combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol-gasoline (E22) and ordinary gasoline under varying air-fuel ratios, injection pressures, and ignition timings are experimentally investigated, and the engine performances and combustion characteristics of both fuels are compared under full-load conditions. The results show that the combustion stability of E22 is slightly lower than that of gasoline at different air-fuel ratios, and the ignition delay and combustion duration are slightly longer than that of gasoline, but the thermal efficiency of E22 is higher due to the lower exhaust energy loss.

The Impact of Online Interactive Platform Services on Oral Health Behaviors in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at a high risk for oral health decline. To address this, we designed an intervention to improve oral health behaviors specifically for elderly individuals with MCI. Here we describe the protocol for a study with the following aims: to enhance oral health behaviors through online education tailored to the cognitive load of older adults and to maintain or delay cognitive decline.

Effects of EGR Rate and Temperature on Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines Fueled with Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil.

This study investigates the effects of varying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and temperatures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). Understanding these effects is essential for optimizing renewable fuel applications in compression ignition engines, contributing to cleaner combustion, and supporting sustainable transportation initiatives. The experiments revealed that increasing the EGR rate to 20% not only reduces NOx emissions by approximately 25% but also increases smoke by around 15%, highlighting a trade-off between NOx and particulate matter control.

Challenges and Opportunities of Uranium Extraction From Seawater: a Systematic Roadmap From Laboratory to Industry.

Uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of nuclear power and has seen significant advancements in recent years. However, natural seawater is a highly complex biogeochemical system, characterized by an extremely low uranium (U) concentration (≈3.3 µg L), abundant competitive ions, and significant marine biological pollution, making UES a formidable challenge.

Loss of gdnfa disrupts spermiogenesis and male courtship behavior in zebrafish.

Spermatogenesis is essential for establishment and maintenance of reproduction in male vertebrates. Spermatogenesis, which is mainly regulated by the combined action of hormones, growth factors, and epigenetic factors, is highly conserved. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily.

Overexpression of improved hepatic glucose catabolism and relieved liver lipid deposition in common carp ( L.) fed a high-starch diet.

Growth hormone (GH) is important for regulating insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism, and its role in mammalian models of diabetes is relatively worked out. Although some fish species were used as models for diabetes research, the effects of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in these models remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of GH on insulin and glucose catabolism and anabolism in an omnivorous fish using transgenic (T) common carp that consistently overexpressed and wild-type (WT) common carp.

Improved liver lipid catabolism and utilization in transgenic common carp ( L.) through enhanced lipolytic and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways.

() transgenic common carp ( L.) show desirable aquaculture traits. Their specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) are approximately 12% and 17% higher than the wild-type (WT) common carp, respectively.

Effects of Secretoneurin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on the Spawning of Captive Greater Amberjack ().

The greater amberjack (), a pelagic marine species with a global distribution, has considerable worldwide potential as an aquaculture species. However, difficulties have been encountered in inducing spontaneous spawning in cultured fish stocks. In this study, we analysed the key regulatory factors, secretoneurin (SN) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), in greater amberjack.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on N, S co-doped liquorice carbon/functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites for simultaneous detection of licochalcone A and liquiritin.

In this study, nanoporous C was prepared from the roots, stems and leaves of liquorice and modified via element doping. Then, the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped liquorice carbon (N, S-LC) and functional multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were dispersed using an ultrasonic dispersion technology, and a binary nanocomposite was prepared. N, S-LC plays a key role in the formation and electrochemical efficiency of binary nanocomposites, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the binary complexes formed by the hybridisation of N, S-LC and f-MWCNTs can improve the electron transfer ability of an electrode.

Isolation and Characterization of Germline Stem Cells in Protogynous Hermaphroditic .

Germline stem cells (GSCs) are a group of unique adult stem cells in gonads that act as important transmitters for genetic information. Donor GSCs have been used to produce offspring by transplantation in fisheries. In this study, we successfully isolated and enriched GSCs from the ovary, ovotestis, and testis of , one of the most important breeding freshwater fishes in China.

Sinhcaf-dependent histone deacetylation is essential for primordial germ cell specification.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenitor cells that give rise to sperm and eggs. Sinhcaf is a recently identified subunit of the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex (SIN3A-HDAC). Here, we provide evidence that Sinhcaf-dependent histone deacetylation is essential for germ plasm aggregation and primordial germ cell specification.

Dynamic Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Events Demonstrate Co-Regulation of Testicular Differentiation and Maturation by the Brain and Gonad in Common Carp.

The common carp () accounts for approximately 10% of the annual freshwater aquaculture production and is an ideal model to study cyprinidae reproduction. Female common carp grow faster than the males; therefore, related research presents an opportunity with high application value. Although we have a detailed understanding of common carp's early gonadal differentiation process, information about genome-wide gene expression, regulation, and underlying molecular mechanisms during this process remain limited.

Associations Between Oral Health Status, Perceived Stress, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Community Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease: A Mediation Analysis.

Community individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience oral disease alongside neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) with disease progression. Despite growing evidence for the link between oral health and cognitive status, few studies have investigated the associations between oral health and NPS, especially based on individuals' experience of AD. The primary aim of this study was to examine (a) the difference in oral health-related stressors among individuals with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD); and (b) the associations of these stressors with NPS under the framework of the stress process model (SPM).

Multiple Developmental Defects in Mutant Zebrafish with Features of Coffin-Siris Syndrome.

A previous study suggested that human Coffin-Siris syndrome is related to the mutation of . Since the homozygous mutant mice died soon after birth, no suitable model was available for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of Coffin-Siris syndrome. To solve this problem, we generated two viable homozygous zebrafish mutants, and .

Secretoneurin is a secretogranin-2 derived hormonal peptide in vertebrate neuroendocrine systems.

Secretogranin-2 (SCG2) is a large precursor protein that is processed into several potentially bioactive peptides, with the 30-43 amino acid central domain called secretoneurin (SN) being clearly evolutionary conserved in vertebrates. Secretoneurin exerts a diverse array of biological functions including regulating nervous, endocrine, and immune systems in part due to its wide tissue distribution. Expressed in some neuroendocrine neurons and pituitary cells, SN is a stimulator of the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone from both goldfish pituitary cells and the mouse LβT2 cell line.

Dynamics Analysis and Design for a Bidirectional Super-Ring-Shaped Neural Network With n Neurons and Multiple Delays.

Recently, the dynamics of delayed neural networks has always incurred the widespread concern of scholars. However, they are mostly confined to some simplified neural networks, which are only made up of a small amount of neurons. The main cause is that it is difficult to decompose and analyze generally high-dimensional characteristic matrices.

Targeted mutation of secretogranin-2 disrupts sexual behavior and reproduction in zebrafish.

The luteinizing hormone surge is essential for fertility as it triggers ovulation in females and sperm release in males. We previously reported that secretoneurin-a, a neuropeptide derived from the processing of secretogranin-2a (Scg2a), stimulates luteinizing hormone release, suggesting a role in reproduction. Here we provide evidence that mutation of the and genes using TALENs in zebrafish reduces sexual behavior, ovulation, oviposition, and fertility.

A novel fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for imaging nitroreductase (NTR) in bacteria and cells.

A nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe, Na-NO, comprising p-nitrobenzyl as the unique recognition group and 1,8-naphthalimide as fluorophore, was synthesized. Na-NO showed remarkable fluorescence "turn-on" signal in the presence of NTR under DMSO/HO (1:19, v/v) buffered with PBS (pH = 7) solution in the presence of NADH (300 µM). Furthermore, the probe has a low detection limit down to 3.