Exopolysaccharide BPS-2 Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis in a Murine Model Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Suppression of the NF-κB Cascade.

This study investigated the therapeutic potential of extracellular polysaccharide BPS-2 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) murine models. BPS-2 demonstrated significant efficacy in ameliorating UC-associated pathologies through three principal mechanisms: (1) attenuating histopathological damage while preserving colon epithelial integrity, (2) modulating immune marker expression patterns in colon tissues, and (3) restoring gut microbiota homeostasis. BPS-2 exhibited multi-faceted protective effects on the gut by mitigating oxidative stress responses and enhancing short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, leading to an improved gut microbial community structure.

A Cellular Coupling Strategy Leveraging Pathway Modularization and Cofactor Regeneration for the Biosynthesis of 3'-Sialyllactose.

3'-Sialyllactose is a major sialylated human milk oligosaccharide that plays an important role in promoting infant development and supporting various physiological functions critical for early life. In this study, -acetylneuraminic acid and 3'-sialyllactose were successfully synthesized utilizing four genes across three modules through a whole-cell catalysis. Among these, Module III was employed to facilitate the conversion of cytidine-5'-monophosphate to cytidine 5'-triphosphate utilizing the intrinsic enzyme system of .

Analysis of the relative risk factors for H-type hypertension and its correlation with the MTHFR C677T genotype in a health checkup population in Urumqi, China-a cross-sectional study.

Background: This cross-sectional survey investigated the incidence of H-type hypertension and associated risk factors in a health checkup population in Urumqi, China. We aimed to identify potential intervention targets by screening patients with H-type hypertension and high-risk populations, filling the gap in the risk assessment of H-type hypertension in high-altitude areas.

Methods: From January 2023 to January 2024, we conducted a cross-sectional study on 1,772 individuals who underwent methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism evaluations.

Higher levels of depression are associated with increased all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease: A prospective study based on the NHANES database.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition associated with high mortality rates worldwide. Although depression is common in CKD patients, it is rarely addressed in current management guidelines, possibly due to limited long-term data.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Death Index from 2005 to 2020.

Colonization of engineered bacteria enhanced lipid nanomedicine accumulation in tumors for sonodynamic immunotherapy.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) demonstrate liver-accumalating properties, enhancing drug delivery to hepatic tissues. This localized enrichment reduces systemic toxicity and mitigates drug resistance. However, critical limitations such as off-target effects, rapid clearance, and poor specificity hinder their clinical translation.

Melatonin-induced enhanced the disease resistance of against anthracnose by modulating cell wall and phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Introduction: Anthracnose poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of the industry. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of melatonin-induced DZY6715 (MT-DZY 6715) in controlling anthracnose caused by .

Methods: The antifungal activity of MT-DZY6715 against was systematically evaluated dual-culture assays and in planta infection trials.

Artificial intelligence-assisted detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma on endoscopic images: a national, multicentre, model development and validation study.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly curable when diagnosed early. However, the nasopharynx's obscure anatomical position and the similarity of local imaging manifestations with those of other nasopharyngeal diseases often lead to diagnostic challenges, resulting in delayed or missed diagnoses. Our aim was to develop a deep learning algorithm to enhance an otolaryngologist's diagnostic capabilities by differentiating between nasopharyngeal carcinoma, benign hyperplasia, and normal nasopharynx during endoscopic examination.

Nanoparticles Selectively Regulate the Generation and Scavenging of Multiple Reactive Oxygen Species at Designated Locations and States.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recognized as a promising therapeutic modality for cancer, psoriasis, bacterial infection, atherosclerosis, and other diseases, yet confronts persistent challenges of oxygen dependency, limited diversity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and collateral photodamage to healthy tissues. Here, we report that unlike traditional PDT, near-infrared-activated Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBs) uniquely interact with hydrogen peroxide (HO) to concurrently generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), hydroperoxyl radicals (·OOH), and singlet oxygen (O) through an oxygen-independent pathway, thereby compensating for the damage and selectivity differences between distinct ROS. PB, HO, and light are the three essential factors for producing ROS.

Bayesian optimal Phase II survival trial design with event-driven approach.

Bayesian design incorporates prior knowledge and external information, making it an attractive option during the early phase of a clinical trial. A number of Bayesian optimal designs have been proposed to make go/no-go decisions based on posterior probabilities while also having desired frequentist operating characteristics. However, existing Bayesian designs either are not appropriate for time-to-event endpoints or rely on an exponential distribution assumption on the data.

Novel artificial bulk fat based on lipid droplet and carboxyl-modified konjac glucomannan: Preparation, characteristics and probiotic function.

Fat substitutes that possess texture, processing and sensory properties similar to animal fats, without increasing the burden of fat intake has always posed a significant challenge for food industry. Herein, a high quality artificial bulk fat containing lipid droplet and modified polysaccharides was developed as novel fat substitute by brush coating method. The artificial lipid droplets were constructed with L-α-phosphatidylcholine and plant-based lard substitutes, resulting in a high yield and good dispersion.

Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in ().

(Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin () is a symbiotic fungus of Fabricius that has ecological significance. Terpenoids are key mediators in fungal-insect interactions, yet the biosynthetic mechanisms of terpenoids in this species remain unclear.

Gellan gum-sialoglycan conjugates: a mucin mimic for alleviating inflammation in Caco-2 cells and modulating gut microbiota in the elderly.

The sialylation of intestinal mucins plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and shaping the gut microbiota. This study aims to develop a mucin-like polymer to modulate the intestinal microbiota in the elderly individuals. We synthesized functionalized conjugates using sialic acid monomer, 3'-sialyllactose, and Gellan gum, resulting in a series of GG-sialoglycan conjugates with diverse glycan chain lengths and terminal structures.

Genetic Diversity and Growth-Promoting Functions of Endophytic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Apple.

Understanding the dominant populations and biological functions of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in apple plants is of great significance for the healthy growth management and sustainable development of apple cultivation. In this study, we investigated the community diversity and potential plant growth-promoting abilities of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in different tissues of apple trees by combining high-throughput sequencing of the gene with traditional isolation and cultivation techniques. Sequencing results revealed that the endophytic bacteria were affiliated with 10 phyla, 14 classes, 30 orders, 42 families, and 72 genera.

The relationship between pomegranate root collar rot and the diversity of fungal communities in its rhizosphere.

Introduction: The pomegranate () is a significant economic tree species. In recent years, the root collar rot has severely affected pomegranates in the dry-hot valley regions of Yunnan Province, China. The rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and disease resistance.

Antifungal action by Streptomyces globisporus strain WB03 against Fusarium cugenangense causing Gastrodia elata tuber rot disease.

Tuber rot caused by Fusarium cugenangense is a serious problem in the cultivation and post-harvest preservation of Gastrodia. It is essential to explore effective biocontrol methods to control this disease. In this work, we investigated the biocontrol efficiency and defense responses of an endophytic Streptomyces globisporus strain WB03 isolated from the coralloid roots of Cycas panzhihuaensis against Gastrodia tuber rot disease.

Engineering Iridium Nanoclusters for Boosting Ferroptotic Cell Death by Regulating GPX4 and p53 Functions.

Emerging evidence indicates that modulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to induce ferroptosis is a promising strategy for tumor treatment. However, most of the GPX4 small molecule inhibitors face limitations due to their poor delivery efficacy and low specificity of ferroptosis activation. Herein, a ferroptosis-inducing nanomedicine is developed that integrates nutlin-3 with iridium oxide nanoclusters (NUT-IrO NCs) for enhanced ferroptosis-driven multimodal therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Integration of Through-Space Conjugation of an Adjacent Arene with a Nitrogen/Carbonyl Framework for Narrowband Emission.

Organic luminescent materials featuring noncovalent through-space conjugation (TSC) have attracted considerable attention. However, the presence of multiple vibrational energy levels and weak spatial electron delocalization typically results in broad emission peaks for TSC-based emitters, significantly impeding their extensive application in optoelectronic technologies. Herein, two TSC emitters, TSFQ-TRZ and TSFQ-Ph, were synthesized by integrating a fused nitrogen/carbonyl skeleton with various adjacent arene 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPTRZ) and phenyl group segments through a rigid spiro spacer.

Integrated Analysis of Polymerase Family Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Bioinformatics Insights.

: The long-term prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is challenging due to limited understanding of the molecular markers involved in its development. This study investigates the role of DNA polymerases in AML to offer new insights for diagnosis and treatment. : A retrospective study on pediatric AML patients with POL gene family mutations from 2021 to 2024 was conducted.

Exploring the Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Spermatogenesis: Insights From Transcriptomic Analysis in Mouse Spermatocytes.

The presence of polystyrene plastics in the human testis has raised concerns, yet their biological activity remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and potential regulatory genes of polystyrene nanoplastics on spermatocyte line, GC-2spd(ts). After a 24-h exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics, the results indicated cell membrane disruption, impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induced DNA damage.

Multi-arm multi-stage survival trial design with arm-specific stopping rule.

Traditional two-arm randomized trial designs have played a pivotal role in establishing the efficacy of medical interventions. However, their efficiency is often compromised when confronted with multiple experimental treatments or limited resources. In response to these challenges, the multi-arm multi-stage designs have emerged, enabling the simultaneous evaluation of multiple treatments within a single trial.

Inhalable cardiac targeting peptide modified nanomedicine prevents pressure overload heart failure in male mice.

Heart failure causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinically applied drugs for the treatment of heart failure are still severely limited by poor delivery efficiency to the heart and off-target consumption. Inspired by the high heart delivery efficiency of inhaled drugs, we present an inhalable cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP)-modified calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticle for the delivery of TP-10, a selective inhibitor of PDE10A.

Alleviating neuronal inflammation induced by Aβ in SH-SY5Y through interaction with polysialic acid-oligomannuronate conjugate.

Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is one of the distinctive pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the development of effective inhibitors against Aβ aggregate formation offers great promise for the treatment of AD. In this study, we designed a novel negatively charged functionalized conjugate aimed at inhibiting Aβ aggregation and attenuating neurotoxicity by grafting polysialic acid with mannuronate oligosaccharide, a biocompatible glycan extracted from seaweeds, designated as polysialic acid-mannan conjugate (PSA-MOS).

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide induction resistance mechanisms of Bacillus tequilensis against Colletotrichum fructicola in Camellia oleifera.

Bacillus tequilensis DZY 6715 was isolated from healthy leaves in Camellia oleifera, and the strain DZY 6715 significantly inhibited anthracnose disease resulting from Colletotrichum fructicola in C. oleifera, besides, its associated mechanism of disease resistance was explored. B.

Sialic acid metabolism of oral bacteria and its potential role in colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites that contribute to bacterial persistence and virulence in the oral cavity. In addition to causing various periodontal diseases, certain oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can induce inflammatory reactions and influence the immunity of host cells. These associations with host cells are linked to various diseases, particularly colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.